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KleinComputer KC 85/4-过去的模块化

“哦，Z80的
世界为我们准备了许多精彩的发现。”


Z80处理器的确是独创性的，它使众多电子制造商进入家用计算机领域，而不仅仅是为系统提供了自己的选择。德国Robotron也不例外，它发布了个人计算机KC 85的产品系列（实际上是两个独立的产品），其中包括原始的KC 85/1（以KC 87型号的形式延续）以及三个KC85 / 2 ... KC型号85/4，尽管有名称，但不是KC 85/1的延续，而是一个单独的开发分支，甚至在另一家公司VEB MikroelektronikMühlhausen生产。


他们有趣的设计功能是最初在硬件和软件级别制定并支持的模块化设计。从本质上讲，这意味着从包含主机，键盘和显示器的基本配置开始，您可以添加其他单元和模块来增强系统的功能。但是稍后会更多。值得注意的是，尽管这个系统已经有35岁的历史了，但它保留了相当可观的文档（但是，不幸的是，几乎所有文档都是德语的）。



主要特征


- Z80 U880, 1,75 ( KC85/4 1,7735 ). , OUTI.


  • KC 85/2 16 , 16 ( IRM — Image Repetition Memory), 4 . (CAOS 2.1), , . , , .
  • KC 85/3 8 , . 3.1, .
  • KC 85/4 64 , 40 . 4.1.

( KC85/3, 4 ):


1 — ( — F000H)
2 —
3 — ( E000H)
4 — , -
5 —
6 —
7 —


:


10 —
11 —
12 — RGB
13 —


320256 16 8 — . 84 ( KC 85/4 — , 81 ). .



— , . — , RGB. — . , "TV-RGB — " "TV-RGB — SCART". - "" "".


, SCART , , . , , , MicroDOS ( — .).




, , -mini-jack ( 85/4 DIN 5). , , , . , , , :


  • BRK (BREAK) — , .
  • CLR (CLEAR) — BackSpace
  • F1..F6 — .
    U807.


( ) 600 2400 . LCR-C DATA, - ( 200 8 , , ). .


D004 .
( BASICODE — BASIC) -, IBM PC, — (Commodore, Atari ZX Spectrum).



Erika S3004 Robotron, IF 6000 (V24/RS232), IF 3000 ( Centronics). — , ( 100 ) . .


, Robotron K6304, Robotron K6311, K6312, K6313 and K6314, Prasident K6320/K6325, Soemtron K6319 Robotron K6418 ( 6415).



TV-RGB . .



, . 38025077 , .


D001, , . :



D002 (.. BUSDRIVER), 4 . ( ) 14- , .


D004 — U880 4 , 64 8 ( ) . 4- . RAM- 4 . 5,25" DD 800 .



, — D005. , , . , , .


, OUT IN .
, D003. , EPROM-, .


, 8 ( D001 + D002 + D004 + 4 )! , D004 , .



:


M001- . 8- PIO.
M003- V24. , .
M006KC85/2
M008
M010- 4
M01164
M02216
M0258 K5732 .
M026FORTH. M025 .
M027-
M029- 10 .
M036128

, , :


M035x44 SIMM-. , , RAM- D004
M031(-)
M052! USB- ( / ) ( TFTP).


U880D, Z80 64 , ( ""), .


KC85/4 :



0000H-7FFFH32 , , ( 85/2 85/3 4000H-7FFFH )
8000H-BFFFH64 ( 85/3 — 16 ), 32 , ( 85/3 — )
C000H-DFFFH8 ( 85/2 — )
E000H-FFFFH8 CAOS

.


— KC85/2, , 16 8 ( ). , ZX Spectrum, , — 84 . , ZX Spectrum 1,6 — 320256 .


2 — (pixel) 10240 (color) 2560 . 16 , .


, 1 , 0 — . 8 , , — .


