Google Earth Engine - Platform Analisis Big Geodata Unik


Earth Engine adalah platform berbasis cloud untuk analisis data geospasial pada skala planet. Ini memungkinkan Anda untuk menggunakan daya komputasi Google yang luas untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai masalah: hilangnya hutan, kekeringan, bencana alam, epidemi, keamanan pangan, pengelolaan air, perubahan iklim, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Untuk menghindari kebingungan dalam nama, kami segera menentukan bahwa Google Earth (alias Google Earth) dan Google Earth EngineAdalah dua produk yang berbeda. Yang pertama, tanpa memerlukan keterampilan komputer khusus dari pengguna, dirancang untuk memvisualisasikan gambar satelit dan memungkinkan Anda untuk melakukan perjalanan dan menjelajahi dunia, berinteraksi dengan bola dunia virtual. Yang kedua, yang mana artikel ini dikhususkan, terutama merupakan alat untuk analisis data. Menggunakan Earth Engine membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang area aplikasi dan kemampuan untuk menulis kode program. Tautan ke situs web resmi proyek.


Earth Engine — , , , , . Earth Engine .


, Earth Engine , . 2012 . , Earth Engine. , , , .




  1. 2.1.
    2.2.
    2.3.
    2.4.
    2.5.
    2.6.
    2.7.

  2. 3.1. Earth Engine Apps
    3.2. QGIS
  3. Earth Engine

  4. 6.1.
    6.2.
  5. Earth Engine

1.


2009 Google , - . .


2010 , Google, , Earth Engine. , Landsat, Google.


Earth Engine 2013 , . , , .


2016 Google Earth Timelapse — , , , . Earth Engine. , «Google Earth Engine» 2016 .



«Google Earth Engine» c 1 2009 16 2020 . 2010 , Earth Engine ; 2013 — ; 2016 — Google Earth Timeseries. . : Google Trends


Earth Engine — , . , , , . 2017 Remote Sensing of EnvironmentGoogle Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, .



, Google Earth Engine, Scopus, - .


2019 Earth Engine 29 600 , . Geo for Good Summit 2019, Google Earth Engine Google Earth Outreach, . , , . Google, Google Earth Earth Engine.


, Earth Engine 10 , , . , , .


2.


N. Gorelick, M. Hancher, M. Dixon, S. Ilyushchenko, D. Thau, and R. Moore, “Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 202, pp. 18–27, 2017 .


, Earth Engine — , . (API). JavaScript API, (Code Editor) « ». Python API Google Colab. Google.


Earth Engine :


  • - ,
  • -
  • (, )

. , , , . , . Earth Engine API Python, -IDE, JavaScript.



Earth Engine — - JavaScript.



Google Colab Python API.


, API JavaScript, , , — . . Python API Earth Engine - . , Earth Engine . Python API , , Folium. JavaScript API, , «» , Python API, Earth Engine.


Earth Engine Google, Earth Engine. , , . , .


, , , Earth Engine . , , , , « ».


, , Earth Engine . , , Google Drive.


2.1.


Earth Engine (Earth Engine Data Catalog) . , Landsat ( ), Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, Sentinel-5P , , , , - . , .


6000 . ( — «») REST- .



Earth Engine.


2.2.


Earth Engine , - Google:



Earth Engine Google Fusion Tables, 2019 .


. Earth Engine (Code Editor) REST API. « » (), , . , FlumeJava . , , , , . Borg , . , .



̈ Earth Engine. N. Gorelick et al. / Remote Sensing of Environment 202 (2017) 18–27; 2019 . Fusion Tables .


Earth Engine, , API. ( 2020 ), 1500 , , . : map() iterate(), . reduce(), , , . Earth Engine API Reference.


2.3.


Earth Engine , , «» (Image). , . - , . «/», , ​​ , , . , , , , « » (ImageCollection). , , . , Landsat-8, 2019 2020 , 10%.


, Earth Engine, . . 256×256 . « » (data cube), : , . , , , .



Earth Engine . , . .


, , , . , , . , , (, ), , , . , . -.


2.4.


, , , (per-band basis) (band-to-band basis), , , , , . , (table lookup), - , . , 20 , (), . (kernel), , , , , , , . , , , , , , (spectral unmixing), (region growing) (cost mapping).



, Earth Engine 1239 Landsat-8. . , 23 2019 .


, . (), / . , , Earth Engine , , , .


Earth Engine, , Python JavaScript, . - (ee.Image), (ee.ImageCollection) , (ee.Number), (ee.String), (ee.Geometry) (ee.List). - , , .


Earth Engine. «» , , . , , 3+7, 10. : , , , , . , , , « ».


Earth Engine , . , Earth Engine , () , . : (), .


, Earth Engine . - JavaScript:


//       
collection = ee.ImageCollection("LANDSAT8")
winter = collection.filter(ee.Filter.calendarRange(11, 1, "month"))
summer = collection.filter(ee.Filter.calendarRange(6, 8, "month"))
diff = summer.median().subtract(winter.median())

:


  1. winter: Landsat-8, ,
  2. summer: Landsat-8, ,

, median(), .



