Memprogram game untuk perangkat yang disematkan di ESP32

Bagian 0: motivasi

pengantar

Odroid pergi

Keterbatasan

Kenapa semua masalah?

Seberapa rendah perkembangannya?

Bagian 1: membangun sistem

pengantar

C atau C ++

Proyek minimal

IDF_PATH=
IDF_TOOLS_PATH=


if [ -z "$IDF_PATH" ]
then
	echo "IDF_PATH not set"
	return
fi

if [ -z "$IDF_TOOLS_PATH" ]
then
	echo "IDF_TOOLS_PATH not set"
	return
fi


export IDF_PATH
export IDF_TOOLS_PATH

source $IDF_PATH/export.sh

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

set(COMPONENTS "esptool_py main")

include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)

project(game)

idf_component_register(
	SRCS "main.c"
    INCLUDE_DIRS "")

#include <stdio.h>
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/task.h>


void app_main(void)
{
	for (;;)
	{
		printf("Hello World!\n");
		vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
	}

	// Should never get here
	esp_restart();
}

Komponen

app_trace app_update bootloader bootloader_support cxx driver efuse esp32 esp_common esp_eth esp_event esp_ringbuf
esp_rom esp_wifi espcoredump esptool_py freertos heap log lwip main mbedtls newlib nvs_flash partition_table pthread
soc spi_flash tcpip_adapter vfs wpa_supplicant xtensa

Total sizes:
 DRAM .data size:    8476 bytes
 DRAM .bss  size:    4144 bytes
Used static DRAM:   12620 bytes ( 168116 available, 7.0% used)
Used static IRAM:   56345 bytes (  74727 available, 43.0% used)
      Flash code:   95710 bytes
    Flash rodata:   40732 bytes
Total image size:~ 201263 bytes (.bin may be padded larger)
Per-archive contributions to ELF file:
            Archive File DRAM .data & .bss   IRAM Flash code & rodata   Total
                  libc.a        364      8   5975      63037     3833   73217
              libesp32.a       2110    151  15236      15415    21485   54397
           libfreertos.a       4148    776  14269          0     1972   21165
                libsoc.a        184      4   7909        875     4144   13116
          libspi_flash.a        714    294   5069       1320     1386    8783
                libvfs.a        308     48      0       5860      973    7189
         libesp_common.a         16   2240    521       1199     3060    7036
             libdriver.a         87     32      0       4335     2200    6654
               libheap.a        317      8   3150       1218      748    5441
             libnewlib.a        152    272    869        908       99    2300
        libesp_ringbuf.a          0      0    906          0      163    1069
                liblog.a          8    268    488         98        0     862
         libapp_update.a          0      4    127        159      486     776
 libbootloader_support.a          0      0      0        634        0     634
                libhal.a          0      0    519          0       32     551
            libpthread.a          8     12      0        288        0     308
             libxtensa.a          0      0    220          0        0     220
                libgcc.a          0      0      0          0      160     160
               libmain.a          0      0      0         22       13      35
                libcxx.a          0      0      0         11        0      11
                   (exe)          0      0      0          0        0       0
              libefuse.a          0      0      0          0        0       0
         libmbedcrypto.a          0      0      0          0        0       0
     libwpa_supplicant.a          0      0      0          0        0       0

Konfigurasi proyek

source export.sh
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..

Memperluas memori flash hingga 16 MB

Nyalakan RAM SPI eksternal

Turunkan frekuensinya

# Set flash size to 16MB
CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_16MB=y

# Set CPU frequency to 80MHz
CONFIG_ESP32_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_80=y

# Enable SPI RAM and allocate with heap_caps_malloc()
CONFIG_ESP32_SPIRAM_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_SPIRAM_USE_CAPS_ALLOC=y

game
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── export.sh
├── main
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   └── main.c
└── sdkconfig.defaults

