Alguma vez você já teve que experimentar utilitários de código ou sistema no Linux de forma a não abalar o sistema básico e retirar tudo isso no caso de um erro de código que deveria ser executado com privilégios de root?

Mas e o fato de, por exemplo, ser necessário testar ou executar um cluster inteiro de vários microsserviços em uma máquina? Cem ou até mil?

Com máquinas virtuais gerenciadas por um hipervisor, essas tarefas podem e terão êxito, mas a que custo? Por exemplo, um contêiner no LXD baseado na distribuição Alpine Linux consome minimamente toda a 7.60MBRAM e onde ocupa a partição raiz após a inicialização 9.5MB!~~Como você gosta disso, Elon Musk?~~Eu recomendo me familiarizar com os recursos básicos do LXD - sistemas de contêiner no Linux

Depois que geralmente ficar claro o que são os contêineres LXD, vamos em frente e pensar no que se houvesse um processador de plataforma em que seria seguro executar código para o host, gerar gráficos, vincular dinamicamente (interativamente) a interface do usuário- widgets com seu código, adicione código com texto com ~~blackjack ...~~formatação? Algo como um blog interativo?~~Uau ... eu quero isso! Quer!~~ :)

Olhe para o gato em que lançaremos o JupyterLab no contêiner - a próxima geração da interface do usuário, em vez do obsoleto Jupyter Notebook, e também instale módulos Python como NumPy , Pandas , Matplotlib , IPyWidgets que permitirão que você faça tudo o que precede e salve tudo em um arquivo especial - IPython-laptop .

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Planeje decolar em órbita ^

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Delinearemos um breve plano de ação para que seja mais fácil implementar o esquema acima:

Alpine Linux. , .
— hostfs . . . , . , .
Bash, sudo, ,
Python,
JupyterLab, , .

, LXD, — LXD — Linux.

^

— alpine3, — jupyterlab :

lxc init alpine3 jupyterlab --profile=default --profile=hddroot

hddroot root- Storage Pool HDD :

lxc profile show hddroot

config: {}
description: ""
devices:
  root:
    path: /
    pool: hddpool
    type: disk
name: hddroot
used_by: []

lxc storage show hddpool

config:
  size: 10GB
  source: /dev/loop1
  volatile.initial_source: /dev/loop1
description: ""
name: hddpool
driver: btrfs
used_by:
- /1.0/images/ebd565585223487526ddb3607f5156e875c15a89e21b61ef004132196da6a0a3
- /1.0/profiles/hddroot
status: Created
locations:
- none

HDD SSD :) ssdroot.

STOPPED, init-:

lxc start jupyterlab

LXD -c columns :

lxc list -c ns4b
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+
|    NAME    |  STATE  |       IPV4        | STORAGE POOL |
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+
| jupyterlab | RUNNING | 10.0.5.198 (eth0) | hddpool      |
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+

IP , default LXD — Linux.

IP , , . , .

eth0 ( ) lxdbr0 NAT , IP — 10.0.5.5:

lxc config device add jupyterlab eth0 nic name=eth0 nictype=bridged parent=lxdbr0 ipv4.address=10.0.5.5

, :

lxc restart jupyterlab

lxc list -c ns4b
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+
|    NAME    |  STATE  |       IPV4       | STORAGE POOL |
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+
| jupyterlab | RUNNING | 10.0.5.5 (eth0)  | hddpool      |
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+

^

Package	Description
bash	The GNU Bourne Again shell
bash-completion	Programmable completion for the bash shell
sudo	Give certain users the ability to run some commands as root
shadow	Password and account management tool suite with support for shadow files and PAM
tzdata	Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data
nano	Pico editor clone with enhancements

, man-pages — man man-pages mdocml-apropos less

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add bash bash-completion sudo shadow tzdata nano

lxc — LXD
exec — LXD,
jupyterlab —
-- — , lxc
apk — Alpine Linux
add —

, - Europe/Moscow:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime

-, tzdata , , , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk del tzdata

lxc exec jupyterlab -- date

Wed Apr 15 10:49:56 MSK 2020

Bash , .bash_profile, .bashrc, .dir_colors /etc/skel , Bash , . , Manjaro Linux , , .

skel- . --create-dirs , :

lxc file push /etc/skel/.bash_profile jupyterlab/etc/skel/.bash_profile --create-dirs
lxc file push /etc/skel/.bashrc jupyterlab/etc/skel/.bashrc
lxc file push /etc/skel/.dir_colors jupyterlab/etc/skel/.dir_colors

root skel-:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.bash_profile /root/.bash_profile
lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root/.bashrc
lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.dir_colors /root/.dir_colors

Alpine Linux /bin/sh, root Bash:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- usermod --shell=/bin/bash root

root . - , :)

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "PASSWD=\$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 12); echo \"root:\$PASSWD\" | chpasswd && echo \"New Password: \$PASSWD\""

