👩🏾‍🚀 🎫 🔀 使用模型工厂测试Laravel Web应用程序的技巧 ▫️ 👉🏽 💍

介绍

假设我们正在使用高于6的Laravel版本开发一个小型Web应用程序，并希望为其编写测试。

该文章的内容如下：

域说明

我们将建立一个在线商店，某些用户可以在其中下订单。从上面我们可以得到，主题区域的主要实体将是用户，订单和商品。用户与订单之间存在一对多的关系，即该用户可以有多个订单，并且该订单只有一个用户（该订单需要一个用户）。订单和商品之间存在多对多关系，因为商品可以处于不同的订单中，并且订单可以包含许多商品。为简单起见，我们忽略了产品，只关注用户和订单。

应用程式建立

Laravel应用程序使用application maker软件包非常容易构建。安装后，创建一个新应用程序适合一个命令：

laravel new shop

实体创建

, — . Laravel , . , . :

php artisan make:model Order -m -f

App/, database/migrations/ database/factories/.

. , . - :

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateOrdersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')
                ->onDelete('cascade');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('orders');
    }
}

. fillable :

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;

class Order extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['user_id'];

    /**
     * Relation to user
     * @return BelongsTo
     */
    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

. , , id.

<?php

/** @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory $factory */

use App\Order;
use App\User;
use Faker\Generator as Faker;

$factory->define(Order::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'user_id' => factory(User::class)->create()->id
    ];
});

, .

, Laravel PHPUnit . :

php artisan make:test OrderTest

tests/Feature/. RefreshDatabase.

№1.

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Order;
use App\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
use Tests\TestCase;

class OrderTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    /** @test */
    public function order_factory_can_create_order()
    {
        // When we use Order factory
        $order = factory(Order::class)->create();
        // Then we should have new Order::class instance
        $this->assertInstanceOf(Order::class, $order);
    }
}

№2.

/** @test */
public function order_should_have_user_relation()
{
    // When we use Order factory
    $order = factory(Order::class)->create();
    // Then we should have new Order::class instance with user relation
    $this->assertNotEmpty($order->user_id);
    $this->assertInstanceOf(User::class, $order->user);
}

№3. ,

/** @test */
public function we_can_provide_user_id_to_order_factory()
{
    // Given user
    $user = factory(User::class)->create();
    // When we use Order factory and provide user_id parameter
    $order = factory(Order::class)->create(['user_id' => $user->id]);
    // Then we should have new Order::class instance with provided user_id
    $this->assertEquals($user->id, $order->user_id);
}

, , . , , .

№4. ,

/** @test */
public function when_we_create_one_order_one_user_should_be_created()
{
    // Given user
    $user = factory(User::class)->create();
    // When we use Order factory and provide user_id parameter
    $order = factory(Order::class)->create(['user_id' => $user->id]);
    // Then we should have new Order::class instance with provided user_id
    $this->assertEquals($user->id, $order->user_id);
    // Let's check that system has one user in DB
    $this->assertEquals(1, User::count());
}

! , . ? .

, , — . , , . . , , . , .

, . PHP , n- — func_get_arg(), . , () Faker, — , create() . , , () . , , . :

$factory->define(Order::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    //    
    $passedArguments = func_get_arg(1);
    return [
        'user_id' => function () use ($passedArguments) {
            //    user_id,   
            if (! array_key_exists('user_id', $passedArguments)) {
                return factory(User::class)->create()->id;
            }
        }
    ];
});

№4 — !

这就是我要分享的全部。我经常遇到这样的问题，即在系统内部执行某些操作后必须控制实体的数量，而标准工厂实现并不能真正解决这个问题。

我很高兴听到您在Laravel或PHP中进行开发时使用的技巧。

使用模型工厂测试Laravel Web应用程序的技巧

介绍

域说明

应用程式建立

实体创建

More articles: