Provavelmente não será muito surpreendente se eu estiver aqui, no site de TI da Habr, direi que às vezes me mimo na programação.
Meu sistema operacional principal é o Linux, mas às vezes tenho que coletar arquivos executáveis para Windows também. E, é claro, não quero reiniciar o Windows apenas para montagem em exe. Não há problemas com as linguagens C e C ++, por um longo tempo há um compilador cruzado MinGWque faz isso muito bem. Sobre Pythone Javanem vale a pena mencionar, multiplataforma neles inicialmente. Mas, no ano passado, decidi experimentar uma linguagem tão nova quanto a Rust. Ao montar o arquivo executável usando o gerenciador de pacotes incluído no kit de distribuição Rust, cargoparece suficiente especificar uma chave --targetcom a qual especificar o processador, a arquitetura e a ABI resultantes e, ao criar a partir do Linux, obter exe, que será o arquivo executável padrão para Windows. Mas tentando fazer isso:
cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Recebi apenas mensagens de erro do vinculador:
error: linking with `gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/bin/ld: unrecognized option '--nxcompat'
/usr/bin/ld: use the --help option for usage information
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
Se alguém estiver interessado em como eu superei isso e agora posso compilar com facilidade programas Rust para Windows sem sair do Linux, bem-vindo ao gato.
aviso Legal32bit 64bit pc-windows-gnu, pc-windows-msvc . Linux, , Fedora Linux 31, Linux . Rust The Rust toolchain installer, Fedora Rust , nightly Rust, , , .
Antes de tudo, garantimos que definimos os objetivos necessários executando o seguinte comando:
rustup target list
Temos uma lista de todos os objetivos possíveis e os objetivos que estabelecemos:
aarch64-apple-ios
aarch64-fuchsia
[...]
i686-pc-windows-gnu (installed)
[...]
i686-unknown-linux-gnu (installed)
[...]
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu (installed)
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (installed)
[...]
Para criar arquivos executáveis para Windows a partir do Linux, precisamos de destinos i686-pc-windows-gnupara 32bit exe e x86_64-pc-windows-gnu64bit exe. Se essas metas não estiverem marcadas como (installed), então as entregamos usando o comando
rustup target add _
Depois de garantir que tenhamos um compilador cruzado, MinGWexecutando
rpm -qa | grep mingw
ou outro gerenciador de pacotes para nossa distribuição Linux:
mingw32-gcc-9.2.1-1.fc31.x86_64
mingw32-binutils-2.32-6.fc31.x86_64
mingw64-gcc-9.2.1-1.fc31.x86_64
mingw-binutils-generic-2.32-6.fc31.x86_64
mingw-filesystem-base-110-1.fc31.noarch
mingw64-winpthreads-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw32-winpthreads-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw32-crt-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw64-binutils-2.32-6.fc31.x86_64
mingw64-crt-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw64-filesystem-110-1.fc31.noarch
mingw32-filesystem-110-1.fc31.noarch
mingw32-cpp-9.2.1-1.fc31.x86_64
mingw64-headers-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw32-headers-6.0.0-2.fc31.noarch
mingw64-cpp-9.2.1-1.fc31.x86_64
Caso contrário, MinGWinstale os pacotes necessários executando
sudo dnf install mingw32-gcc mingw64-gcc
, (, - Test-Driven Development, :-)
Rust:
[pfemidi@pfemidi rust]$ cargo new foobar
Created binary (application) `foobar` package
[pfemidi@pfemidi rust]$ cat foobar/src/main.rs
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
}
[pfemidi@pfemidi rust]$
Linux:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.65s
Running `target/debug/foobar`
Hello, world!
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
. x86_64-pc-windows-gnu:
cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
:
error: linking with `gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/bin/ld: unrecognized option '--nxcompat'
/usr/bin/ld: use the --help option for usage information
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
, MinGW, gcc. , .cargo config :
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ mkdir .cargo
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cat > .cargo/config
[target.i686-pc-windows-gnu]
linker = "i686-w64-mingw32-gcc"
ar = "i686-w64-mingw32-ar"
[target.x86_64-pc-windows-gnu]
linker = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"
ar = "x86_64-w64-mingw32-ar"
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
Windows gcc, MinGW.
