👸🏼 🎱 👨🏻‍🔬 Prometheus: Pemantauan HTTP melalui eksportir Blackbox 👨‍🏭 😻 💂🏼

Halo semuanya. Pada bulan Mei, OTUS meluncurkan lokakarya tentang pemantauan dan penebangan , baik infrastruktur dan aplikasi, menggunakan Zabbix, Prometheus, Grafana dan ELK. Dalam hal ini, kami secara tradisional membagikan materi yang bermanfaat tentang topik tersebut.

Eksportir Blackbox untuk Prometheus memungkinkan Anda memantau layanan eksternal melalui HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, TCP, ICMP. Pada artikel ini, saya akan menunjukkan kepada Anda cara mengkonfigurasi pemantauan HTTP / HTTPS menggunakan eksportir Blackbox. Kami akan meluncurkan eksportir Blackbox di Kubernetes.

Lingkungan Hidup

Kami membutuhkan yang berikut:

Kubernetes
Operator Prometheus

Konfigurasi eksportir blackbox

Kami mengkonfigurasi Blackbox melalui ConfigMapuntuk mengkonfigurasi httpmodul pemantauan layanan web.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
  blackbox.yaml: |
    modules:
      http_2xx:
        http:
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Modul ini http_2xxdigunakan untuk memverifikasi bahwa layanan web mengembalikan kode status HTTP 2xx. Konfigurasi eksportir blackbox dijelaskan lebih rinci dalam dokumentasi .

Menyebarkan eksportir blackbox di cluster Kubernetes

Jelaskan Deploymentdan Serviceuntuk penyebaran di Kubernetes.

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9115
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
        - name: blackbox-exporter
          image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.15.1"
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          securityContext:
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 1000
          args:
            - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
          resources:
            {}
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9115
              name: http
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /config
              name: config
        - name: configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.2.2"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          securityContext:
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65534
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9115/-/reload
          resources:
            {}
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /etc/config
              name: config
              readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Eksportir blackbox dapat digunakan menggunakan perintah berikut. Namespace monitoringmerujuk pada Operator Prometheus.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f blackbox-exporter.yaml

Verifikasi bahwa semua layanan berjalan menggunakan perintah berikut:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring get all --selector=app=prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Periksa Blackbox

Anda dapat mengakses antarmuka web Blackbox eksportir dengan port-forward:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-blackbox-exporter 9115:9115

Terhubung ke antarmuka web Blackbox eksportir melalui browser web di localhost : 9115.

Jika Anda pergi ke alamat http: // localhost: 9115 / probe? Module = http_2xx & target = https: //www.google.com , Anda akan melihat hasil memeriksa URL yang ditentukan ( https://www.google.com ).

Nilai metrik probe_success1 berarti cek yang berhasil. Nilai 0 menunjukkan kesalahan.

Menyiapkan Prometheus

Setelah menggunakan eksportir BlackBox, konfigurasikan Prometheus prometheus-additional.yaml.

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  scrape_interval: 1w
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://www.google.com
      - http://www.example.com
      - https://prometheus.io
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Hasilkan Secretmenggunakan perintah berikut.

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Tentukan additional-scrape-configsuntuk Operator Prometheus menggunakan additionalScrapeConfigs.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheuses k8s
...
spec:
  additionalScrapeConfigs:
    key: prometheus-additional.yaml
    name: additional-scrape-configs

Kami masuk ke antarmuka web Prometheus, memeriksa metrik dan tujuan.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-k8s 9090:9090

Kami melihat metrik dan tujuan Blackbox.

Menambahkan aturan untuk notifikasi (peringatan)

Untuk menerima pemberitahuan dari eksportir Blackbox, tambahkan aturan ke Operator Prometheus.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: blackbox-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: ProbeFailed
      expr: probe_success == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Probe failed (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Probe failed\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowProbe
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow probe (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox probe took more than 1s to complete\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpStatusCode
      expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP Status Code (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP status code is not 200-399\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateWillExpireSoon
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate will expire soon (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate expires in 30 days\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateHasExpired
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()  <= 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate has expired (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate has expired already\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpSlowRequests
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_http_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP slow requests (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP request took more than 1s\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowPing
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_icmp_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow ping (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox ping took more than 1s\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

Di antarmuka web Prometheus, buka Status => Aturan dan temukan aturan peringatan untuk eksportir blackbox.

Mengkonfigurasi Kubernetes API Server Notifikasi Kedaluwarsa Sertifikat SSL

Mari mengatur pemantauan kadaluwarsa sertifikat SSL API Server Kubernetes. Dia akan mengirim pemberitahuan seminggu sekali.

Tambahkan modul eksportir Blackbox untuk Kubernetes API Server Authentication.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit configmap prometheus-blackbox-exporter
...
      kube-api:
        http:
          method: GET
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: false
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Menambahkan konfigurasi goresan Prometheus

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [kube-api]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://kubernetes.default.svc/api
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Terapkan Rahasia Prometheus

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Tambahkan aturan peringatan

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: k8s-api-server-cert-expiry
    rules:
    - alert: K8sAPIServerSSLCertExpiringAfterThreeMonths
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry{job="kube-api-blackbox"} - time() < 86400 * 90 
      for: 1w
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate will expire after three months (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate expires in 90 days\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

tautan yang bermanfaat

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Prometheus: Pemantauan HTTP melalui eksportir Blackbox