用于在Swift 5中使用Combine并在SwiftUI中使用HTTP请求的现代代码。第1部分

NewsAPI.org服务数据模型和API

import Foundation

struct NewsResponse: Codable {
    let status: String?
    let totalResults: Int?
    let articles: [Article]
}

struct Article: Codable, Identifiable {
    let id = UUID()
    let title: String
    let description: String?
    let author: String?
    let urlToImage: String?
    let publishedAt: Date?
    let source: Source
}

struct SourcesResponse: Codable {
    let status: String
    let sources: [Source]
}

struct Source: Codable,Identifiable {
    let id: String?
    let name: String?
    let description: String?
    let country: String?
    let category: String?
    let url: String?
}

• fetchArticles (from endpoint: Endpoint) -> AnyPublisher<[Article], Never>  - [Article]根据参数选择文章  endpoint，
• fetchSources (for country: String) -> AnyPublisher<[Source], Never>- [Source]为特定国家/地区选择信息来源 country。

enum Endpoint {
    case topHeadLines
    case articlesFromCategory(_ category: String)
    case articlesFromSource(_ source: String)
    case search (searchFilter: String)
    case sources (country: String)
    
    var baseURL:URL {URL(string: "https://newsapi.org/v2/")!}
    
    func path() -> String {
        switch self {
        case .topHeadLines, .articlesFromCategory:
            return "top-headlines"
        case .search,.articlesFromSource:
            return "everything"
        case .sources:
            return "sources"
        }
    }
}

• 最新消息  .topHeadLines，
• 某一类别的新闻（体育，健康，科学，商业，技术）  .articlesFromCategory(_ category: String)，
• 来自特定信息来源的新闻（CNN，ABC新闻，Fox新闻等） .articlesFromSource(_ source: String)，
• 任何.search (searchFilter: String)符合特定条件的新闻  searchFilter，
• .sources (country:String)特定国家的信息来源country。

init? (index: Int, text: String = "sports") {
        switch index {
        case 0: self = .topHeadLines
        case 1: self = .search(searchFilter: text)
        case 2: self = .articlesFromCategory(text)
        case 3: self = .articlesFromSource(text)
        case 4: self = .sources (country: text)
        default: return nil
        }
    }

func fetchArticles(from endpoint: Endpoint) -> AnyPublisher<[Article], Never> {
        guard let url = endpoint.absoluteURL else {              // 0
                    return Just([Article]()).eraseToAnyPublisher()
        }
           return
            URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for:url)        // 1
            .map{$0.data}                                       // 2
            .decode(type: NewsResponse.self,                    // 3
                    decoder: APIConstants .jsonDecoder)
            .map{$0.articles}                                   // 4
            .replaceError(with: [])                             // 5
            .receive(on: RunLoop.main)                          // 6
            .eraseToAnyPublisher()                              // 7
    }

• 根据请求的endpoint 形式URL获得所需的文章列表endpoint.absoluteURL，如果无法完成，则返回一个空的文章数组[Article]()
• «» dataTaskPublisher(for:), Output (data: Data, response: URLResponse),   Failure - URLError,
• map { } (data: Data, response: URLResponse)  data, 
• JSON  data ,  NewsResponse, articles: [Atricle]
• map { }  - articles, 
• - [ ],
• main , UI,
• «» «» eraseToAnyPublisher() AnyPublisher.

func fetchSources() -> AnyPublisher<[Source], Never> {
        guard let url = Endpoint.sources.absoluteURL else {      // 0
                       return Just([Source]()).eraseToAnyPublisher()
           }
              return
               URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for:url)      // 1
               .map{$0.data}                                     // 2
               .decode(type: SourcesResponse.self,               // 3
                       decoder: APIConstants .jsonDecoder)
               .map{$0.sources}                                  // 4
               .replaceError(with: [])                           // 5
               .receive(on: RunLoop.main)                        // 6
               .eraseToAnyPublisher()                            // 7
    }

