Get best of the week

部署ASA VPN负载平衡群集

在本文中，我将提供有关如何快速部署基于AnyConnect和Cisco ASA - VPN负载平衡群集的最具扩展性的远程访问VPN访问方案的分步说明。


简介：鉴于当前使用COVID-19的环境，世界上许多公司都在努力将其员工转移到远程模式。由于向远程工作的大规模过渡，公司现有VPN网关上的负载急剧增加，因此需要非常快速的扩展能力。另一方面，许多公司被迫从头开始学习远程工作之类的东西。


为了帮助企业尽快为员工实施方便，安全和可扩展的VPN访问，Cisco为AnyConnect多功能SSL-VPN客户端提供了长达13周的许可证。您也可以从授权合作伙伴处进行ASAv进行测试（用于VMWare / Hyper-V / KVM虚拟机管理程序和AWS / Azure云平台的虚拟ASA）或与您的Cisco代表联系。


此处介绍AnyConnect COVID-19许可证的发行过程。


我为一个简单的VPN部署选项准备了分步说明，该选项用于将群集负载平衡为最具扩展性的VPN技术。


从所使用的身份验证和授权算法的角度来看，以下示例将非常简单，但是对于快速入门（现在非常缺乏），它是一个不错的选择，它可以在部署过程中深度适应您的需求。


简介： VPN负载平衡群集技术不是故障转移，并且从本质上讲也不是群集功能，该技术可以结合完全不同的ASA模型（具有某些限制）以平衡远程访问VPN连接的负载。在这样的群集的节点之间不会进行会话和配置的同步，但是可以自动平衡VPN连接的负载并确保VPN连接的容错能力，直到群集中至少有一个活动节点为止。群集中的负载会根据节点的负载（通过VPN会话数）自动进行平衡。


( ) , , Primary . Load-Balancing , , , . .


VPN Load-Balancing .


VPN Load-Balancing ASA 5512-X .


ASA VPN Load-Balancing , .



:



:


  1. ASAv (ASAv5/10/30/50).


  2. INSIDE/OUTSIDE VLAN (Outside VLAN, INSIDE , . ), L2 .


  3. :


    • ASAv 100/.
    • Smart-Account: https://software.cisco.com/ -> Smart Software Licensing
    • New Token
    • , Allow export-controlled functionality… VPN. , - .
    • Create Token, , ASAv, :
    • C,D,E ASAv.
    • , telnet. ASA ( ASA-1). telnet outside , , security-level 100 outside, .
      !
ciscoasa# conf t
!
ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/0
ciscoasa(config)# nameif outside
ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.31.30 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa(config)# no shut
!
ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/1
ciscoasa(config)# nameif inside
ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa(config)# no shut
!
ciscoasa(config)# telnet 0 0 inside
ciscoasa(config)# username admin password cisco priv 15
ciscoasa(config)# ena password cisco
ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
!
ciscoasa(config)# route outside 0 0 192.168.31.1
!
ciscoasa(config)# wr
!
    • Smart-Account ASA, .
      , ASA :
      • HTTPS ;
      • ( NTP);
      • DNS ;
    • telnet ASA Smart-Account.

    !
ciscoasa# conf t
!
ciscoasa(config)# clock set 19:21:00 Mar 18 2020
ciscoasa(config)# clock timezone MSK 3
ciscoasa(config)# ntp server 192.168.99.136
!
ciscoasa(config)# dns domain-lookup outside
ciscoasa(config)# DNS server-group DefaultDNS
ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# name-server 192.168.99.132 
!
!   DNS:
!
ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# ping ya.ru
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 87.250.250.242, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
!
!   NTP:
!
ciscoasa(config)# show ntp associations 
  address         ref clock     st  when  poll reach  delay  offset    disp
*~192.168.99.136   91.189.94.4       3    63    64    1    36.7    1.85    17.5
* master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured
!
!    ASAv  Smart-Licensing (    ,    100  )
!
ciscoasa(config)# license smart
ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# feature tier standard
ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# throughput level 100M
!
!              :
!call-home
!  http-proxy ip_address port port
!
!       Smart-Account  (<token>)   
!
ciscoasa(config)# end
ciscoasa# license smart register idtoken <token>

    • :


  4. SSL-VPN


    • SSH ASDM:


      !
ciscoasa# conf t
ciscoasa(config)# ssh ver 2
ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication http console LOCAL
ciscoasa(config)# hostname vpn-demo-1
vpn-demo-1(config)# domain-name ashes.cc
vpn-demo-1(config)# cry key gen rsa general-keys modulus 4096 
vpn-demo-1(config)# ssh 0 0 inside  
vpn-demo-1(config)# http 0 0 inside
!
!   HTTPS  ASDM   445     SSL-VPN 
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# http server enable 445 
!

    • ASDM cisco.com, :


    • AnyConnect ASA ( Linux/Windows/MAC) Headend Deployment Package :


    • , , FTP ASA:


    • ASDM VPN- SSL-VPN ( ). FQDN (vpn-demo.ashes.cc), FQDN DNS IP OUTSIDE ( mapped , udp/443 (DTLS) tcp/443(TLS)). Certificate Verification .