— ( ) 2 . 256256 , — 64256. , 4 . :


                                     
    0.............255|256......319                0.............255|256......319
    ------------------------------                ------------------------------
  0|8000.........801F|A000....A007                A800.........A81F|B000....B007
  1|8080.........809F|A080....A087                
  2|8100.........811F|A100....A107                
  3|8180.........819F|A180....A187                
  4|8020.........803F|A020....A027                A820.........A83F|B020.....B027
  5|80A0.........80BF|A0A0....A0A7                
  6|8120.........813F|A120....A127                
  7|81A0.........81BF|A1A0....A1A7                
  8|8040.........805F|A040....A047                A840.........A85F|B040.....B047
  9|80C0.........80DF|A1C0....A1C7                
 10|8140.........815F|A140....A147                
 11|81C0.........81DF|A1C0....A1C7                
 12|8060.........807F|A060....A067                A860.........A87F|B060.....B067
 13|80E0.........80FF|A0E0....A0E7                
 14|8160.........817F|A160....A167                
 15|81E0.........81FF|A1E0....A1E7                
 16|8200.........821F|A008....A00F                A880.........A89F|B008.....B00F
..................................                ...............................
255|9FE0.........9FFF|A7F8....A7FF                AFE0.........AFFF|B1F8.....B1FF

:


  • 1..3 8
  • 4..7 16
  • 8

, , , - . , .


85/4 ! -, 84 , 81 . 4 — 10240 16 . -, . 4- , 0 2 10 , 1 3 ( 10 ) — .
— ( ) . 8000...80FF 8 256 , 8100...81FF — ..


, KC85/2 3 , KC85/4 ! .
, KC85/4 — .. HIRES. , (320256 ), 4- (, , ). , , CAOS, . (, , ) . .



, , ( ), , . 00H-1FH — — ( , ) 80H-9FH. 20-7FH A0H-FFH



CAOS (Cassette Aided Operating System), / , , / .


  • %BASIC — "" ( KC85/3).
  • %REBASIC — "" .
  • %MENU —
  • %SAVE ssss eeee [aaaa] — c ssss eeee aaaa.
  • %VERIFY —
  • %LOAD [nnn] [a]- nnn ( ) ( a )
  • %COLOR [n] [m] — n m
  • %MODIFY aaaa — aaaa
  • %DISPLAY ssss eeee — ssss eeee
  • %KEYLIST — , F1..F6
  • %KEY —

CAOS 4.1 :


  • %WINDOW —
  • %SYSTEM —
  • %V24OUT/V24DUP — V24
  • %CEN — Centronics-

D004 FORTH , : FLOAD, FSAVE, DIR, FORTH ( ), EDAS ( ).


128 , , , . , , .


%SWITCH


, 60 , 14 D002, D001 D004. , , 2 D002 ( 10-12 ). ( — ) . ( ) , .


, , , .


  • — . 0H, D004 — FH. , D002 1H EH ( ), , . D004, , .
  • — . D002 0H, 4H, 8H CH, D004 0H 4H, D001 — 8H CH. , : 08H, 0CH, 10H, 14H, 18H, 1CH, 20H, 24, 28H, 2CH .. F0H, F4H. , 00H, 01H, 02H , - .

(Structure Byte) — , , . , - , , . — . , . , M026 M027 ( ), , FBH. , , . , , . , , , , , .


CAOS SWITCH. , (, ).


, ( — ) .


:


  • 1 () — (0 — , 1 — )
  • 2 — (0 — , 1 — )
  • 3-8 — . , FBH 7 8 00 — 0000H, 01 — 4000H, 10 — 8000H, 11 — C000H. , 0000H — BFFFH ( -) ( ).

, 02H ( ):


  • SWITCH 02 00 —
  • SWITCH 02 01 —

00H ( ):


  • SWITCH 00 00 —
  • SWITCH 00 01 —
  • SWITCH 00 03 — / ()

, M026 M027, FBH, :


  • 00H —
  • 1H — C000H

%MODUL ( CAOS 4.1).


, M027 (-) 08 M036 (128 ) 0C. %MODUL FBH 78H 00 ( ).


