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用困难的方式开发一个简单的应用程序

大家好！


相对很久以前，学习写学期论文的任务就来了，我终于写了。为了使商品不会消失，我决定以文章的形式安排它（课程）。我希望这篇文章不仅对那些想涉足Web开发领域的人有用，而且对那些认为现代Web并不复杂以支付高薪的人有用。


因此，本课程的主题是：


开发程序“搜索”。该程序应在文本文件中搜索给定的单词。从键盘顺序输入单词。对于每个单词，应确定文本的出现次数和行号。如果指定的单词不在文件中，则程序应显示一条消息。

很长时间以来，我一直在开发各种SPA和PWA，但是不知何故不能碰到Electron。我想慢慢关闭MS Visual Studio，为什么不...


并且，让我们从开发人员工具开始。



现代软件是使用ISR（IDE） -集成开发环境开发的。这种开发环境使程序员可以在开发阶段中开发高质量的软件（软件），从交互式编写程序代码，编译，汇编和调试，自动启动测试到以方便且可全面自定义的其他开发人员工具结束。在ISR出现之前，即使是最简单的软件产品，开发也要花费大量时间。同时，发展质量也受到了影响。SRI主要旨在使开发过程自动化。技术和环境越复杂，它将越灵活和复杂。ISR及其本身可以实现的工具。


. . — Visual Studio Code, Microsoft Windows, Linux macOS. «» - . , Git, , IntelliSense . : , . , , . Visual Studio Code , …



- Visual Studio Code


– PhpStorm. - Web . JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA. PhpStorm PHP, HTML JavaScript , PHP JavaScript. PhpStorm PHP 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2 7.4 ( ), , , , , . SQL- .


, IntelliJ, .


"" PhpStorm , 7 .



– PhpStorm



1.


1.1


Electron — , , GitHub, HTML, CSS JavaScript. Electron Chromium Node.js , Mac, Windows Linux.


Electron 2013 Atom. 2014 . Electron , .


Chromium — , , . Chromium Google Chrome. Electron Chromium .


Node.js — , V8 ( JavaScript ), JavaScript . Node.js JavaScript - API ( C++), , , JavaScript-. Node.js , -, Node.js ( NW.js, AppJS Electron Linux, Windows macOS) (, tessel espruino). Node.js - ( ) /.


Electron Google Chrome – n- . .



Electron


Electron IPC.


IPC ( inter-process communication) — . , , IPC. , .


, IPC, :


  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • (RPC).

, - , . Electron', , API Node.js -, .


. , «». . .


"" . , , . , , . , , ( ) – npm (Node Package Manager), GitHub ( 2018 Microsoft).


Npm :


  • -;
  • (CLI);
  • .

(CLI), , .


, / , .
, .


1.2 /


:


  1. web Electron – ;
  2. , Electron.

() web . web .


, «»:


  • Webpack, webpack-cli, webpack-merge. Webpack – , () , , . , Webpack JavsScript-, CSS, , html- .
    Webpack — code splitting ( ). , .
  • @ babel/core – Babel.JS , javascript ES5 ES-2015+. babel/core — , .
  • @ babel/preset-env – @babel/core, , , . «babel/preset-env» .browserslistrc, . .
  • babel-plugin-prismjs – babel. PrismJS , , Prism.
  • babel-loader – Webpack. babel/core .
  • copy-webpack-plugin – Webpack. .
  • css-loader – Webpack. import url() import/require() (resolve) .
  • html-webpack-plugin – Webpack. html index Webpack’. , , , .
  • mini-css-extract-plugin – / Webpack. .css , .
  • null-loader – Webpack. "" , .
  • Pug, pug-loader, pug-plain-loader – Pug- , Haml JavaScript Node.js . pug-loader, pug-plain-loader – Webpack, , .
  • sass-loader – Webpack. sass (Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets) – CSS, CSS . sass-loader CSS pug.
  • style-loader – css css <style> Web .
  • vue-loader, vue-template-compiler – .vue, . vue-template-compiler Vue ( template) , .

, «»:


  • prismjs – Prism, , , -. -, , .
  • Vue – JavaScript Framework. Framework «». Framework Google — .
  • Vuex – , . Vuex . Vue , , . . — . , , .
  • vue-prism-editor – vue prismjs. prismjs, vue .
  • electron-find – node.js electron, , .

2. «»


2.1


«» Windows. . - OC ( ) .


. Node.JS. https://nodejs.org/ru/ . Node.JS npm (Node Package Manager) (CLI).


Node.JS , , :


npm init

:


  1. ;
  2. ;
  3. ;
  4. JavaScript ;
  5. ;
  6. Git ;
  7. , , npm;
  8. ;
  9. , , npm;

JSON.



npm .


, Enter. : package.json, .


