大家好。我们正在开发一种用于分析离线流量的产品。该项目的任务涉及对访客通过区域的路径进行统计分析。
作为此任务的一部分，用户可以向系统询问以下查询：
- 从“ A”区到“ B”区有多少游客；
- "A" "" "C", "";
- "" "".
.
. , , . (TL;DR; ).
JanusGraph, open-source , , ( ) :
- BerkeleyDB, Apache Cassandra, Scylla;
- Lucene, Elasticsearch, Solr.
JanusGraph , OLTP, OLAP.
BerkeleyDB, Apache Cassandra, Scylla ES, , , . BerkeleyDB, RocksDB, , , . , , Cassandra Scylla.
Neo4j , , .
: " - — !" — !
, :
Zone, . ZoneStep Zone, . Area, ZoneTrack, Person , . , :
g.V().hasLabel('Zone').has('id',0).in_()
.repeat(__.out()).until(__.out().hasLabel('Zone').has('id',19)).count().next()
: Zone ID=0, , (ZoneStep), ZoneStep, Zone ID=19, .
, (https://kelvinlawrence.net/book/Gremlin-Graph-Guide.html).
50 3 20 JanusGraph, BerkeleyDB, .
Python:
from random import random
from time import time
from init import g, graph
if __name__ == '__main__':
points = []
max_zones = 19
zcache = dict()
for i in range(0, max_zones + 1):
zcache[i] = g.addV('Zone').property('id', i).next()
startZ = zcache[0]
endZ = zcache[max_zones]
for i in range(0, 10000):
if not i % 100:
print(i)
start = g.addV('ZoneStep').property('time', int(time())).next()
g.V(start).addE('belongs').to(startZ).iterate()
while True:
pt = g.addV('ZoneStep').property('time', int(time())).next()
end_chain = random()
if end_chain < 0.3:
g.V(pt).addE('belongs').to(endZ).iterate()
g.V(start).addE('goes').to(pt).iterate()
break
else:
zone_id = int(random() * max_zones)
g.V(pt).addE('belongs').to(zcache[zone_id]).iterate()
g.V(start).addE('goes').to(pt).iterate()
start = pt
count = g.V().count().next()
print(count)
VM c 4 16 GB RAM SSD. JanusGraph :
docker run --name janusgraph -p8182:8182 janusgraph/janusgraph:latest
, BerkeleyDB. , , .
4 , Java ( Java) Docker.
, :
, , . :
g.V().hasLabel('ZoneStep').has('id',0).repeat(__.out().simplePath()).until(__.hasLabel('ZoneStep').has('id',19)).count().next()
: ZoneStep ID=0, ZoneStep ID=19, .
, , , , , .
, , AdHoc .
JanusGraph Scylla, Cassandra, - .
, , " ", . , - JanusGraph , , .
, JOIN- Pivot- , , .
Apache ClickHouse, .
ClickHouse :
sudo docker run -d --name clickhouse_1 \
--ulimit nofile=262144:262144 \
-v /opt/clickhouse/log:/var/log/clickhouse-server \
-v /opt/clickhouse/data:/var/lib/clickhouse \
yandex/clickhouse-server
:
CREATE TABLE
db.steps (`area` Int64, `when` DateTime64(1, 'Europe/Moscow') DEFAULT now64(), `zone` Int64, `person` Int64)
ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY (area, zone, person) SETTINGS index_granularity = 8192
:
from time import time
from clickhouse_driver import Client
from random import random
client = Client('vm-12c2c34c-df68-4a98-b1e5-a4d1cef1acff.domain',
database='db',
password='secret')
max = 20
for r in range(0, 100000):
if r % 1000 == 0:
print("CNT: {}, TS: {}".format(r, time()))
data = [{
'area': 0,
'zone': 0,
'person': r
}]
while True:
if random() < 0.3:
break
data.append({
'area': 0,
'zone': int(random() * (max - 2)) + 1,
'person': r
})
data.append({
'area': 0,
'zone': max - 1,
'person': r
})
client.execute(
'INSERT INTO steps (area, zone, person) VALUES',
data
)
, , JanusGraph.
JOIN. A :
SELECT s1.person AS person,
s1.zone,
s1.when,
s2.zone,
s2.when
FROM
(SELECT *
FROM steps
WHERE (area = 0)
AND (zone = 0)) AS s1 ANY INNER JOIN
(SELECT *
FROM steps AS s2
WHERE (area = 0)
AND (zone = 19)) AS s2 USING person
WHERE s1.when <= s2.when
3 :
SELECT s3.person,
s1z,
s1w,
s2z,
s2w,
s3.zone,
s3.when
FROM
(SELECT s1.person AS person,
s1.zone AS s1z,
s1.when AS s1w,
s2.zone AS s2z,
s2.when AS s2w
FROM
(SELECT *
FROM steps
WHERE (area = 0)
AND (zone = 0)) AS s1 ANY INNER JOIN
(SELECT *
FROM steps AS s2
WHERE (area = 0)
AND (zone = 3)) AS s2 USING person
WHERE s1.when <= s2.when) p ANY INNER JOIN
(SELECT *
FROM steps
WHERE (area = 0)
AND (zone = 19)) AS s3 USING person
WHERE p.s2w <= s3.when
, , , -. , . 0.1 . count(*) 3 :
SELECT count(*)
FROM
(
SELECT
s1.person AS person,
s1.zone AS s1z,
s1.when AS s1w,
s2.zone AS s2z,
s2.when AS s2w
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM steps
WHERE (area = 0) AND (zone = 0)
) AS s1
ANY INNER JOIN
(
SELECT *
FROM steps AS s2
WHERE (area = 0) AND (zone = 3)
) AS s2 USING (person)
WHERE s1.when <= s2.when
) AS p
ANY INNER JOIN
(
SELECT *
FROM steps
WHERE (area = 0) AND (zone = 19)
) AS s3 USING (person)
WHERE p.s2w <= s3.when
┌─count()─┐
│ 11592 │
└─────────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.068 sec. Processed 250.03 thousand rows, 8.00 MB (3.69 million rows/s., 117.98 MB/s.)
