Transkrip laporan / tutorial "Mengelola Sangat PostgreSQL Cluster Menggunakan Patroni". A. Klyukin, A. Kukushkin
Patroni adalah aplikasi Python untuk membuat cluster PostgreSQL yang sangat mudah diakses berdasarkan replikasi streaming. Ini digunakan oleh perusahaan seperti Red Hat, IBM Compose, Zalando dan banyak lainnya. Dengan bantuannya, Anda dapat mengubah sistem dari master dan slave node (primer - replika) menjadi kluster yang sangat mudah diakses dengan dukungan untuk pengontrolan otomatis (peralihan) dan peralihan darurat (peralihan). Patroni membuatnya mudah untuk menambahkan replika baru ke kluster yang ada, mendukung perubahan konfigurasi PostgreSQL dinamis secara bersamaan di semua node kluster dan banyak fitur lainnya, seperti replikasi sinkron, tindakan kustom saat berpindah node, REST API, kemampuan untuk menjalankan perintah khusus untuk membuat replika alih-alih pg_basebackup, interaksi dengan Kubernetes dll.
Pendengar dari kelas master akan belajar secara rinci bagaimana Patroni bekerja, mendapatkan keterampilan praktis dalam mengatur kelompok yang sangat mudah diakses berdasarkan itu, berkenalan dengan berbagai fitur tambahan dan mengambil bagian dalam mendiagnosis masalah. Topik-topik berikut akan dibahas:
- ruang lingkup: tugas HA mana yang berhasil diselesaikan oleh Patroni
- ulasan arsitektur
- membuat gugus uji
- utilitas patronictl
- Perubahan konfigurasi PostgreSQL untuk cluster yang dikelola Patroni
- Pemantauan API
- pendekatan beralih pelanggan
- fitur tambahan: perpindahan manual, reboot terjadwal, mode jeda
- setup replikasi sinkron
- ekstensibilitas dan fleksibilitas
- kesalahan sering dan diagnosis mereka
Pada akhirnya ada polling: "Berapa banyak posting tutorial harus dibagi? Silakan pilih."
( ) ! , tutorial Patroni. . – . Zalando . Patroni. , . , , , , failover Patroni. - , , , .
$ git clone https://github.com/alexeyklyukin/patroni-training
$ cd patroni-training
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh
$ sudo -iu postgres
$ cd patroni
$ ls
postgres0.yml postgres1.yml postgres2.yml
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. Patroni failover.
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. , , , , . - , , , . - , , . . () .
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, , failover. Patroni.
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, . . , SIGHUP. , Postgres . SIGHUP maintenance_work_memory , 128 MB.
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.
, . ? , . , . . . , .
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. . Batman – . , . - .
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, . . , , «loop_wait». . . , .
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, : ttl , loop_wait + 2 retry_timeout. , loop_wait, retry_timeout ttl.
? . . . loop_wait , ttl . loop_wait 10 , ttl 5. , Patroni . , .
«patronictl edit-config» ttl 5 , loop_wait 10 . , .
. , watchdog’, Patroni, , . watchdog, , . ? , .
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, . , . . . . , REST API , , . , promotion. .
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, , , . . , , . . . , . , , . . , ttl , loop_wait + retry_timeout *2.
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, , retry_timeout . , . retry_timeout - etcd, Patroni demoting . -, , , , ttl 60 , , switches . 30 . -, .
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, PostgreSQL «use_pg_rewind», , pg_rewind. Patroni, Postgres. Postgres. , . . . . , .
, , bootstrap Patroni, . Patronictl, . . etcd. Patronictl .
. . , , etcd , bootstrap, , . .
? Postgres? .
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. etcd. etcd config. .
etcdctl ls / service/batman/config
. , etcd . Patroni.yaml, . . - . production, , , - .
- Postgres. alter system -.
. , etcd . , bootstrap, . , retry_timeout, Postgres. etcd - postgresql parameters. , , Patroni , Patroni, .
patronictl , . , json, patronictl yml, – . json – .
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. . , , postgresql.conf, Patroni , . postgresql.conf. , . . , . Patroni.
include ‘postgresql.base.conf’. .
base . Patroni – , base , - , . . , Git, , .
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? alter system. , base.conf . alter system - , , , . , , Patronictl edit-config , maintenance_woke_mem shared_buffers. .
, . . . config. patroni.yaml. patroni.yaml , , config, , . alter system, . - alter system, , , max_connections, Patroni pending_restart.
alter system max_connections .
, . . Shares_buffers.
, . . . , . max_connections, max_locks_per_transaction, wal_level. Wal_revel wal . , . wal’ .
