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自动构建Delphi应用程序

我经常碰到一个事实，Delphi开发人员（传统上可以说）使用“ pens”来编译应用程序，这远非生产解决方案，但从外部看起来像是“擦洗”并“在膝盖上做”，尽管这些产品非常认真且可出售。这可能可以追溯到自动化的时代，当时有必要提出自己的批处理文件，dcc32以必要的参数启动命令行编译器。一些人甚至创建了自己的“发布者”-Delphi-expert，它负责组装服务器的工作：编译项目（尽管在IDE中打开），使用从某个数据库获取的递增版本号进行公开，编写某种变更日志并将其复制到某个地方网络目录。


我将不会像以前那样进行历史考察。我将告诉您现在如何吃/可以吃，以及如何使用它来提高工作效率。


现代版本的Delphi的项目文件是一个.dproj文件（以下我将重点介绍Delphi 10 Rio，但从2007年开始，对于所有早期版本的Delphi都是如此）。它存储所有项目设置，通常在IDE中更改它们（菜单Project - Options (Ctrl+Shift+F11)）。在本文中，我将重点介绍演示通用原则所需的“核心”要素：这Config是配置，Platform平台，OutputDirectory输出文件的路径和ConditionalDefines（条件编译指令）。其余设置（如果需要在组装过程中进行任何更改），我建议您确定自己的身份。.dproj如果使用常规文本编辑器查看该文件，则此文件只不过是MSBuild构建脚本（让我们创建一个简单的控制台应用程序并将其命名为DelphiAutomatedBuild）：


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <PropertyGroup>
        <ProjectGuid>{6880AD8E-6CB3-47B9-B8E3-7304CF6E9735}</ProjectGuid>
        <ProjectVersion>18.1</ProjectVersion>
        <FrameworkType>None</FrameworkType>
        <MainSource>DelphiAutomatedBuild.dpr</MainSource>
        <Base>True</Base>
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Debug</Config>
        <Platform Condition="'$(Platform)'==''">Win32</Platform>
        <TargetedPlatforms>1</TargetedPlatforms>
        <AppType>Console</AppType>
    </PropertyGroup>
    ...

MSBuild构建脚本还用于描述项目，例如Visual Studio。我将详细介绍MSBuild的一些细节，但是我建议读者自己掌握其基础知识。这给了我们什么？这样一来，我们就可以在命令行中用一行来构建一个Delphi项目（这反过来又可以使我们自动进行项目的组装）


msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj

MSBuild? Delphi, MSBuild , Delphi . , %WINDIR%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v3.5, .Net 4.0/4.5/4.6. Microsoft. MSBuild 4.0, ,


(hint: , () IDE — Show in Explorer, — ), :


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
"msbuild"     
,     .

. , MSBuild- PATH . :


set PATH=%WINDIR%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v3.5;%PATH%

:


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:12:14.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj : error MSB4057:      "build".
  "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"  (  build)  .

 .

"Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj" (  build ) (1) ->
  Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj : error MSB4057:      "build".

    : 0
    : 1

 : 00:00:00.04

, . ? build?


.dproj-, :


...
    <Import Project="$(BDS)\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets" Condition="Exists('$(BDS)\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets')"/>
...

Delphi
c:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets, MSBuild-, Build:


<Target Name="Build"...

.. BDS ($(VAR) MSBuild (Property) VAR, , ), Delphi, (-, Delphi, BDS). $(BDS), .Targets Delphi Build.
:


set BDS=c:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0

...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:20:40.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
CreateProjectDirectories:
    ".\Win32\Debug".
BuildVersionResource:
  C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\bin\cgrc.exe -c65001 DelphiAutomatedBuild.vrc -foDelphiAutomatedBuild.res 
  CodeGear Resource Compiler/Binder
  Version 1.2.2 Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Embarcadero Technologies Inc.

  Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Resource Compiler Version 6.0.5724.0

  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

   "DelphiAutomatedBuild.vrc" .
_PasCoreCompile:
  C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\bin\dcc32.exe -$O- -$W+ --no-config -B -Q -TX.exe -AGenerics.Collections=System.Generics.Collections;Generics.Defaults=System.Generics.Defaults;WinTypes=Winapi.Windows;WinProcs=Winapi.Windows;DbiTypes=BDE;DbiProcs=BDE;DbiErrs=BDE -DDEBUG -E.\Win32\Debug -I"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\debug";"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -LE"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Bpl" -LN"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp" -NU.\Win32\Debug -NSWinapi;System.Win;Data.Win;Datasnap.Win;Web.Win;Soap.Win;Xml.Win;Bde;System;Xml;Data;Datasnap;Web;Soap; -O"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -R"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -U"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\debug";"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -CC -V -VN -NB"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp" -NH"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\hpp\Win32" -NO.\Win32\Debug   DelphiAutomatedBuild.dpr   
  Embarcadero Delphi for Win32 compiler version 30.0
  Copyright (c) 1983,2015 Embarcadero Technologies, Inc.
  19 lines, 0.27 seconds, 100748 bytes code, 26044 bytes data.
  "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"  (  build).

  .
    : 0
    : 0

 : 00:00:01.32

-! . Win32\Debug DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe.


( , Debug-), Release- ( ). IDE , , , , . .dproj-,


...
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Debug</Config>
...

, , / Config, , Debug. , IDE ( IDE Release —


...
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Release</Config>
...

:


    {$IFDEF RELEASE}
    WriteLn('This is RELEASE build');
    {$ENDIF RELEASE}
    {$IFDEF DEBUG}
    WriteLn('This is DEBUG build');
    {$ENDIF DEBUG}

, conditional defines Release Debug- RELEASE DEBUG,


Config , :


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:Config=Release
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:48:30.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
CreateProjectDirectories:
    ".\Win32\Release".
...

...>Win32\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build

...>Win32\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

!


( ) - , , , — - . , . .dproj:


...
        <DCC_ExeOutput>.\$(Platform)\$(Config)</DCC_ExeOutput>
...

? ( ), , ?


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

-! binaries, — DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe. ? , MSBuild, , , MSBuild-, , . . ...


. , (, ). , Config — Debug, — — Release, , -, (, DCC_ExeOutput ( — )), -, , ( , MSBuild- ).


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

. ? !
Build. - , IDE ( ; , MMX: DProjNormalizer, DProjSplitter — ProjectMagician — .dproj-), . DAB.ciproj (CI-project, CI — Continuous Integration):


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <Target Name="Build">
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Debug"/>
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Release"/>
    </Target>
</Project>



...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

… DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe binaries, , :


...>binaries\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

DCC_Exeoutput MSBuild — , . :


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <Target Name="Build">
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Debug;DCC_Exeoutput=$(DCC_ExeOutput)\Debug"/>
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Release;DCC_Exeoutput=$(DCC_ExeOutput)\Release"/>
    </Target>
</Project>


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries


binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe.


...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build

...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

, / conditional define (, -, , TRIAL )


-


    {$IFDEF TRIAL}
    WriteLn('This is TRIAL version');
    {$ENDIF TRIAL}

Debug- conditional define TRIAL , .dproj:


        <DCC_Define>DEBUG;TRIAL;$(DCC_Define)</DCC_Define>

, .. /p:DCC_Define=TRIAL,


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries /p:DCC_Define=TRIAL


...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is TRIAL version

...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is TRIAL version

, - , - DEBUG RELEASE, , .. define-.
, , . .
DCC_Define:


...>set DCC_Define=TRIAL
...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries
...

...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build
This is TRIAL version
...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build
This is TRIAL version

, , ( Git, SVN ) , , , , .


, . ? , , — - "-", , ( " " — ).