//     URL
     func fetch<T: Decodable>(_ url: URL) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
                   URLSession.shared.dataTaskPublisher(for: url)             // 1
                    .map { $0.data}                                          // 2
                    .decode(type: T.self, decoder: APIConstants.jsonDecoder) // 3
                    .receive(on: RunLoop.main)                               // 4
                    .eraseToAnyPublisher()                                   // 5
    }

//   
     func fetchArticles(from endpoint: Endpoint)
                                     -> AnyPublisher<[Article], Never> {
         guard let url = endpoint.absoluteURL else {
                     return Just([Article]()).eraseToAnyPublisher() // 0
         }
         return fetch(url)                                          // 1
             .map { (response: NewsResponse) -> [Article] in        // 2
                             return response.articles }
                .replaceError(with: [Article]())                    // 3
                .eraseToAnyPublisher()                              // 4
     }
    
    //    
    func fetchSources(for country: String)
                                       -> AnyPublisher<[Source], Never> {
        guard let url = Endpoint.sources(country: country).absoluteURL
            else {
                    return Just([Source]()).eraseToAnyPublisher() // 0
        }
        return fetch(url)                                         // 1
            .map { (response: SourcesResponse) -> [Source] in     // 2
                            response.sources }
               .replaceError(with: [Source]())                    // 3
               .eraseToAnyPublisher()                             // 4
    }

“出版商” Publisher作为View Model 在 SwiftUI。文章清单。

• @Published var indexEndpoint: Int — Endpoint ( «», View),  
• @Published var searchString: String — ,   ( «», View  TextField),
• @Published var articles: [Article] - ( «», NewsAPI.org, «»).

信息来源清单

• SearchView搜索栏的  文本框  searchString，
•  Picker 为了国家country，
• SourcesList 信息来源清单 

• index  indexEndpoint = 3，即.articlesFromSource (_source:String)对应于固定来源文章选择的选项  source，
• 字符串  searchString 作为源本身（或更确切地说是其标识符）source.id ：

下载UIImage文章图片Article。

1. 如果url相等nil，返回Just(nil)，
2. 基于url“发布者” 的形式dataTaskPublisher(for:)，其输出值为Output元组(data: Data, response: URLResponse)和错误 Failure-  URLError，
3. 我们采取仅数据map {}从元组(data: Data, response: URLResponse)以供进一步处理  data，和形式UIImage，
4. 如果前面的步骤返回错误nil，
5. 我们将结果传递到main流中，因为我们假定在设计中进一步使用它UI，
6. “擦除”“发布者”的类型并返回副本AnyPublisher。

• @Published url: URL? 是URL图像
• @Published var image: UIImage? 是来自NewsAPI.org的图片本身：

从NewsAPI.org服务器获取和解码JSON数据时显示错误  。

func fetchArticlesErr(from endpoint: Endpoint) ->
                            AnyPublisher<[Article], NewsError> {

. . . . . . . .
}

• 0. endpoint  URL endpoint.absoluteURL , url nil: nil, .urlError, — url ,
• 1. «» dataTaskPublisher(for:), — url, Output (data: Data, response: URLResponse)  URLError,
• 2. tryMap { }  (data: Data, response: URLResponse): response.statusCode 200...299,  data. «» .responseError,   data, String, ,
• 3. JSON ,  NewsResponse,
• 4. main , UI
• «» «» sink receiveCompletion receiveValue,
  
  • 5.    receiveCompletion  error, promise (.failure(...))),
  • 6.   receiveValue promise (.success($0.articles)),
   
• 7.  «»  var subscriptions, « » NewsAPI,
• 8. «» «» AnyPublisher.

1. @Published var indexEndpoint: Int — Endpoint ( «», View), 
2. @Published var searchString: String — ,  Endpoint: «» , ( «», View), 
3.  @Published var articles: [Article] - ( «»,  NewsAPI.org )
4.   @Published var articlesError: NewsError? - ,    NewsAPI.org .

struct APIConstants {
    // News  API key url: https://newsapi.org
    static let apiKey: String = "API_KEY" 
    
   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .
}

结论

参考文献：