使用Spring Security和MongoDB进行REST API身份验证

介绍

为什么我们的API需要身份验证？

怎么运行的

Authentication: Basic YWRtaW46cEA1NXcwUmQ=

Spring如何管理安全性

我们需要什么

• MongoDB实例中的一个新集合称为“用户”
• 用户集合中的一个新文档，具有以下字段（任何其他字段都是可选的，但都是必需的）：用户名，密码（使用BCrypt算法散列，稍后再介绍）
• 上一篇文章的来源

BCrypt用于密码哈希

为什么要对密码进行哈希处理？

向MongoDB添加用户

db.users.insert({
  “username” : “admin”,
  “password” : “$2a$10$AjHGc4x3Nez/p4ZpvFDWeO6FGxee/cVqj5KHHnHfuLnIOzC5ag4fm”
});

添加用户模型和存储库

模型

package com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.models;

import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;

public class Users {
  @Id
  public ObjectId _id;

  public String username;
  public String password;

  public Users() {}

  public Users(ObjectId _id, String username, String password) 
{
    this._id = _id;
    this.username = username;
    this.password = password;
  }

  public void set_id(ObjectId _id) { this._id = _id; }

  public String get_id() { return this._id.toHexString(); }

  public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }

  public String getPassword() { return password; }

  public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }

  public String getUsername() { return username; }
}

资料库

package com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.repositories;

import com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.models.Users;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

public interface UsersRepository extends MongoRepository<Users, String> {
  Users findByUsername(String username);
}

添加安全依赖性

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

创建身份验证服务

MongoUserDetailsS​​ervice.java

package com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.services;

import com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.models.Users;
import com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.repositories.UsersRepository;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Component
public class MongoUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService{
  @Autowired
  private UsersRepository repository;

  @Override
  public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
    Users user = repository.findByUsername(username);

    if(user == null) {
      throw new UsernameNotFoundException(“User not found”);
    }

    List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = Arrays.asList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(“user”));

    return new User(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), authorities);
  }
}

创建安全配置

SecurityConfiguration.java

package com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.config;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
 @Autowired
 MongoUserDetailsService userDetailsService;
}

认证步骤

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
 http
   .csrf().disable()
   .authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
   .and().httpBasic()
   .and().sessionManagement().disable();
}

• csrf().disable()：禁用CSRF保护，因为API不需要它
• authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()：声明对任何端点的所有请求都必须得到授权，否则必须被拒绝。
• and().httpBasic(): Spring因此，它需要基本的HTTP身份验证（如上所述）。
• .and().sessionManagement().disable()：告诉Spring不要为用户存储会话信息，因为API不需要这样做

添加一个Bcrypt编码器

@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
   return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}

指定身份验证管理器

@Override
public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder builder) 
throws Exception {
  builder.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);
}

最终的SecurityConfiguration.java文件

import com.example.gtommee.rest_tutorial.services.MongoUserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
 @Autowired
 MongoUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

 @Override
 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
   http
     .csrf().disable()
     .authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
     .and().httpBasic()
     .and().sessionManagement().disable();
 }

 @Bean
 public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
   return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
 }

 @Override
 public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder builder) 
throws Exception {
   builder.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);
 }
}

验证检查

401 Unauthorized

[
 {
   “_id”: “5aeccb0a18365ba07414356c”,
   “name”: “Spot”,
   “species”: “dog”,
   “breed”: “pitbull”
 },
 {
   “_id”: “5aeccb0a18365ba07414356d”,
   “name”: “Daisy”,
   “species”: “cat”,
   “breed”: “calico”
 },
 {
   “_id”: “5aeccb0a18365ba07414356e”,
   “name”: “Bella”,
   “species”: “dog”,
   “breed”: “australian shepard”
 }
]

结论