Bangun dan flash

make
make flash
make monitor

make flash monitor

Referensi

• Dokumentasi ESP-IDF: Build System
• Dokumentasi FreeRTOS: vTaskDelay

Bagian 2: input

pengantar

Tombol

GPIO

Inisialisasi

const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_A = GPIO_NUM_32;
const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_B = GPIO_NUM_33;
const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_START = GPIO_NUM_39;
const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_SELECT = GPIO_NUM_27;
const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_VOLUME = GPIO_NUM_0;
const gpio_num_t BUTTON_PIN_MENU = GPIO_NUM_13;

gpio_config_t gpioConfig = {};

gpioConfig.mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
gpioConfig.pull_up_en = GPIO_PULLUP_ENABLE;
gpioConfig.pin_bit_mask =
	  (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_A)
	| (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_B)
	| (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_START)
	| (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_SELECT)
	| (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_VOLUME)
	| (1ULL << BUTTON_PIN_MENU);

ESP_ERROR_CHECK(gpio_config(&gpioConfig));

Tombol membaca

int a = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_A);
int b = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_B);
int select = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_SELECT);
int start = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_START);
int menu = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_MENU);
int volume = !gpio_get_level(BUTTON_PIN_VOLUME);

Crosspiece (D-pad)

ADC

Konfigurasi

const adc1_channel_t DPAD_PIN_X_AXIS = ADC1_GPIO34_CHANNEL;
const adc1_channel_t DPAD_PIN_Y_AXIS = ADC1_GPIO35_CHANNEL;

ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc1_config_width(ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc1_config_channel_atten(DPAD_PIN_X_AXIS,ADC_ATTEN_DB_11));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc1_config_channel_atten(DPAD_PIN_Y_AXIS,ADC_ATTEN_DB_11));

Membaca silang

const uint32_t ADC_POSITIVE_LEVEL = 3072;
const uint32_t ADC_NEGATIVE_LEVEL = 1024;

uint32_t dpadX = adc1_get_raw(DPAD_PIN_X_AXIS);

if (dpadX > ADC_POSITIVE_LEVEL)
{
	// Left pressed
}
else if (dpadX > ADC_NEGATIVE_LEVEL)
{
	// Right pressed
}


uint32_t dpadY = adc1_get_raw(DPAD_PIN_Y_AXIS);

if (dpadY > ADC_POSITIVE_LEVEL)
{
	// Up pressed
}
else if (dpadY > ADC_NEGATIVE_LEVEL)
{
	// Down pressed
}

Pemilihan

typedef struct
{
	uint16_t a : 1;
	uint16_t b : 1;
	uint16_t volume : 1;
	uint16_t menu : 1;
	uint16_t select : 1;
	uint16_t start : 1;
	uint16_t left : 1;
	uint16_t right : 1;
	uint16_t up : 1;
	uint16_t down : 1;
} Odroid_Input;

Demo

void app_main(void)
{
	Odroid_InitializeInput();

	for (;;)
	{
		Odroid_Input input = Odroid_PollInput();

		printf(
			"\ra: %d  b: %d  start: %d  select: %d  vol: %d  menu: %d  up: %d  down: %d  left: %d  right: %d",
			input.a, input.b, input.start, input.select, input.volume, input.menu,
			input.up, input.down, input.left, input.right);

		fflush(stdout);

		vTaskDelay(250 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
	}

	// Should never get here
	esp_restart();
}

Referensi

• Skema Odroid pergi
• Dokumentasi ESP-IDF: ADC
• Dokumentasi ESP-IDF: GPIO

Bagian 3: tampilan

pengantar

SPI

• MOSI -> VSPI.MOSI -> IO23
• MISO -> VSPI.MISO -> IO19
• SCK -> VSPI.SCK -> IO18
• CS0 -> VSPI.CS0 -> IO5

const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_MISO = GPIO_NUM_19;
const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_MOSI = GPIO_NUM_23;
const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_SCLK = GPIO_NUM_18;
const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_CS = GPIO_NUM_5;
const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_DC = GPIO_NUM_21;
const gpio_num_t LCD_PIN_BACKLIGHT = GPIO_NUM_14;
const int LCD_WIDTH = 320;
const int LCD_HEIGHT = 240;
const int LCD_DEPTH = 2;


spi_bus_config_t spiBusConfig = {};
spiBusConfig.miso_io_num = LCD_PIN_MISO;
spiBusConfig.mosi_io_num = LCD_PIN_MOSI;
spiBusConfig.sclk_io_num = LCD_PIN_SCLK;
spiBusConfig.quadwp_io_num = -1; // Unused
spiBusConfig.quadhd_io_num = -1; // Unused
spiBusConfig.max_transfer_sz = LCD_WIDTH * LCD_HEIGHT * LCD_DEPTH;