Windows/Delphi- Major.Minor.Release.Build, , , Release, , , . , , .dproj-


        <VerInfo_Keys>CompanyName=;FileDescription=;FileVersion=1.0.0.0;InternalName=;LegalCopyright=;LegalTrademarks=;OriginalFilename=;ProductName=;ProductVersion=1.0.0.0;Comments=</VerInfo_Keys>

, . FileVersion=0.0.0.0, , FileVersion=$(Version), Version — , , , IDE — , .. "" . . , , — CSV-, .
, . MSBuild 4.0 C#, ( , PATH ).


Delphi.Version.Targets
<Project xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003' ToolsVersion="12.0">
  <UsingTask TaskName="__SetFileVersion" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
    <ParameterGroup>
      <VerInfoKeys ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
      <VerInfoProperties ParameterType="Microsoft.Build.Framework.ITaskItem[]" Required="true" />
      <Out ParameterType="System.String" Output="true" />
    </ParameterGroup>
    <Task>
      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs"><![CDATA[
        // split values as CSV (by ";")
        String[] verInfoKeysList = VerInfoKeys.Split(';');
        Dictionary<String, String> d = new Dictionary<String, String>();
        foreach (String verInfoValue in verInfoKeysList) {
            // split values as "key=value"
            if (! String.IsNullOrEmpty(verInfoValue)) {
                String[] kv = verInfoValue.Split('=');
                d.Add(kv[0], kv[1]);
            }
        }
        if (VerInfoProperties.Length > 0) {
          foreach (ITaskItem item in VerInfoProperties) {
            String value = item.GetMetadata("Value");
            if (value.Length > 0) {
              Log.LogMessage("{0}: {1}", item.ItemSpec, value);
              d.Remove(item.ItemSpec);
              d.Add(item.ItemSpec, value);
            }
          }
        }

        List<String> L = new List<String>();
        foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> kv in d) {
            L.Add(kv.Key + "=" + kv.Value);
        }
        _Out = String.Join(";", L.ToArray());
]]></Code>
    </Task>
  </UsingTask>

  <Target Name='_SetVersionCode_Name'>
    <Message Text="$(VerInfo_Keys)" />

    <ItemGroup>
      <VerInfoProperties Include="FileVersion">
        <Value>$(FileVersion)</Value>
      </VerInfoProperties>
    </ItemGroup>
    <__SetFileVersion VerInfoKeys="$(VerInfo_Keys)" VerInfoProperties="@(VerInfoProperties)">
      <Output PropertyName="VerInfo_Keys" TaskParameter="Out" />
    </__SetFileVersion>
    <Message Text="$(VerInfo_Keys)" />
  </Target>

  <Target Name='_SetFileVersion' BeforeTargets="_BuildRCFile"
      Condition="'$(FileVersion)' != ''">
     <CallTarget Targets='_SetVersionCode_Name'/>
  </Target>
</Project>

.
DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj


...
<Import Project="Delphi.Version.Targets" Condition="$(MSBuildToolsVersion) >= 4.0" />
...

( "$(MSBuildToolsVersion) >= 4.0" , IDE, , , MSBuild 3.5, UsingTask)


, _SetFileVersion, _BuildRCFile ( : , — . $(BDS)\bin\Codegear.Common.Targets), FileVersion. CSV- VerInfo_Keys, -, , VerInfo_Keys.


"Include version information in project" ( ), :


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries /p:FileVersion=4.3.2.1

...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build
This is TRIAL version
This file version is 4.3.2.1
...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build
This is TRIAL version
This file version is 4.3.2.1

Profit!



Delphi- , , , , , , . , ( ), .



  1. ( FixInsight, !)
  2. unit- Delphi (, ))). )
  3. "" Delphi- GitLab CI
  4. 以及如何使用WinDbg调试器，例如，查找因Delphi编写的库而导致应用程序崩溃/崩溃的原因（当然，如何将为此所需的PDB文件格式集成到自动组装中）

Z.Y. 我将很乐意在PM以及@Delphi_Lazarus和@DelphiCommunity中回答任何问题，包括电报

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