这篇文章是关于什么的？
在本文中，我将谈论我如何参加第一场（两场）区块链电报比赛，但没有获得奖金并决定在文章中记录经验，以免遗忘并可能帮助他人。
由于我不想编写抽象代码，而是想做点工作，因此，对于本文，我写了一个智能合约，即开型彩票和一个站点，该站点直接从TON显示智能合约数据，而无需使用中间存储。
对于那些想在TON签第一个智能合约但不知道从哪里开始的人来说，本文将是有用的。
我将以彩票为例，从建立环境到发布智能合约，与之互动以及编写网站来接收和发布数据的过程。
关于参加比赛
去年10月，Telegram宣布了使用新语言Fift和的区块链竞赛FunC。有必要选择编写五个拟议的智能合约中的任何一个。我认为做一些不同寻常的事情，学习一种语言并做一些事情会很好，即使将来您不必写其他任何东西。另外，这个话题经常被听到。
值得一说的是，我没有开发智能合约的经验。
我计划参加直到最后，到目前为止，事实证明是这样，在写了一篇评论文章之后，但是我在第一阶段就立即参与其中。我写了一个多签名的钱包FunC，它通常可以用。基于Solidity的智能合约。
那时，我算了一下，至少要获得一些奖金，这绝对够了。结果，在60位参与者中，大约有40位成为了赢家，而我却不在其中。一般来说，这没关系，但是有一件事困扰着我。在宣布结果时，还没有对我的合同的测试进行审查，我问了聊天中的参与者是否还有其他人，没有。
在我看来，两天后，法官们注意到我的信息，但发表了评论，但我仍然不明白，他们在评审过程中无意中错过了我的聪明合同，或者只是觉得这很糟糕以至于不需要评论。我在比赛页面上问了一个问题，但没有收到答复。尽管谁判断不是秘密，但他认为没有必要写个人信息。
, . , .
- TON
- . , - -.
- FunC Fift, Fift- TON Virtual Machine (TVM). . .
, TVM Fift . .
- — FunC. , - - , - . .
- FunC, Fift-.
- . Fift, - , .boc ( "bag of cells"), , , , -.
-, .
TON , - , .
- TON .boc - ( ). - , (, -) (, - TON).
, , . , . -, Fift FunC , .
Telegram-, Telegram , Fift FunC. .
.
TON
MacOS Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Docker.
lite-client , TON.
. . Ubuntu ( MacOS brew).
apt -y install git
apt -y install wget
apt -y install cmake
apt -y install g++
apt -y install zlib1g-dev
apt -y install libssl-dev
lite-client, Fift FunC.
TON . ~/TON.
cd ~/TON
git clone https://github.com/ton-blockchain/ton.git
cd ./ton
git submodule update --init --recursive
Fift FunC.
. ~/TON/ton. ~/TON build .
mkdir ~/TON/build
cd ~/TON/build
cmake ../ton
- lite-client, Fift FunC, . .
cmake --build . --target lite-client
cmake --build . --target fift
cmake --build . --target func
lite-client .
wget https://test.ton.org/ton-lite-client-test1.config.json
TON
lite-client.
cd ~/TON/build
./lite-client/lite-client -C ton-lite-client-test1.config.json
, .
[ 1][t 2][1582054822.963129282][lite-client.h:201][!testnode] conn ready
[ 2][t 2][1582054823.085654020][lite-client.cpp:277][!testnode] server version is 1.1, capabilities 7
[ 3][t 2][1582054823.085725069][lite-client.cpp:286][!testnode] server time is 1582054823 (delta 0)
...
help .
help
, .
list of available commands:
last Get last block and state info from server
sendfile <filename> Load a serialized message from <filename> and send it to server
getaccount <addr> [<block-id-ext>] Loads the most recent state of specified account; <addr> is in [<workchain>:]<hex-or-base64-addr> format
runmethod <addr> [<block-id-ext>] <method-id> <params>... Runs GET method <method-id> of account <addr> with specified parameters
last .
sendfile <filename> TON , - .
getaccount <addr> - .
runmethod <addr> [<block-id-ext>] <method-id> <params> get- .
-.
, - .
, , - N , 2 * N . 40%. , .
, . -, TON.
-
FunC, Visual Studio Code, -, . - Fift, VSC.
.
- , . TON.
- . , recv_external() , TON, lite-client. , recv_internal() TON - . .
, , .
() recv_internal(slice in_msg) impure {
;; TODO: implementation
}
() recv_external(slice in_msg) impure {
;; TODO: implementation
}
slice. TON Blockchain TVM cell cell, 1023 4 .