New Password: sFiXEvBswuWA

— jupyter JupyterLab

lxc exec jupyterlab -- useradd --create-home --shell=/bin/bash jupyter

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "PASSWD=\$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 12); echo \"jupyter:\$PASSWD\" | chpasswd && echo \"New Password: \$PASSWD\""

New Password: ZIcbzWrF8tki

, sudo, jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- groupadd --system sudo
lxc exec jupyterlab -- groupmems --group sudo --add jupyter

, jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- id -Gn jupyter

jupyter sudo

— , .

sudo sudo. , sed /etc/sudoers:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "sed --in-place -e '/^#[ \t]*%sudo[ \t]*ALL=(ALL)[ \t]*ALL$/ s/^[# ]*//' /etc/sudoers"

JupyterLab ^

JupyterLab — Python , . , JupyterLab pip, , , , — python3 python3-dev gcc libc-dev zeromq-dev:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add python3 python3-dev gcc libc-dev zeromq-dev

python- pip :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

JupyterLab pip:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install jupyterlab

JupyterLab jupyterlab, , .

NodeJS — NPM, JupyterLab :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add nodejs npm

JupyterLab , jupyter. , , . , JUPYTERLAB_DIR jupyter, .bashrc, :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "echo -e \"\nexport JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab\" >> .bashrc"

— JupyterLab:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build @jupyter-widgets/jupyterlab-manager"

JupyterLab, :

toc — Table of Contents, /
jupyterlab-horizon-theme — UI
jupyterlab_neon_theme — UI
jupyterlab-ubu-theme — :) , GitHub

, , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build @jupyterlab/toc @mohirio/jupyterlab-horizon-theme @yeebc/jupyterlab_neon_theme"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "wget -c https://github.com/microcoder/jupyterlab-ubu-theme/archive/master.zip"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "unzip -q master.zip && rm master.zip"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build jupyterlab-ubu-theme-master"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "rm -r jupyterlab-ubu-theme-master"

, , --no-build . :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter lab build"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "jupyter lab clean && jlpm cache clean && npm cache clean --force"

JupyterLab. , , JupyterLab bash' , , :)

jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter

JupyterLab :

[jupyter@jupyterlab ~]$ jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser

web- http://10.0.5.5:8888 token . , Login. , , , JupyterLab development :

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, JupyterLab , NodeJS , . /home , , , . JupyterLab.

IPython- ( JupyterLab) — /home/jupyter, () , , JupyterLab hotkey — CTRL+C y . jupyter CTRL+D.

^

, , :

lxc config device add —
jupyter —
hostfs — . .
disk —
path — LXD
source — , .

lxc config device add jupyterlab hostfs disk path=/mnt/hostfs source=/home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks

/home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks UID SubUID + UID, . LXD — Linux.

, jupyter, $USER :

sudo chown 1001000:$USER /home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks

Hello, World! ^

JupyterLab, --notebook-dir /mnt/hostfs :

jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --notebook-dir=/mnt/hostfs

http://10.0.5.5:8888 :

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Python Hello World!. CTRL+ENTER "play" JupyterLab :

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, , Python- ( ) Python JupyterLab, , :)

P.S. , Jupyter Jupyter Notebook JupyterLab. /tree, /lab, :

Jupyter Notebook — http://10.0.5.5:8888/tree
Jupyter Lab — http://10.0.5.5:8888/lab

Python ^

Python NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, IPyWidgets JupyterLab.

Python pip Alpine Linux:

g++ — , C++ Python
freetype-dev — Python Matplotlib

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add g++ freetype-dev

, Alpine Linux NumPy , :

ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

, , , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add py3-numpy py3-numpy-dev

Python- pip. , . ~15 :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install pandas matplotlib ipywidgets

lxc exec jupyterlab -- rm -rf /home/*/.cache/pip/*
lxc exec jupyterlab -- rm -rf /root/.cache/pip/*

JupyterLab ^

JupyterLab, , . CTRL+C y , JupyterLab "", Enter :

jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --notebook-dir=/mnt/hostfs

http://10.0.5.5:8888/lab , :

%matplotlib inline

from ipywidgets import interactive
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def f(m, b):
    plt.figure(2)
    x = np.linspace(-10, 10, num=1000)
    plt.plot(x, m * x + b)
    plt.ylim(-5, 5)
    plt.show()

interactive_plot = interactive(f, m=(-2.0, 2.0), b=(-3, 3, 0.5))
output = interactive_plot.children[-1]
output.layout.height = '350px'
interactive_plot

, IPyWidgets UI- , Matplotlib :

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IPyWidgets

? ^

, . JupyterLab " ", :) , , Bash :)

, :

IP /etc/hosts http://jupyter.local:8888
, LXD LXD.
:

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! . !

UPDATE: 15.04.2020 18:30 — "Hello, World!"
UPDATE: 16.04.2020 10:00 — JupyterLab
UPDATE: 16.04.2020 10:40 — " "

Inicie o Jupyter em órbita LXD

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Planeje decolar em órbita ^

^

^

JupyterLab ^

^

Hello, World! ^

Python ^

JupyterLab ^

? ^

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