, ( PhpStorm) , JSON .


package.json
{
  "name": "stext",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": " : :   «».         .     .           .      ,      ",
  "main": "main.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "start": "electron .",
    "dev": "webpack --mode=development --config webpack.dev.js --progress",
    "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js --env.F --mode=production --progress --hide-modules",
    "pack": "electron-builder --dir",
    "dist": "electron-builder"
  },
  "build": {
    "appId": "roman.gavrilow.ru.stext",
    "icon": "app/mainicon.png",
    "win": {
      "target": [
        {
          "target": "nsis",
          "arch": [
            "x64"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "author": "roman@gavrilow.ru",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.9.0",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.9.5",
    "babel-loader": "^8.1.0",
    "babel-plugin-prismjs": "^2.0.1",
    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^5.1.1",
    "css-loader": "^3.5.1",
    "electron": "^8.2.1",
    "electron-builder": "^22.4.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.4",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.9.0",
    "null-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "prismjs": "^1.20.0",
    "pug": "^2.0.4",
    "pug-loader": "^2.4.0",
    "pug-plain-loader": "^1.0.0",
    "sass-loader": "^8.0.2",
    "style-loader": "^1.1.3",
    "vue": "^2.6.11",
    "vue-loader": "^15.9.1",
    "vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.11",
    "vuex": "^3.1.3",
    "webpack": "^4.42.1",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.11",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.2.2"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "electron-find": "^1.0.6",
    "vue-prism-editor": "^0.5.1"
  }
}

package.json. :


"scripts"


  • "start": "electron .", Electron . , , , "main".
  • "dev": "webpack --mode=development --config webpack.dev.js --progress", . , .
  • "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js --env.F --mode=production --progress --hide-modules", , .
  • "pack": "electron-builder --dir", Electron «dist\» .
  • "dist": "electron-builder" — Electron , .

devDependencies dependencies , . 1.2


package.json , npm install npm. node_modules , , , , …


2.2


     2.2.1 .


Electron main package.json. "main.js".


:


const { app, BrowserWindow, globalShortcut, Menu, dialog } = require('electron');

  • app — Electron .
  • BrowserWindow – render .
  • globalShortcut – .
  • Menu – .
  • Dialog – .

. , . Electron. :


main.js
const { app, BrowserWindow, globalShortcut, Menu, dialog } = require('electron');

let win;

const isMac = process.platform === 'darwin';

function createWindow () {
    //   .
    win = new BrowserWindow({
        width: 800,
        height: 600,
        center: true,
        title: '   .   ..',
        icon: 'app/mainicon.png',
        webPreferences: {
            nodeIntegration: true
        }
    });

    //   index.html .
    win.loadFile('app/index.html');

    // ,      .
    //win.webContents.openDevTools();

    //    "focus",       
    //      Ctrl + F
    win.on('focus', () => {
        globalShortcut.register('CommandOrControl+F', function () {
            if (win && win.webContents) {
                //    "on-find"   .
                win.webContents.send('on-find')
            }
        })
    });

    //    "blur",        
    //       Ctrl + F
    win.on('blur', () => {
        globalShortcut.unregister('CommandOrControl+F')
    });

}

const template = [
    {
        label: '',
        submenu: [
            {
                label: '',
                click: async () => { //          ""
                    //      
                    let files = await dialog.showOpenDialog(win,{ properties: ['openFile'] });

                    if (win && win.webContents) {
                        //    "on-files-select"      .
                        await win.webContents.send('on-files-select', files)
                    }
                }
            },

            { type: 'separator' }, //  .
            isMac ? { role: 'close' } : { role: 'quit' } //      Electron
        ]
    },
    {
        label: '',
        submenu: [
            {
                label: '',
                click: async () => { //         ""
                    if (win && win.webContents) {
                        //    "on-find"   .
                        win.webContents.send('on-find')
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
];

app.whenReady().then(function(){
    createWindow();
});

app.on('will-quit', () => {
    //    .
    globalShortcut.unregisterAll()
});

const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template);
Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu);

Menu Menu.buildFromTemplate(template), template JSON JavaScript Object. "main.js". :


const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template);
Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu);


«»


     2.2.2 IPC.


, , Electron. , - render , IPC . Electron , , BrowserWindow:


win.webContents.send('on-find')
await win.webContents.send('on-files-select', files)

, «src/electron.js»


ipcRenderer.on('on-find', (e, args) => {

});

ipcRenderer.on('on-files-select', (e, args) => {

});

'on-find' – .
'on-files-select' – , , «». . , .


     2.2.3


«» Vue. -, Vue . (view), . , Vue (SPA, Single-Page Applications), .


Vue Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) . 2005 (John Gossman), Presentation Model. , Windows Presentation Foundation, Silverlight Microsoft.


MVVM MVC , , , « ». MVC/MVP , (. Controller) Presenter. WPF Silverlight « », . , MVC, - , MVC/MVP.