TVM cell slice slice cell , . , - slice recv_external() recv_internal().
impure — , , -.
lottery-code.fc .
~/TON/build/crypto/func -APSR -o lottery-compiled.fif ~/TON/ton/crypto/smartcont/stdlib.fc ./lottery-code.fc
~/TON/build/crypto/func -help
Fift- lottery-compiled.fif.
// lottery-compiled.fif
"Asm.fif" include
// automatically generated from `/Users/rajymbekkapisev/TON/ton/crypto/smartcont/stdlib.fc` `./lottery-code.fc`
PROGRAM{
DECLPROC recv_internal
DECLPROC recv_external
recv_internal PROC:<{
// in_msg
DROP //
}>
recv_external PROC:<{
// in_msg
DROP //
}>
}END>c
, .
, Asm.fif, Fift Fift-.
- lottery-test-suite.fif , - code, :
"TonUtil.fif" include
"Asm.fif" include
PROGRAM{
DECLPROC recv_internal
DECLPROC recv_external
recv_internal PROC:<{
// in_msg
DROP //
}>
recv_external PROC:<{
// in_msg
DROP //
}>
}END>s constant code
, , TVM.
0 tuple 0x076ef1ea , // magic
0 , 0 , // actions msg_sents
1570998536 , // unix_time
1 , 1 , 3 , // block_lt, trans_lt, rand_seed
0 tuple 100000000000000 , dictnew , , // remaining balance
0 , dictnew , // contract_address, global_config
1 tuple // wrap to another tuple
constant c7
0 constant recv_internal // to run recv_internal()
-1 constant recv_external // to invoke recv_external()
c7 , TVM ( ). c7 . rand_seed , .
recv_internal recv_external 0 -1 -.
-. lottery-test-suite.fif.
storage cell, -.
message , - . .
variable storage
<b b> storage !
variable message
<b b> message !
TVM runvmctx .
message @
recv_external
code
storage @
c7
runvmctx
Fift.
.
export FIFTPATH=~/TON/ton/crypto/fift/lib //
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s lottery-test-suite.fif
.
execute SETCP 0
execute DICTPUSHCONST 19 (xC_,1)
execute DICTIGETJMPZ
execute DROP
execute implicit RET
[ 3][t 0][1582281699.325381279][vm.cpp:479] steps: 5 gas: used=304, max=9223372036854775807, limit=9223372036854775807, credit=0
, - .
-
. , recv_external().
. ,
, , . , , .
. . - 0. - . -, . , - 1.
lottery-test-suite.fif . , . , 166, 165.
<b 166 32 u, b> storage !
<b 165 32 u, b> message !
message @
recv_external
code
storage @
c7
runvmctx
drop
exit_code !
."Exit code " exit_code @ . cr
exit_code @ 33 - abort"Test #2 Not passed"
.
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s lottery-test-suite.fif
.
[ 1][t 0][1582283084.210902214][words.cpp:3046] lottery-test-suite.fif:67: abort": Test #2 Not passed
[ 1][t 0][1582283084.210941076][fift-main.cpp:196] Error interpreting file `lottery-test-suite.fif`: error interpreting included file `lottery-test-suite.fif` : lottery-test-suite.fif:67: abort": Test #2 Not passed
lottery-test-suite.fif .
- lottery-code.fc.
() recv_internal(slice in_msg) impure {
;; TODO: implementation
}
() recv_external(slice in_msg) impure {
if (slice_empty?(in_msg)) {
return ();
}
int msg_seqno = in_msg~load_uint(32);
var ds = begin_parse(get_data());
int stored_seqno = ds~load_uint(32);
throw_unless(33, msg_seqno == stored_seqno);
}
slice in_msg , .
, , .
. in_msg~load_uint(32) 32- unsigned int 165 .
32 -. , , . , , .
.
~/TON/build/crypto/func -APSR -o lottery-compiled.fif ~/TON/ton/crypto/smartcont/stdlib.fc ./lottery-code.fc
lottery-test-suite.fif, . , .
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s lottery-test-suite.fif
.
, - . , , "include".
build.sh .
#!/bin/bash
~/TON/build/crypto/func -SPA -R -o lottery-compiled.fif ~/TON/ton/crypto/smartcont/stdlib.fc ./lottery-code.fc
.
chmod +x ./build.sh
, , lottery-compiled.fif. code.
sh , lottery-compiled-for-test.fif . lottery-test-suite.fif.
# copy and change for test
cp lottery-compiled.fif lottery-compiled-for-test.fif
sed '$d' lottery-compiled-for-test.fif > test.fif
rm lottery-compiled-for-test.fif
mv test.fif lottery-compiled-for-test.fif
echo -n "}END>s constant code" >> lottery-compiled-for-test.fif
, lottery-compiled-for-test.fif, lottery-test-suite.fif.
lottery-test-suite.fif "lottery-compiled-for-test.fif" include.
