我如何不再害怕并爱上胆固醇

今天,Lifext会告诉:


  • 胆固醇是如此糟糕吗?
  • 如何找出你的水平?
  • 那个每天吃25个鸡蛋的男人怎么了?
  • 低脂饮食的胜利与衰败;
  • 糖在旁边吗?
  • 历史:法医专家的秘密;
  • 结论Lifext;

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历史:无脂营养和胆固醇康复


医学史上有许多秘密,乍一看似乎令人反感。胆固醇的发现也不例外。在18世纪中叶,法国医师  Francois Poulleter De La Salle  从胆结石中分离出  脂肪  -一种物质,有时使尸体在潮湿的环境中和没有空气的情况下转动。当时,它为胆固醇的发现铺平了道路,现在被用于法医检查:脂肪蜡的状态有助于确定造成人员死亡的原因以及大约何时死亡。


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[2]Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 26.4, Important Derivatives of Cholesterol Include Bile Salts and Steroid Hormones.
[3]Maxfield FR, van Meer G. Cholesterol, the central lipid of mammalian cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010;22(4):422–429. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.004
[4]Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins. [Updated 2018 Feb 2]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.
[5]Michael F. Holick, M.D., Ph.D. Vitamin D Deficiency N Engl J Med 2007; 357:266-281 DOI: 10.1056NEJMra07055
[6]Mohamad Navab, Susan Y. Hama, C. Justin Cooke, G. M. Anantharamaiah, Manjula Chaddha, Linda Jin, Ganesamoorthy Subbanagounder, Kym F. Faull, Srinivasa T. Reddy, Norman E. Miller, and Alan M. Fogelman
Normal high density lipoprotein inhibits three steps in the formation of mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein: step 1 J. Lipid Res. 2000 41:(9) 1481-1494
[7]Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Aug 14. Anatol Kontush, Sandrine Chantepie, and M. John Chapman Small, Dense HDL Particles Exert Potent Protection of Atherogenic LDL Against Oxidative Stress 1;23(10):1881-8. doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000091338.93223.E8
[8]Circ J. Annema W1, von Eckardstein A. High-density lipoproteins. Multifunctional but vulnerable protections from atherosclerosis. 2013;77(10):2432-48. Epub 2013 Sep 20. DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1025
[9] Thromb Haemost Nofer JR1, Tepel M, Kehrel B, Walter M, Seedorf U, Assmann G, Zidek W High density lipoproteins enhance the Na+/H+ antiport in human platelets 1996 Apr;75(4):635-41 PMID: 8743192
[10]Lipids and Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Ronald M. Krauss Diabetes Care Jun 2004, 27 (6) 1496-1504; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1496
[11]Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(32):2459–2472. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
[12] Birukov KG. Oxidized lipids: the two faces of vascular inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006;8:223–231
[13]Parthasarathy S, Raghavamenon A, Garelnabi MO, Santanam N. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;610:403–417. doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-029-8_24
[14]Abdullah SM1,2, Defina LF3, Leonard D3, Barlow CE3, Radford NB4, Willis BL3, Rohatgi A1, McGuire DK1, de Lemos JA1, Grundy SM1,2, Berry JD1, Khera A1. Long-Term Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals at Low 10-Year Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2018 Nov 20;138(21):2315-2325. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034273.
[15] DiNicolantonio JJ, Lucan SC, O'Keefe JH. The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;58(5):464–472. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.11.006
[16] WHO Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children 2015
[17] Micha R, Wallace SK, Mozaffarian D. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2271–2283. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.924977
[18]Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Gao P, et al. Lipid-related markers and cardiovascular disease prediction. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2499–2506. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6571
[19]Katz DL, Doughty K, Ali A. Cocoa and chocolate in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15(10):2779–2811. doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3697
[20]Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Trans fatty acids: effects on cardiometabolic health and implications for policy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008;79(3-5):147–152. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2008.09.008


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