Patroni . , logical.
Patroni? Postgres . . Patroni. Patronictl edit-config . , , , , .
Patroni REST API, . , .
Patroni endpoints REST API. – , GET requests. , options , .
? 200 K, , . PostgreSQL recovery .
200 OK , , read-only , Postgres . . . Postgres , -, 503.
, . , endpoint /master 503.
Patroni. , . . . json-, xlog’, Postgres - . , . , Patroni 200.
endpoint /config. , , Patronicrl. .
Patroni /switchover /failover. Switchover, , . . . , , - , - , , , - . , , .
Patroni REST API Postgres. /restart endpoint.
Patroni . . . , pg_rewind . . , wal’ , , -. – /reinitialize, . . Postgres, - base_backup.
endpoints Patronictl .
Patroni endpoint ? json-. database_system_identifier. , , . , , . batman. , Postgres .
. , .
server_version Postgres. – 10.0. , Postgres .
. , – , , timeline – 2.
xlog -, , xlog’ , .
timestamp – null. replayed_timestamp – null? , . , , , timestamp .
replayed_timestamp - , received 300 . ? ? , , . , received_timestamp , replayed_timestamp. , , , .
endpoints Postgres, Patroni.
endpoints , , - .
HAProxy . HAProxy , , – ? 200, 503. , . HAProxy , , . .
? , - IP -, IP. DNS, IP - .
Patroni - . shell script. Patroni . , Postgres, , on _start, Postgres , on_stop. on_reload, on_restart – .
On_role_change – . , , . . . Patroni pg_ctl promote. Patroni , on_role_change. , , IP , .
? , . IP . HAProxy – . HAProxy , . . confd. , etcd, ZooKeeper . https://github.com/zalando/patroni/blob/master/extras/confd/conf.d/haproxy.toml
, , etcd - . . . , confd . , reload, . . HAProxy.
, template HAProxy. max_connections, - . , .
? «on-marked-down shutdown-sessions». ? , 200, 503 , HAProxy . , , . , Postgres - . . HAProxy . , HAProxy health checks .
? confd, config PgBouncer. , PgBouncer . , , failover , . PgBouncer .
Postgres 10- connection string. read-write libpq . , , . read only -.
callbacks. , -.
callbacks , service_ip ( ip), .
promotion , service_ip. . . , , .
, -, callback , -, , . . . , on_role_change. scope – .
callbacks? . , -. callback , , , callback, . , , -, , IP - , . issue, .
? , - - , ?
tags. Patroni . . etcd, . .
, , nofailover true. false.
noloadbalance. read only, noloadbalance HAProxy , , 503, , true.
. clonefrom. , basebackup. , pg_basebackup , . - , , , . , , , . - clonefrom, Patroni basebackup . , - .
. , - -. . , , . nosync.
Patroni . , - . ? -. - . - , , . . . – . , .
Replicatefrom , . ? Patroni replication-. replication- - , , . . . , , - , , , .
replication-? , wal-, , Postgres - .
, Patroni etcd.
. postges2.yml . , postgres1. , postgres1 replication- postgres2 .
switchover failover? failover ?
Switchover – . . . .
Failover – , .
failover . , ? , . etcd xlog’. . , -, . 10 MB, , . , lag , 10 MB , . , , . manual failover. - , , . . , .
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switchover.
. . switchover. . , .
. , . , , .
switchover. , : patronictl switchover batman. batman. , Patronictl , etcd.
postgres1. – enter, . . . . . , . , , . . Postgres.
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. . . . , , . , , , Postgres. - 4 – switchover, , Patroni. AWS. , , , .
, 150 – . Patroni .
«», , . Patronictl . – ? postgresql0 postresql1. : «?». , . , .
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, stopped running. .
Patroni. ? . lock’. . , , .
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, , , . , , . . manual failover: demoting myself.
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, demoting. , . – pg_rewind. pg_rewind clean shutdown.
? . . , switchover. . , switchover, Patroni . , , Patroni switchover. Patronictl , switchover, - . . , , switchover.
Postgres. ? pg_ctl –d data directory restart.
. – , promote. , , , Postgres.
Postgres – , , Postgres.
. . , , «restart». restart’ . . restart’ , , .
scheduled restart. , Postgres , , , , . , scheduled failover. , , restart - . Patroni restart. patronictl list, , .
, Patroni . , Patronictl failover, . . restart , , . , restart . restart , , restart, . , restart , , Patroni, , . lock , restart.
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GitLab , GitLab ?
, . , , .