, , .
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s lottery-test-suite.fif
, , test.sh, build.sh, .
touch test.sh
chmod +x test.sh
test.sh.
./build.sh
echo "\nCompilation completed\n"
export FIFTPATH=~/TON/ton/crypto/fift/lib
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s lottery-test-suite.fif
, .
./test.sh
, test.sh . .
, .
build lottery-compiled.fif, lottery-compiled-for-test.fif. test lottery-test-suite.fif . .
-.
, , , . .
-. .
`seqno` 32- .
`pubkey` 256- , , , .
`order_seqno` 32- .
`number_of_wins` 32- .
`incoming_amount` Gram ( 4 ), , .
`outgoing_amount` , .
`owner_wc` , 32- ( , 8- ) . -1 0.
`owner_account_id` 256- , .
`orders` , .
. pack_state(), -. , unpack_state() .
_ pack_state(int seqno, int pubkey, int order_seqno, int number_of_wins, int incoming_amount, int outgoing_amount, int owner_wc, int owner_account_id, cell orders) inline_ref {
return begin_cell()
.store_uint(seqno, 32)
.store_uint(pubkey, 256)
.store_uint(order_seqno, 32)
.store_uint(number_of_wins, 32)
.store_grams(incoming_amount)
.store_grams(outgoing_amount)
.store_int(owner_wc, 32)
.store_uint(owner_account_id, 256)
.store_dict(orders)
.end_cell();
}
_ unpack_state() inline_ref {
var ds = begin_parse(get_data());
var unpacked = (ds~load_uint(32), ds~load_uint(256), ds~load_uint(32), ds~load_uint(32), ds~load_grams(), ds~load_grams(), ds~load_int(32), ds~load_uint(256), ds~load_dict());
ds.end_parse();
return unpacked;
}
-. .
set_data() pack_state() -.
cell packed_state = pack_state(arg_1, .., arg_n);
set_data(packed_state);
.
, ( , ).
- . , , .
/ test/keys/owner.pk. Fift .
`newkeypair` .
`drop` ( )
`.s`
`"owner.pk" B>file` `owner.pk`.
`bye` Fift.
keys test .
mkdir test/keys
cd test/keys
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -i
newkeypair
ok
.s
BYTES:128DB222CEB6CF5722021C3F21D4DF391CE6D5F70C874097E28D06FCE9FD6917 BYTES:DD0A81AAF5C07AAAA0C7772BB274E494E93BB0123AA1B29ECE7D42AE45184128
drop
ok
"owner.pk" B>file
ok
bye
owner.pk. , , .
. . file>B owner_private_key. priv>pub owner_public_key.
variable owner_private_key
variable owner_public_key
"./keys/owner.pk" file>B owner_private_key !
owner_private_key @ priv>pub owner_public_key !
.
-. , pack_state() storage.
variable owner_private_key
variable owner_public_key
variable orders
variable owner_wc
variable owner_account_id
"./keys/owner.pk" file>B owner_private_key !
owner_private_key @ priv>pub owner_public_key !
dictnew orders !
0 owner_wc !
0 owner_account_id !
<b 0 32 u, owner_public_key @ B, 0 32 u, 0 32 u, 0 Gram, 0 Gram, owner_wc @ 32 i, owner_account_id @ 256 u, orders @ dict, b> storage !
, .
, , .
variable message_to_sign
variable message_to_send
variable signature
<b 0 32 u, b> message_to_sign !
message_to_sign @ hashu owner_private_key @ ed25519_sign_uint signature !
<b signature @ B, 0 32 u, b> <s message_to_send !
, , - message_to_send, hashu, ed25519_sign_uint Fift.
.
message_to_send @
recv_external
code
storage @
c7
runvmctx
.
, -, .
512 , 32 .
- .
. - , .
var signature = in_msg~load_bits(512);
var message = in_msg;
int msg_seqno = message~load_uint(32);
(int stored_seqno, int pubkey, int order_seqno, int number_of_wins, int incoming_amount, int outgoing_amount, int owner_wc, int owner_account_id, cell orders) = unpack_state();
throw_unless(33, msg_seqno == stored_seqno);
throw_unless(34, check_signature(slice_hash(in_msg), signature, pubkey));
.
, . , , . , .
-. .
, . not-owner.pk. . , . .
-. recv_external() .
, . . .
. , , - . , action 7- , , .