ESP_ERROR_CHECK(spi_bus_initialize(VSPI_HOST, &spiBusConfig, 1));

spi_handle_t gSpiHandle;

spi_device_interface_config_t spiDeviceConfig = {};
spiDeviceConfig.clock_speed_hz = SPI_MASTER_FREQ_40M;
spiDeviceConfig.spics_io_num = LCD_PIN_CS;
spiDeviceConfig.queue_size = 1;
spiDeviceConfig.flags = SPI_DEVICE_NO_DUMMY;

ESP_ERROR_CHECK(spi_bus_add_device(VSPI_HOST, &spiDeviceConfig, &gSpiHandle));

• clock_speed_hz — - , SPI 40 , . 80 , .
• spics_io_num — CS, IDF CS, ( SD- SPI).
• queue_size — 1, ( ).
• flags - driver IDF SPI biasanya memasukkan bit kosong dalam transmisi untuk menghindari masalah waktu selama membaca dari perangkat SPI, tetapi kami melakukan transmisi satu arah (kami tidak akan membaca dari tampilan). SPI_DEVICE_NO_DUMMY melaporkan bahwa kami mengonfirmasi transmisi satu arah ini dan kami tidak perlu memasukkan bit kosong.

gpio_set_direction(LCD_PIN_DC, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
gpio_set_direction(LCD_PIN_BACKLIGHT, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);

Tim

1. Kami memberikan sinyal rendah ke DC
2. Kami mengirim satu byte dari perintah
3. Kami memberikan sinyal tinggi ke DC
4. Kirim nol atau lebih byte, tergantung pada persyaratan perintah
5. Ulangi langkah 1-4

typedef enum
{
	SOFTWARE_RESET = 0x01u,
	SLEEP_OUT = 0x11u,
	DISPLAY_ON = 0x29u,
	COLUMN_ADDRESS_SET = 0x2Au,
	PAGE_ADDRESS_SET = 0x2Bu,
	MEMORY_WRITE = 0x2Cu,
	MEMORY_ACCESS_CONTROL = 0x36u,
	PIXEL_FORMAT_SET = 0x3Au,
} CommandCode;

Meluncurkan

typedef struct
{
	CommandCode code;
	uint8_t parameters[15];
	uint8_t length;
} StartupCommand;

• kode adalah kode perintah.
• parameter adalah larik parameter perintah (jika ada). Ini adalah array statis ukuran 15, karena ini adalah jumlah maksimum parameter yang kita butuhkan. Karena sifat statis array, kami tidak perlu khawatir mengalokasikan array dinamis untuk setiap perintah setiap waktu.
• panjang adalah jumlah parameter dalam array parameter .

StartupCommand gStartupCommands[] =
{
	// Reset to defaults
	{
		SOFTWARE_RESET,
		{},
		0
	},

	// Landscape Mode
	// Top-Left Origin
	// BGR Panel
	{
		MEMORY_ACCESS_CONTROL,
		{0x20 | 0xC0 | 0x08},
		1
	},

	// 16 bits per pixel
	{
		PIXEL_FORMAT_SET,
		{0x55},
		1
	},

	// Exit sleep mode
	{
		SLEEP_OUT,
		{},
		0
	},

	// Turn on the display
	{
		DISPLAY_ON,
		{},
		0
	},
};

• Mode Lansekap: Secara default, tampilan menggunakan orientasi potret (240x320), tetapi kami ingin menggunakan lansekap (320x240).
• Top-Left Origin: (0,0) , ( ) .
• BGR Panel: , BGR. , , , , .

• 16 bits per pixel: 16- .