, . . Pg_basebackup - - . - . - . , game over. , , - – , , .
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, «patronictl reinit cluster» ? Reinit . Reinit , Postgres , switchover - , . .
. ? Patroni, postgres-. failover. , - .
. , Patroni failover, - postgres-, , - . , – , Patroni . , .
. Patronictl . . . . , . , , etcd . loop_wait.
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, . . . , , basebackup .
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. , Patroni , .
promote , . . . . , «pg_ctl posgresql1 promote».
? Patroni . . . , multi-, . split-brain. split-brain . Patroni . promote.
? Patroni , , lock’ . . . etcd , , etcd , . , , lock’.
lock’, REST API , , 503. lock’ 200. 503? , , REST API . REST API , 503. , , , , 503. , , .
, split-brain , lock’, ? immediate shutdown, . . Patroni , , . immediate shutdown. Postgres . , Patroni pg_rewind , , , .
pg_rewind. standby, secondary. . . . Patroni split-brain, .
. . Patroni . true false.
. ? Patroni , , . «synchronous standby name». Postgres. synchronous standby name, . . .
Patroni failover , . , , , , Patroni failover - , .
? , . - , , - . Patroni? Patroni . . .
, , - nosync, , , Patroni .
. . , . . . , , , .
, , , , . Patroni . synchronous_mode_strict, . . .
, . , , , .
. , Postgres , . – . . . , . , .
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, ? , . GitHub, . , . , , Quorum , 10-.
, . . . . . – . synchronous_mode: true. false . – .
, . , lock. . , . , , , . Patroni , «synchronous_standby_names». Postgres, , postgresql1. Postgres , postgresql1 standby.
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. synchronous_mode: false. . , . list, , . async endpoint, 200. sync endpoint, 503. . . , .
, Patroni.
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, , basebackup, https://github.com/wal-e/wal-e ( wal-g). , , - , wal-e.
, . , Patroni - , Patroni , - . create_replica_method. .
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? . , , no_master. , , .
? - , . . . Patroni. Patroni , .
, . wal- basebackup, pg_dump.
. – . . . . . wale_restore. , Patroni . wale_restrore. , , . - , . connstring, . ? , , , WAL . , basebackup. . ., , .
no_master. Envdir — , wal_e. , retries. .
, , 0, , . , Patroni . , . .
, , Patroni initdb.
, - . production - . .
custom bootstrap. , custom replica, create method, . . - . . . command. – s3.
point in time recovery. . . , - . - . , . , , s3 - , recovery target timeline.
, s3, Patroni recovery.conf . , , , timeline promote , recovery target timeline, promote , . . target timeline, . . - .
, , Patroni Postgres. Postgres wal’ - , s3 . - promote. Patroni post_bootstrap script. ? - , - . , , .
initdb . . . - initdb. , trust , localhost.
, instance Patroni . . . bootstrap . , . - bootstrap , Patroni initialize . , .
, post_bootstrap . , pg_stat_statements extension temlate1. ? - pg_stat_statements. . extension , superuser, superuser’. .
Patroni. . -, , , . . , scope . batman.
Namespace – , etcd . – , . Patroni, -. , namespace .
- REST API Patroni . Patroni etcd, bootstrap, Postgres, watchdog tags.
restapi , API . SSL authentication.
DCS , etcd, Consul, . , , . , , , - . .
ZooKeeper , , . ZooKeeper . Exhibitor , , , .
Bootstrap . , , Bootstrap , .
bootstrap_method .
. listen_address connect_address. Listen_address – Postgres . Connect_address – , etcd , . .
– authentication. , Patroni superuser . , .
- Postgres .
callback replica_method .
, . , . safety_margin. : «, 5 , , ». . . , -.
tags .
yml-. environment. .
environment variables. Patroni configuration. , environment variables . , - config , .
troubleshooting – , .
, . , .
. . etcd, etcd - , , etcd, . , , etcd . .
. Debian. postgres, pg_ctl path. Patroni. Patroni . subprocess. call, . . . , pg_ctl. , , , Postgres.
. , bindir. , . path , Postgres.
, Patroni . , , . ( 10 ) , , . .
initdb Patronictl.yml. . , «data-checksums», checksums, , . initdb , --data-checksums. --data-checksums: true, - data-checksums. Patroni, , . - data-checksums: true, , , data-checksums . initdb , Patroni , .
. Yaml – , . . . yaml, yaml. yaml , . . yaml , Python, . , yaml , .
, ? , . , . .
, - , yaml , production.
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, , initdb, ? , initdb, . postgres- , , , initdb .
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. Debian, -, - .
.
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