, . N. Gorelick et al. / Remote Sensing of Environment 202 (2017) 18–27.


«» , , , , .


Earth Engine : , , . , , , . , , , . « », . , , . , , . , .


Earth Engine . , ó , (batch-processing request) Earth Engine, , Tiff-, , . Google Drive .


2.5.


Earth Engine . .


2.5.1.


, , : . , , . . . . , « » . , , , .



. ( ) 2:1.


Earth Engine , . , , . 256×256 , .


pixel-at-time (--), . , Java JIT-, . , , , .


2.5.2.


, : , , . , , , . , , , .


Earth Engine , Scatter/Gather (/). , , , . , , , . , . , , , , .


MapReduce, , , , , , , . ( 1024×1024 ), . - , , , , , , - .


2.5.3.


(time series analysis). , , . — ( ). . , . . «» (stream) . , , , .


, (, ), . , . , , . , Landsat-5, -7 -8, 5 , 2000 , 500.


2.5.4.


Earth Engine , . , ( ) , , . , , , .


, , — . , , , . , , .


, , , , . . , , . , . , , , , . , , , .


2.6.


Earth Engine JIT- Java , . , JIT-, :


  1. Java JIT-
  2. C++
  3. , , C++,

, :


  1. SingleNode: , . .
  2. NormalizedDifference: , . : , , .
  3. DeepProduct: , 64 , 65 .
  4. DeepCosineSum: , DeepProduct, cos(a+b).
  5. SumOfProducts: , . 40 , 780 779 . , , , — .

256×256 , , -: Intel Sandy Bridge 2,6 . , , , 4 5 Java JIT- C++ 50%, C++.



Java JIT C++. N. Gorelick et al. / Remote Sensing ofEnvironment 202 (2017) 18–27.


2.6.1.


- Google . , , . Earth Engine ​​ CPU . , , , .


Earth Engine . Landsat , . Landsat-8 1T, 1 2014 31 2016 , :


  • (Contiguous United States): 26 961 1,21
  • : 77 528 3,14 .

, -. .



. N. Gorelick et al. / Remote Sensing of Environment 202 (2017) 18–27.


2.7.


Earth Engine ,
. , , , . , , , . , : , . , .


2.7.1.


Earth Engine , . , , . , , Earth Engine, . , Earth Engine , API Earth Engine, .


API- Earth Engine . , , 800 Earth Engine: ( ), . , , , , .


Earth Engine , , , . Earth Engine . 2017 :


  • : 270
  • : 40
  • , : 25

, . , , . , : 2000 . , , : 100 . , . , , (training set).


(jobs) , , - , , .


2.7.2.


, , , Earth Engine. , , , , , ( ). Earth Engine , , ( ).


Earth Engine , — , : , , , . , , , Earth Engine, .


Earth Engine, . Earth Engine . , Earth Engine, Google, , , Earth Engine.


2.7.3. -


Earth Engine «-». Earth Engine , , , (, Python) . - . , Earth Engine . , , , . - , - Earth Engine, . . , , , .


, ; TensorFlow .


2.7.4.


Earth Engine — , , , . , . , Google Compute Engine BigQuery.


3.


3.1. Earth Engine Apps


2018 Google API Earth Engine Apps Earth Engine. , Earth Engine JavaScrip API , , .


, Earth Engine Apps, URL-, . Earth Engine . Earth Engine Apps, .


Earth Engine , , . , . Earth Engine , , . , Earth Engine .



Earth Engine Apps , , API .


3.2. QGIS


Earth Engine QGIS — , . QGIS Earth Engine, «» Earth Engine QGIS Earth Engine Python API. , Google. , . QGIS.



Earth Engine QGIS QGIS Earth Engine, Earth Engine Python API.


4. Earth Engine


Earth Engine , , :



Earth Engine :




- CompareNO2, Earth Engine, . .



Earth Engine :



5.



6.


6.1.



6.2.


6.2.1.


Feedback→Send Code Editor feedback. , . , .



API ( ), IssueTracker — c .


6.2.2. API


  1. — , - .
  2. , «» : . , . .
  3. , , .

, , Earth Engine API , , .


6.2.3.


, Earth Engine . :


  1. .
  2. , «», , .
  3. , .

, .


6.2.4. API


  1. .
  2. , «» .
  3. , , , .

, .


7. Earth Engine


Earth Engine, . , .


, Sentinel Hub Sentinel Playground, Sentinel-2 web-, « » .


2017 . Copernicus, . DIAS (Data and Information Access Service — ):


  1. ONDA DIAS
  2. CREODIAS
  3. Mundi
  4. Sobloo
  5. Wekeo

, , . Earth Engine, . Copernicus , . , Earth Engine.


8.


, , , . . , — Google Earth Engine. , . .


, , . .


: , Google Earth Engine, , .


.


All Articles