#define BYTES_TO_BITS(value) ( (value) * 8 )

void SendCommandCode(CommandCode code)
{
	spi_transaction_t transaction = {};

	transaction.length = BYTES_TO_BITS(1);
	transaction.tx_data[0] = (uint8_t)code;
	transaction.flags = SPI_TRANS_USE_TXDATA;

	gpio_set_level(LCD_PIN_DC, 0);
	spi_device_transmit(gSpiHandle, &transaction);
}

void SendCommandParameters(uint8_t* data, int length)
{
	spi_transaction_t transaction = {};

	transaction.length = BYTES_TO_BITS(length);
	transaction.tx_buffer = data;
	transaction.flags = 0;

	gpio_set_level(LCD_PIN_DC, 1);
	spi_device_transmit(SPIHANDLE, &transaction);
}

#define ARRAY_COUNT(value) ( sizeof(value) / sizeof(value[0]) )

int commandCount = ARRAY_COUNT(gStartupCommands);

for (int commandIndex = 0; commandIndex < commandCount; ++commandIndex)
{
	StartupCommand* command = &gStartupCommands[commandIndex];

	SendCommandCode(command->code);

	if (command->length > 0)
	{
		SendCommandData(command->parameters, command->length);
	}
}

Gambar bingkai

#define UPPER_BYTE_16(value) ( (value) >> 8u )
#define LOWER_BYTE_16(value) ( (value) & 0xFFu )

void Odroid_DrawFrame(uint8_t* buffer)
{
	// Set drawing window width to (0, LCD_WIDTH)
    uint8_t drawWidth[] = { 0, 0, UPPER_BYTE_16(LCD_WIDTH), LOWER_BYTE_16(LCD_WIDTH) };
	SendCommandCode(COLUMN_ADDRESS_SET);
	SendCommandParameters(drawWidth, ARRAY_COUNT(drawWidth));

	// Set drawing window height to (0, LCD_HEIGHT)
    uint8_t drawHeight[] = { 0, 0, UPPER_BYTE_16(LCD_HEIGHT), LOWER_BYTE_16(LCD_HEIGHT) };
	SendCommandCode(PAGE_ADDRESS_SET);
	SendCommandParameters(drawHeight, ARRAY_COUNT(drawHeight));

	// Send the buffer to the display
	SendCommandCode(MEMORY_WRITE);
	SendCommandParameters(buffer, LCD_WIDTH * LCD_HEIGHT * LCD_DEPTH);
}

• Kami dapat membuat tugas FreeRTOS lain (tugas), yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengoordinasikan transaksi SPI.
• Anda dapat mentransfer bingkai bukan dalam satu, tetapi dalam beberapa transaksi.
• Anda dapat menggunakan transmisi non-pemblokiran, di mana kami memulai pengiriman, dan kemudian melanjutkan untuk melakukan operasi lain.
• Anda dapat menggunakan kombinasi metode di atas.

RGB565 dan urutan byte

#define SWAP_ENDIAN_16(value) ( (((value) & 0xFFu) << 8u) | ((value) >> 8u)  )
#define RGB565(red, green, blue) ( SWAP_ENDIAN_16( ((red) << 11u) | ((green) << 5u) | (blue) ) )

Demo

void app_main(void)
{
	Odroid_InitializeInput();
	Odroid_InitializeDisplay();

	ESP_LOGI(LOG_TAG, "Odroid initialization complete - entering main loop");

	uint16_t* framebuffer = (uint16_t*)heap_caps_malloc(320 * 240 * 2, MALLOC_CAP_DMA);
	assert(framebuffer);

	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;

	uint16_t color = 0xffff;

	for (;;)
	{
		memset(framebuffer, 0, 320 * 240 * 2);

		Odroid_Input input = Odroid_PollInput();

		if (input.left) { x -= 10; }
		else if (input.right) { x += 10; }

		if (input.up) { y -= 10; }
		else if (input.down) { y += 10; }

		if (input.a) { color = RGB565(0xff, 0, 0); }
		else if (input.b) { color = RGB565(0, 0xff, 0); }
		else if (input.start) { color = RGB565(0, 0, 0xff); }

		for (int row = y; row < y + 50; ++row)
		{
			for (int col = x; col < x + 50; ++col)
			{
				framebuffer[320 * row + col] = color;
			}
		}

		Odroid_DrawFrame(framebuffer);
	}

	// Should never get here
	esp_restart();
}

Sumber

Referensi

• Skema Odroid pergi
• Pergi bermain
• Dokumentasi ESP-IDF: Master SPI
• Lembar Data Driver LCD