IOPS. , JanusGraph IOPS (1000-1300 ), IOWAIT . , ClickHouse .
ClickHouse . , , Apache Flink ClickHouse.
, , , pivot- . , pivot- , Vertica Apache Parquet.
, . , JanusGraph , . Java-way, Java :
host: 0.0.0.0
port: 8182
threadPoolWorker: 1
gremlinPool: 8
scriptEvaluationTimeout: 30000
channelizer: org.janusgraph.channelizers.JanusGraphWsAndHttpChannelizer
graphManager: org.janusgraph.graphdb.management.JanusGraphManager
graphs: {
ConfigurationManagementGraph: conf/janusgraph-cql-configurationgraph.properties,
airlines: conf/airlines.properties
}
scriptEngines: {
gremlin-groovy: {
plugins: { org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.plugin.JanusGraphGremlinPlugin: {},
org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.jsr223.GremlinServerGremlinPlugin: {},
org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.tinkergraph.jsr223.TinkerGraphGremlinPlugin: {},
org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.jsr223.ImportGremlinPlugin: {classImports: [java.lang.Math], methodImports: [java.lang.Math#*]},
org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.jsr223.ScriptFileGremlinPlugin: {files: [scripts/airline-sample.groovy]}}}}
serializers:
# GraphBinary is here to replace Gryo and Graphson
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphBinaryMessageSerializerV1, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphBinaryMessageSerializerV1, config: { serializeResultToString: true }}
# Gryo and Graphson, latest versions
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GryoMessageSerializerV3d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GryoMessageSerializerV3d0, config: { serializeResultToString: true }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphSONMessageSerializerV3d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
# Older serialization versions for backwards compatibility:
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GryoMessageSerializerV1d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GryoMessageSerializerV1d0, config: { serializeResultToString: true }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GryoLiteMessageSerializerV1d0, config: {ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphSONMessageSerializerGremlinV2d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistry] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphSONMessageSerializerGremlinV1d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistryV1d0] }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphSONMessageSerializerV1d0, config: { ioRegistries: [org.janusgraph.graphdb.tinkerpop.JanusGraphIoRegistryV1d0] }}
processors:
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.op.session.SessionOpProcessor, config: { sessionTimeout: 28800000 }}
- { className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.op.traversal.TraversalOpProcessor, config: { cacheExpirationTime: 600000, cacheMaxSize: 1000 }}
metrics: {
consoleReporter: {enabled: false, interval: 180000},
csvReporter: {enabled: false, interval: 180000, fileName: /tmp/gremlin-server-metrics.csv},
jmxReporter: {enabled: false},
slf4jReporter: {enabled: true, interval: 180000},
gangliaReporter: {enabled: false, interval: 180000, addressingMode: MULTICAST},
graphiteReporter: {enabled: false, interval: 180000}}
threadPoolBoss: 1
maxInitialLineLength: 4096
maxHeaderSize: 8192
maxChunkSize: 8192
maxContentLength: 65536
maxAccumulationBufferComponents: 1024
resultIterationBatchSize: 64
writeBufferHighWaterMark: 32768
writeBufferHighWaterMark: 65536
ssl: {
enabled: false}
"" BerkeleyDB JanusGraph.
, Groovy. , Gremlin (, , ). JanusGraph:
graph.tx().rollback()
mgmt = graph.openManagement()
name = mgmt.getPropertyKey('name')
age = mgmt.getPropertyKey('age')
mgmt.buildIndex('byNameComposite', Vertex.class).addKey(name).buildCompositeIndex()
mgmt.buildIndex('byNameAndAgeComposite', Vertex.class).addKey(name).addKey(age).buildCompositeIndex()
mgmt.commit()
//Wait for the index to become available
ManagementSystem.awaitGraphIndexStatus(graph, 'byNameComposite').call()
ManagementSystem.awaitGraphIndexStatus(graph, 'byNameAndAgeComposite').call()
//Reindex the existing data
mgmt = graph.openManagement()
mgmt.updateIndex(mgmt.getGraphIndex("byNameComposite"), SchemaAction.REINDEX).get()
mgmt.updateIndex(mgmt.getGraphIndex("byNameAndAgeComposite"), SchemaAction.REINDEX).get()
mgmt.commit()
— . , . , :
g.V().hasLabel('ZoneStep').has('id',0)
.repeat(__.out().simplePath()).until(__.hasLabel('ZoneStep').has('id',1)).count().next()
. , … , , , 0 -> X -> Y ... -> 1, .
:
g.V().hasLabel('ZoneStep').has('id',0).out().has('id',1)).count().next()
.
, , ClickHouse. — , .