Vue . «». . , , :



Vue — , , Vue .


Vue , Webpack, (entry). JavaScript «.js». «src/main.js». Web , , (bundle).


, Webpack webpack.common.js, . Webpack :


  • webpack.common.js
  • webpack.dev.js
  • webpack.prod.js

Webpack , .


Vue, vue-prism-editor, 1.2 . ( ) «».


Vue 3 : , . . . “src/app.vue”. template lang="pug", vue-loader pug , pug html . , html.


<script> . Vue , (hooks) . , , , . «» created(), . , - “src/main.js”. (ON_SELECT_FILE) , IPC, Electron. IPC “on-files-select”


ON_SELECT_FILE . created() , , , , language, . language – . , prism-editor . , text. text , prism-editor , .


     2.3


Electron , Webpack’. 2 : development (webpack.dev.js) production (webpack.prod.js). webpack.dev.js webpack.prod.js webpack.common.js. , . "webpack-merge" npm. devDependencies «package.json». , , Webpack’ (. scripts «package.json».) Webpack’ : path: path.resolve(__dirname, './app'). development production , production : + js, css , , VueJS , (bundle) Webpack’.


development :


npm run dev

«/app».



, , .


"production" :


npm run build


«/app» Webpack .


2.4 «»


Electron :


npm start

"scripts" :


"start": "electron ."

«electron .» Electron «» , "main" «package.json»



     2.4.1


«». «main.js», .


, «» «» Ctrl+F.



, .
(. .). . , , / (1/2). "<" ">" .



, , "0/0".


     2.4.2


, . , , open source npm, API Electron. dependencies «package.json» 'electron-find'. «src/electron.js». Webpak’ . () ipc 'on-find', Electron Ctrl+F «». (. main.js)


2.5 «»


, - Web , « » . Electron Chromium, , , , Google Chrome. , (main.js), Electron, «Dev Tools». (render ):


win.webContents.openDevTools();

2.6 «»


, - , , . 'devDependencies 'electron-builder. 'electron-builder — Electron « ». 'electron-builder «package.json». 64- Windows:


  "build": {
    "appId": "roman.gavrilow.ru.stext",
    "icon": "app/mainicon.png",
    "win": {
      "target": [
        {
          "target": "nsis",
          "arch": [
            "x64"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },

:



, :


npm run dist

.



. :


npm run pack


«dist/win-unpacked» .



web (), Webpack «/app», . , electron-builder «» () .asar resources. tar- , . Electron .


Electron API: Node API, Node.js Web API, Chromium. API asar:


  • Node API: Electron Node API, , fs.readFile require asar , — .
  • Web API: - file:. Node API, asar , :
    let response = await this.$http.get('file:///path/to/example.asar/file.txt', parms);

«.asar» , , , original-fs, fs asar:


const originalFs = require('original-fs');
originalFs.readFileSync('/path/to/example.asar');


«» Web , , - , . – Electron (Chromium). (50 ; 180 – ),



Electron , ( Skype). , ( (IDE) — Visual Studio Code).


.


«» , , , , .


, Ctrl+F .


, - , Electron . … «» , . .


, , . , , C++ C++ QT. web , , , C++ , Web , , GET POST . , , , .


也许将来，通过对Chromium进行一定的改进，我们将能够启动Electron应用程序，这些应用程序在已经运行的Google Chrome浏览器主进程的单独扩展沙箱中运行，并且我们仅需要启动一个渲染进程，从而节省了RAM和具有最小的电子应用程序本身的大小，将不再包含完整的铬。


GitHub项目：https :
//github.com/gewisser/SText



词汇表
№ /
1(IDE).
2
3, , , , .
4()
5(Framework), ; , .
6, .
7.
8
9, .
10, .
11.
12-, HTTP- , -, HTTP-, , HTML-, , , - .
13-, — (, ), , (, ).
14, . , .
15, . , , , .
16IPC ( inter-process communication).
17, .
18, , .
19( ),
20, , , .
21WebpackWebpack .
22WebpackWebpack .
23, html- html-
24, (, )
25́, , ,
26, . , , , , .
27JSONJavaScript Object Notation — , , . JavaScript, ECMA-262 3rd Edition — December 1999.
28(hooks), .
29Vue .
30webWeb , .
31APIApplication Programming Interface — , .
32, .

使用的资料清单
№
1https://ru.wikipedia.org/
2https://www.electronjs.org/docs
3https://nodejs.org/en/docs/
4https://www.npmjs.com/
5https://webpack.js.org/
6https://github.com/survivejs/webpack-merge
7https://babeljs.io/
8https://pugjs.org/
9https://sass-lang.com/
10https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/
11https://vuex.vuejs.org/ru/
12https://prismjs.com/
13https://github.com/koca/vue-prism-editor

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