, %MENU.


%SWITCH 08 C1 08 C000H. %MENU, (EDAS, REEDAS, DISASM ..), .


%SWITCH 08 00 .


CAOS.


, , , ( ). . , , "" :


  • 7F7FH (.. )
  • ASCII ( )
  • 00 01 (). 00 , - , 01 — .
  • , RET

( ), , .


, HELLO, 'HELLO, HABR!':


0200                          .ORG   200h   
0200   7F 7F                  DB   7Fh,7Fh   ;Magic Bytes
0202   48 45 4C 4C 4F         DB   "HELLO"   ; 
0207   01                     DB   01h   ; -  
0208   CD 03 F0               CALL   0xF003h   ;  
020B   23                     DB   23h   ; OSTR ( )
020C   48 45 4C 4C 4F 2C 20 48 41 42 52 21 DB   "HELLO, HABR!"   ;  
0218   0D 0A                  DB   0dh,0ah   
021A   00                     DB   0h   ; 
021B   C9                     RET


23H (STR). — , .
CAOS — MODIFY 200, . .


%MENU, — %HELLO, HELLO, HABR! CAOS.



( KC85/3) CAOS , , (HC-BASIC). , :


  • CLS, CLEAR, LET, PRINT, INPUT, REM, FOR..NEXT, IF...THEN, DEF ( ), RND ( ), RANDOMIZE, PAPER ( ), INK ( ), COLOR ( ), PSET, PRESET, CIRCLE, LINE, GOSUB, RETURN, ON...GOTO, DATA, READ, RESTORE, TRON, TROFF, STOP, BEEP, DIM, PEEK, POKE, OPEN, CLOSE, PRINT#, LIST#, INPUT#
  • NEW, LIST, AUTO, RENUMBER ( ), DELETE ( )
  • CLOAD, CSAVE (/ ), BLOAD ( ), PTEST ( ), WINDOW ( ), SOUND ( ), VPEEK, VPOKE ( -), DEEK, DOKE ( PEEK/POKE ), CALL, USR, SWITCH
  • (ASC, CHR, LEFT, MID, RIGHT ) (COS, SIN, LN, EXP)
    D004 HC-BASIC, , — BASI (BASic Interpreter) — BASC (BASic Compiler) — , .

(Pascal 880/S), , , - ( ) ( ).


KC-PASCAL, , K85/2..85/4. , . , , !
(Integer, Real, Char, Boolean), . - . " ".


C (HITEC-C), MicroDOS.


:


  • TPKC (TextProcessor KleinComputer). — WordPro
  • KALK
  • UniPic

MicroDOS


D004 MicroDOS ( CP/M 2.2 — , 100%), . — CAOS, D004 — MicroDOS.


:


  • 24 80 — , IBM PC. — 4 10 , - , . 7 9 — — . , - "PC-".
  • i8080, Z80 (, ).
  • MicroDOS , D004 , . 50 .. - (Transient Program Area).
  • D004 CCP (command interpreter) — , BDOS (basic system for disk management) — , BIOS (basic system for input/output control) — / FC00H — (Coupling RAM), D004. — CCP, BDOS BIOS ( ), , .
  • , . Coupling RAM, , , -.
  • , ( -), RAM- (A:).
  • , B:
  • (DEP — Diskette extension program) / .

!?


. , — . — . , , . , ( Boulder Dash, ) 99% — .


, KC85/3 ( — KC85/4) ZX Spectum, :


  • . 1,75 — 2 , ZX. , 3,5 Z80 — , . , , . .
  • . , , . — .
  • . .
  • . . 99% — , 100% — . . - - , ...

, 85 ( https://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/~kc-club/):








- — DIGGER, , Boulder Dash ( , ). . . , (-0010/01) ( ) , .



- . , Windows 10:





— , ( , ). U880 ( ), CAOS ( ) 8 U6164 ( 8 ) (). , .


5553 5555.


D004:



( ).



, 85/2… 85/4 — , — .



:


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