      • Self-Signed ( )
        !
vpn-demo-1(config)# asdm image flash:/asdm-7131.bin
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ca trustpoint SELF
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment self
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn vpn-demo.ashes.cc
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name cn=*.ashes.cc, ou=ashes-lab, o=ashes, c=ru
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# serial-number             
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# crl configure
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-crl)# cry ca enroll SELF
% The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: vpn-demo.ashes.cc
Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
vpn-demo-1(config)# 
vpn-demo-1(config)# ssl trust-point SELF
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# sh cry ca certificates 
Certificate
Status: Available
Certificate Serial Number: 4d43725e
Certificate Usage: General Purpose
Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
Signature Algorithm: SHA256 with RSA Encryption
Issuer Name: 
serialNumber=9A439T02F95
hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
cn=*.ashes.cc
ou=ashes-lab
o=ashes
c=ru
Subject Name:
serialNumber=9A439T02F95
hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
cn=*.ashes.cc
ou=ashes-lab
o=ashes
c=ru
Validity Date: 
start date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 19 2020
end   date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 17 2030
Storage: config
Associated Trustpoints: SELF 
CA Certificate
Status: Available
Certificate Serial Number: 0509
Certificate Usage: General Purpose
Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
Signature Algorithm: SHA1 with RSA Encryption
Issuer Name: 
cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
o=QuoVadis Limited
c=BM
Subject Name: 
cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
o=QuoVadis Limited
c=BM
Validity Date: 
start date: 21:27:00 MSK Nov 24 2006
end   date: 21:23:33 MSK Nov 24 2031
Storage: config
Associated Trustpoints: _SmartCallHome_ServerCA
      • , CA:
        • TrustPoint:
          !
vpn-demo-1(config)# asdm image flash:/asdm-7131.bin
!
vpn-demo-1# conf t
vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ca trustpoint ashes-ca
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)#  enrollment terminal
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)#  fqdn vpn-demo.ashes.cc
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)#  subject-name cn=*.ashes.cc, ou=ashes-lab, o$
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)#  serial-number
vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)#  crl configure
!
        • Trustpoint, ROOT CA:

        • ASA :
        • CSR VPN-:
        • CA CSR:
        • , :
        • ASA:
        • root-ca:
        • SSL TrustPoint:
          !
vpn-demo-1(config)# ssl trust-point ashes-ca
!

    • ASDM , :


    • :


      • , ( , . , split-tunnel-policy tunnelall . Split-Tunnel VPN )
      • 192.168.20.0/24 ( 10 30 ( #1)). VPN .
      • ASA ( , ), LDAP/RADIUS, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Cisco DUO.
        !
vpn-demo-1(config)# http redirect outside 80
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# ip local pool vpn-pool 192.168.20.10-192.168.20.30 mask 255.255.255.0
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# access-list split-tunnel standard permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY internal
vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY attributes
vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# vpn-tunnel-protocol ssl-client 
vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-network-list value split-tunnel
vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# dns-server value 192.168.99.132
vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# default-domain value ashes.cc
vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  default-group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY
vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  address-pool vpn-pool
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov password cisco
vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov attributes
vpn-demo-1(config-username)# service-type remote-access
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# webvpn
vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  enable outside
vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-4.8.03036-webdeploy-k9.pkg
vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect enable
!

    • (): , , . , RADIUS , Cisco Identity Services Engine:


      !
vpn-demo-1(config)# aaa-server RADIUS protocol radius
vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# dynamic-authorization
vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# interim-accounting-update
vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# aaa-server RADIUS (outside) host 192.168.99.134
vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# key cisco
vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# exit
vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)# authentication-server-group  RADIUS 
!

      AD, AD, .


    • Transparent NAT :


      !
vpn-demo-1(config)# object network vpn-users
vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)#  subnet 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-users vpn-users no-proxy-arp

    • (): ASA ( tunnelall ) PAT, OUTSIDE,


      !
vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)# nat (outside,outside) source dynamic vpn-users interface
vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source dynamic any interface
vpn-demo-1(config)# same-security-traffic permit intra-interface 
!

    • ASA , /32 , .
      , VPN , FQDN IP.

      ASA:

      VPN , , OSPF:


      !
vpn-demo-1(config)# access-list VPN-REDISTRIBUTE standard permit 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE permit 1
vpn-demo-1(config-route-map)#  match ip address VPN-REDISTRIBUTE
!
vpn-demo-1(config)# router ospf 1
vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  network 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  log-adj-changes
vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  redistribute static metric 5000 subnets route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE

      ASA-2 , VPN , , , VPN :



  5. Load-Balancing .
    192.168.31.40 Virtual IP ( VIP — VPN ), Master REDIRECT . DNS /FQDN , VIP.


    !
vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ikev1 enable inside
vpn-demo-1(config)# vpn load-balancing
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbpublic outside
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbprivate inside
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# priority 10
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster ip address 192.168.31.40
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# redirect-fqdn enable
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster key cisco
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster encryption
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 9023
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# participate
vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)#

    • :
    • AnyConnect ASDM.

      :

      AnyConnect , :

      , ASDM ASA, ASA .


: , VPN . , ASAv ASA. AnyConnect Posture ( ), Identity Services Engine.

More articles:


All Articles