<b 0 32 u, 1 @ 7 u, new_owner_wc @ 32 i, new_owner_account_id @ 256 u, b> message_to_sign !
storage Fift. Fift. . , .
. - message, action. , action: . .
, . - , 7 , . action. , . . .
. . , . .
. . -.
int balance() inline_ref method_id {
return get_balance().pair_first();
}
-. -.
() send_grams(int wc, int addr, int grams) impure {
;; int_msg_info$0 ihr_disabled:Bool bounce:Bool bounced:Bool src:MsgAddress -> 011000
cell msg = begin_cell()
;; .store_uint(0, 1) ;; 0 <= format indicator int_msg_info$0
;; .store_uint(1, 1) ;; 1 <= ihr disabled
;; .store_uint(1, 1) ;; 1 <= bounce = true
;; .store_uint(0, 1) ;; 0 <= bounced = false
;; .store_uint(4, 5) ;; 00100 <= address flags, anycast = false, 8-bit workchain
.store_uint (196, 9)
.store_int(wc, 8)
.store_uint(addr, 256)
.store_grams(grams)
.store_uint(0, 107) ;; 106 zeroes + 0 as an indicator that there is no cell with the data.
.end_cell();
send_raw_message(msg, 3); ;; mode, 2 for ignoring errors, 1 for sender pays fees, 64 for returning inbound message value
}
- . . , . , .
int amount_to_send = message~load_grams();
throw_if(36, amount_to_send + 500000000 > balance());
accept_message();
send_grams(owner_wc, owner_account_id, amount_to_send);
set_data(pack_state(stored_seqno + 1, pubkey, order_seqno, number_of_wins, incoming_amount, outgoing_amount, owner_wc, owner_account_id, orders));
- . , .
, - . - , accept_message().
-
. .
. - -.
, 32- workchain 256- workchain. , -1 12345, .
TonUtil.fif.
// ( wc addr fname -- ) Save address to file in 36-byte format
{ -rot 256 u>B swap 32 i>B B+ swap B>file } : save-address
, , Fift. Fift .
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -i
-1, 12345 "sender.addr":
-1 12345 "sender.addr"
-rot, , , -:
"sender.addr" -1 12345
256 u>B 256- .
"sender.addr" -1 BYTES:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003039
swap .
"sender.addr" BYTES:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003039 -1
32 i>B 32- .
"sender.addr" BYTES:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003039 BYTES:FFFFFFFF
B+ .
"sender.addr" BYTES:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003039FFFFFFFF
swap.
BYTES:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003039FFFFFFFF "sender.addr"
B>file , , . . Fift. sender.addr. test/addresses/.
, -. .
.
, , bounced , bounced, . bounced , - . , .
, , , .
, - .
. pack_order(), unpack_order(), remove_old_orders().
, , , orders.
-.
3 1/3 -.
, .
() recv_internal(int order_amount, cell in_msg_cell, slice in_msg) impure {
var cs = in_msg_cell.begin_parse();
int flags = cs~load_uint(4); ;; int_msg_info$0 ihr_disabled:Bool bounce:Bool bounced:Bool
if (flags & 1) { ;; ignore bounced
return ();
}
if (order_amount < 500000000) { ;; just receive grams without changing state
return ();
}
slice src_addr_slice = cs~load_msg_addr();
(int src_wc, int src_addr) = parse_std_addr(src_addr_slice);
(int stored_seqno, int pubkey, int order_seqno, int number_of_wins, int incoming_amount, int outgoing_amount, int owner_wc, int owner_account_id, cell orders) = unpack_state();
orders = remove_old_orders(orders, order_seqno);
if (balance() < 2 * order_amount + 500000000) { ;; not enough grams to pay the bet back, so this is re-fill
builder order = pack_order(order_seqno, 1, now(), order_amount, src_wc, src_addr);
orders~udict_set_builder(32, order_seqno, order);
set_data(pack_state(stored_seqno, pubkey, order_seqno + 1, number_of_wins, incoming_amount + order_amount, outgoing_amount, owner_wc, owner_account_id, orders));
return ();
}
if (rand(10) >= 4) {
builder order = pack_order(order_seqno, 3, now(), order_amount, src_wc, src_addr);
orders~udict_set_builder(32, order_seqno, order);
set_data(pack_state(stored_seqno, pubkey, order_seqno + 1, number_of_wins, incoming_amount + order_amount, outgoing_amount, owner_wc, owner_account_id, orders));
if (order_amount > 3000000000) {
send_grams(owner_wc, owner_account_id, order_amount / 3);
}
return ();
}
send_grams(src_wc, src_addr, 2 * order_amount);
builder order = pack_order(order_seqno, 2, now(), order_amount, src_wc, src_addr);
orders~udict_set_builder(32, order_seqno, order);
set_data(pack_state(stored_seqno, pubkey, order_seqno + 1, number_of_wins + 1, incoming_amount, outgoing_amount + 2 * order_amount, owner_wc, owner_account_id, orders));
}
. .
