Saya sajikan terjemahan artikel "Masker Tidak Berfungsi: Tinjauan sains yang relevan dengan kebijakan sosial COVID-19" oleh Denis Rancourt .

anotasi

Masker dan respirator tidak berguna.

Percobaan terkontrol acak yang luas dan meta-analisis dari studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa masker dan respirator tidak mempengaruhi penyebaran infeksi pernapasan akut seperti influenza (ISPA), yang diperkirakan ditularkan melalui tetesan dan partikel aerosol.

Selain itu, fondasi fisik dan biologis yang sesuai sedemikian rupa sehingga masker dan respirator tidak boleh bekerja, mengingat apa yang diketahui tentang ISPA: rute transmisi utama adalah partikel aerosol (kurang dari 2,5 mikrometer), terlalu kecil untuk diblokir. dan dosis infeksi minimum kurang dari satu partikel aerosol.

Artikel bertopeng ini menggambarkan tingkat di mana pemerintah, media, dan pendukung kelembagaan dapat bertindak dalam kekosongan ilmiah, atau dengan hanya memilih data ilmiah yang melayani kepentingan mereka. Kecerobohan semacam itu tentu saja terjadi di karantina global sejati, ketika lebih dari satu miliar orang berpartisipasi dalam percobaan yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dalam sejarah kedokteran dan politik.

Dari seorang penerjemah, sangat singkat dan populer. Mungkin semua orang melihat debu beterbangan di udara. Virus bahkan lebih kecil, mereka tidak terhalang oleh partisi atau jarak apa pun (kecuali untuk kilometer, tetapi ini tidak akurat - lihat di bawah). Studi dan diskusi tentang manfaat masker sama pentingnya dengan argumen tentang mengurangi dosis racun dari 10 menjadi 2-3 gram ketika dosis mematikan adalah 1 gram.

Tinjauan Umum Publikasi Medis

Banyak publikasi ilmiah membuktikan bahwa masker bedah dan respirator (misalnya, tipe N95) tidak mengurangi risiko infeksi dan penyakit. Tinjauan literatur ini dapat dimulai dengan artikel berikut:

• Jacobs, J. L. et al. (2009) “Use of surgical face masks to reduce the incidence of the common cold among health care workers in Japan: A randomized controlled trial” (« : »), American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 37, Issue 5, 417-419, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216002: « N95 . ».
• Cowling, B. et al. (2010) “Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus: A systematic review” (« : »), Epidemiology and Infection, 138(4), 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268809991658: « , . . 1 2».
• bin-Reza et al. (2012) “The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence” (« : »), Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 257–267, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00307.x: « 17 / ».
• Smith, J. D. et al. (2016) “Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis” (« N95 : »), CMAJ Mar 2016, cmaj.150835, https://www.cmaj.ca/content/188/8/567: « 6 N95 : , , ».
• Offeddu, V. et al. (2017) “Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” (« »), Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 65, Issue 11, 1 December 2017, Pages 1934–1942, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681: « . ».
• Radonovich, L.J. et al. (2019) “N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial” (« N95 : »), JAMA. 2019; 322(9): 824–833, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2749214: « 2862 , 2371 5180 - (). N95 ».
• Long, Y. et al. (2020) “Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta‐analysis” (« N95 : »), J Evid Based Med. 2020, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12381: « 9171 . N95 , , , . N95 ».

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, , , . . Paules, C. and Subbarao, S. (2017) “Influenza” («»), Lancet, Seminar| Volume 390, ISSUE 10095, P697-708, August 12, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30129-0. , .

Viboud, C. et al. (2010) “Preliminary Estimates of Mortality and Years of Life Lost Associated with the 2009 A/H1N1 Pandemic in the US and Comparison with Past Influenza Seasons” (« 2009 »), PLoS currents vol. 2 RRN1153. 20 Mar. 2010, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843747/. . 122 . :

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Shaman, J. et al. (2010) “Absolute Humidity and the Seasonal Onset of Influenza in the Continental United States” (« »), PLoS Biol 8(2): e1000316, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000316, .

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, , (, ). 1,28 ( 1,19 1,37). . Biggerstaff, M. et al. (2014) “Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature” (« , : »), BMC Infect Dis 14, 480 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-480.

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, ( ), R0, . . Coburn, B. J. et al. (2009) “Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (H1N1)” (« : »), BMC Med 7, 30, https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-30 Tracht, S. M. et al. (2010) “Mathematical Modeling of the Effectiveness of Facemasks in Reducing the Spread of Novel Influenza A (H1N1)” (« A(H1N1)»), PLoS ONE 5(2): e9018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009018.

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: Despres, V. R. et al. (2012) “Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review” (« : »), Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 64:1, 15598, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598. , : Hammond, G. W. et al. (1989) “Impact of Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport of Viral Aerosols on the Epidemiology of Influenza” (« »), Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 11, Issue 3, May 1989, Pages 494–497, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.3.494.

, , ( , ) 2,5 . Yang, W. et al. (2011) “Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza A viruses measured indoors at a health centre, a day-care centre and on aeroplanes” (« , »), Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 2011 Aug;8(61):1176-1184, https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2010.0686:

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( 2,5 ) , ( ). , ( ) . , N95 ( 0,3 0,5 ) , : Balazy et al. (2006) “Do N95 respirators provide 95% protection level against airborne viruses, and how adequate are surgical masks?” (« N95 95% , ?»), American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 34, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 51-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2005.08.018.

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Yezli, S., Otter, J. A. (2011) “Minimum Infective Dose of the Major Human Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Transmitted Through Food and the Environment” (« »), Food Environ Virol 3, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-011-9056-7 :

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• «-» Haas, C. N. et al. (1993) “Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water” (« »), Risk Analysis, 13: 545-552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x.
• Zwart, M. P. et al. (2009) “An experimental test of the independent action hypothesis in virus-insect pathosystems” (« - »), Proc. R. Soc. B. 2762233–2242, http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0064 , .
• Baccam, P. et al. (2006) “Kinetics of Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans” (« »), Journal of Virology Jul 2006, 80 (15) 7590-7599, https://jvi.asm.org/content/80/15/7590 , : 6 5 ; 11 ; 3 ; 22 ( R0 22).
• Brooke, C. B. et al. (2013) “Most Influenza A Virions Fail To Express at Least One Essential Viral Protein” (« »), Journal of Virology, Feb 2013, 87 (6), 3155-3162, https://jvi.asm.org/content/87/6/3155 , , , 90% .

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• Leung, N. H. L. et al. (2020) “Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks” (« »), Nature Medicine (2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2.
• Davies, A. et al. (2013) “Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks: Would They Protect in an Influenza Pandemic?” (« : ?»), Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1935789313000438.
• Lai, A. C. K. et al. (2012) “Effectiveness of facemasks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations” (« »), J. R. Soc. Interface, 9938–948, http://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0537.
• Sande, van der, M. et al. (2008) “Professional and Home-Made Face Masks Reduce Exposure to Respiratory Infections among the General Population” (« »), PLoS ONE 3(7): e2618, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002618.

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• () . . Wada, K. et al. (2012) “Wearing face masks in public during the influenza season may reflect other positive hygiene practices in Japan” (« »), BMC Public Health 12, 1065 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-1065.
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