:
cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
, x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc:
error: linking with `x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: cannot find -lpthread
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
, Rust - , mingw32-winpthreads mingw64-winpthreads, dnf mingw32-gcc mingw64-gcc mingw32-winpthreads-static mingw64-winpthreads-static, -lpthread . :
sudo dnf install mingw??-winpthreads-static
:
cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
! :
error: linking with `x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o:crtexe.c:(.rdata$.refptr.__onexitbegin[.refptr.__onexitbegin]+0x0): undefined reference to `__onexitbegin'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o:crtexe.c:(.rdata$.refptr.__onexitend[.refptr.__onexitend]+0x0): undefined reference to `__onexitend'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
__onexitbegin __onexitend ~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o, x86_64-pc-windows-gnu. , , Rust, Rust, Rust : Rust Windows, pc-windows-gnu, MinGW 6.3.0, Fedora Linux 31 MinGW 9.2.1, CRT. Ok, crt2.o MinGW Rust x86_64-pc-windows-gnu. crt2.o dllcrt2.o, :
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cd ~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/lib/
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cp /usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib/crt2.o .
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cp /usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib/dllcrt2.o .
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cd -
/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
Rust:
pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 4.46s
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
! ! .. wine, :
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.38s
Running `target/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/debug/foobar.exe`
Hello, world!
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
! 32bit Windows, run build:
error: linking with `i686-w64-mingw32-gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o:crtexe.c:(.text+0x75): undefined reference to `__onexitend'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o:crtexe.c:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `__onexitbegin'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
__onexitbegin __onexitend ~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/crt2.o , , 64bit crt2.o dllcrt2.o , MinGW Fedora:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cd ~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cp /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib/crt2.o .
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cp /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/lib/dllcrt2.o .
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cd -
/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run --target i686-pc-windows-gnu
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 5.12s
Running `target/i686-pc-windows-gnu/debug/foobar.exe`
Hello, world!
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
.
, (macro panic!, expect ..) 32bit Windows. 64bit , 32bit .
:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cat src/main.rs
fn main() {
println!("Hello, world!");
panic!("I'm panicked!"); // !
}
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]
64bit Windows:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 2.95s
Running `target/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/debug/foobar.exe`
Hello, world!
thread 'main' panicked at 'I'm panicked!', src/main.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
, , . , 32bit Windows.
:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run --target i686-pc-windows-gnu
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
error: linking with `i686-w64-mingw32-gcc` failed: exit code: 1
[...]
= note: /usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/libpanic_unwind-1a1fb2d4d34efaf8.rlib(panic_unwind-1a1fb2d4d34efaf8.panic_unwind.2hbcqjo8-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `ZN12panic_unwind3imp5panic17hdaabfe6326236dacE':
/rustc/5e1a799842ba6ed4a57e91f7ab9435947482f7d8\/src\libpanic_unwind/gcc.rs:73: undefined reference to `_Unwind_RaiseException'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/9.2.1/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: /home/pfemidi/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/libpanic_unwind-1a1fb2d4d34efaf8.rlib(panic_unwind-1a1fb2d4d34efaf8.panic_unwind.2hbcqjo8-cgu.0.rcgu.o): in function `rust_eh_unwind_resume':
/rustc/5e1a799842ba6ed4a57e91f7ab9435947482f7d8\/src\libpanic_unwind/gcc.rs:327: undefined reference to `_Unwind_Resume'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: aborting due to previous error
error: could not compile `foobar`.
, _Unwind_RaiseException _Unwind_Resume libpanic Rust.
, , Rust, . .
Rust Dwarf 32bit Windows SEH 64bit Windows, MinGW Fedora Linux SJLJ 32bit Windows SEH 64bit Windows ( ). 64bit , 32bit . MinGW Dwarf SJLJ 32bit Windows.
Não entrarei em detalhes sobre como remontar MinGW, não é tão difícil e nem tão interessante ( configurevocê precisa executá-lo com um parâmetro --disable-sjlj-exceptions, o resto é trivial), vou dizer apenas uma coisa: depois de MinGWreconstruir com a pilha desenrolando, em Dwarfvez disso SJLJ, você precisa pegar apenas um arquivo chamado libgcc_eh.ae coloque-o no diretório da biblioteca para esse fim i686-pc-windows-gnu. Depois disso, os projetos nos quais as funções de pânico são usadas começarão a ser coletados não apenas para fins de 64 bits do Windows, mas também para 32 bits:
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cd ~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/i686-pc-windows-gnu/lib/
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cp ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/gcc-9.2.1-20190827/build_win32/i686-w64-mingw32/libgcc/libgcc_eh.a .
[pfemidi@pfemidi lib]$ cd -
/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$ cargo run --target i686-pc-windows-gnu
Compiling foobar v0.1.0 (/home/pfemidi/mywork/rust/foobar)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 4.57s
Running `target/i686-pc-windows-gnu/debug/foobar.exe`
Hello, world!
thread 'main' panicked at 'I'm panicked!', src/main.rs:3:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.
[pfemidi@pfemidi foobar]$
De alguma forma assim.