-
-, ( ).
-. - .
, , -. . 1/3 .
- TON
-. requests.
, .
. - . -, TON. . - -, . .
lottery-query.boc .
~/TON/build/crypto/fift -s requests/new-lottery.fif 0
: lottery.addr, lottery.pk.
-.
new wallet address = 0:044910149dbeaf8eadbb2b28722e7d6a2dc6e264ec2f1d9bebd6fb209079bc2a
(Saving address to file lottery.addr)
Non-bounceable address (for init): 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd
Bounceable address (for later access): kQAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8KpFY
TON.
$ ./lite-client/lite-client -C ton-lite-client-test1.config.json
getaccount 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd
, .
account state is empty
0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd 2 . , - , .
> last
> getaccount 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd
, - (state:account_uninit) 2 000 000 000 .
account state is (account
addr:(addr_std
anycast:nothing workchain_id:0 address:x044910149DBEAF8EADBB2B28722E7D6A2DC6E264EC2F1D9BEBD6FB209079BC2A)
storage_stat:(storage_info
used:(storage_used
cells:(var_uint len:1 value:1)
bits:(var_uint len:1 value:103)
public_cells:(var_uint len:0 value:0)) last_paid:1583257959
due_payment:nothing)
storage:(account_storage last_trans_lt:3825478000002
balance:(currencies
grams:(nanograms
amount:(var_uint len:4 value:2000000000))
other:(extra_currencies
dict:hme_empty))
state:account_uninit))
x{C00044910149DBEAF8EADBB2B28722E7D6A2DC6E264EC2F1D9BEBD6FB209079BC2A20259C2F2F4CB3800000DEAC10776091DCD650004_}
last transaction lt = 3825478000001 hash = B043616AE016682699477FFF01E6E903878CDFD6846042BA1BFC64775E7AC6C4
account balance is 2000000000ng
-. lite-client .
> sendfile lottery-query.boc
[ 1][t 2][1583008371.631410122][lite-client.cpp:966][!testnode] sending query from file lottery-query.boc
[ 3][t 1][1583008371.828550100][lite-client.cpp:976][!query] external message status is 1
, .
> last
> getaccount 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd
.
storage:(account_storage last_trans_lt:3825499000002
balance:(currencies
grams:(nanograms
amount:(var_uint len:4 value:1987150999))
other:(extra_currencies
dict:hme_empty))
state:(account_active
, account_active.
.
-.
, . , 6.
, msg_seqno 165, action 2 9.5 .
<b 165 32 u, 2 7 u, 9500000000 Gram, b>
lottery.pk, -. .
- -.
lite-client runmethod - -.
$ ./lite-client/lite-client -C ton-lite-client-test1.config.json
> runmethod 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd balance
arguments: [ 104128 ]
result: [ 64633878952 ]
...
result , balance() -.
.
> runmethod 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd get_seqno
...
arguments: [ 77871 ]
result: [ 1 ]
.
> runmethod 0QAESRAUnb6vjq27KyhyLn1qLcbiZOwvHZvr1vsgkHm8Ksyd get_orders
...
arguments: [ 67442 ]
result: [ ([0 1 1583258284 10000000000 0 74649920601963823558742197308127565167945016780694342660493511643532213172308] [1 3 1583258347 4000000000 0 74649920601963823558742197308127565167945016780694342660493511643532213172308] [2 1 1583259901 50000000000 0 74649920601963823558742197308127565167945016780694342660493511643532213172308]) ]
lite-client - - .
-
- Python - . .
TON Python lite-client. Docker Google Cloud. .
64 a . . , , .
. , , TON - .
- . , , -, , .
- - , TON .
, TON , - ( , ).
TON . - . .
Libra Facebook, TON. Libra , TON. TON , .
- : https://test.ton.org
- TON: https://github.com/ton-blockchain/ton
- : https://wallet.ton.org
- - : https://github.com/raiym/astonished
- -: https://ton-lottery.appspot.com
- Visual Studio Code FunC: https://github.com/raiym/func-visual-studio-plugin
- ON Telegram, . , , - TON. . https://t.me/tondev_ru
- 关于TON的另一个聊天，在其中我找到了有用的信息：https : //t.me/TONgramDev
- 比赛的第一阶段：https : //contest.com/blockchain
- 比赛第二阶段：https：//contest.com/blockchain-2