Pernahkah Anda bereksperimen dengan kode atau utilitas sistem di Linux sedemikian rupa sehingga Anda tidak mengguncang sistem basis dan melepas semuanya jika terjadi kesalahan kode yang harus dijalankan dengan hak istimewa root?

Tetapi bagaimana dengan fakta bahwa, misalnya, perlu untuk menguji atau menjalankan seluruh gugus berbagai layanan microser pada satu mesin? Seratus atau bahkan seribu?

Dengan mesin virtual yang dikelola oleh hypervisor, tugas seperti itu dapat dan akan berhasil, tetapi berapa biayanya? Sebagai contoh, sebuah wadah di LXD berdasarkan distribusi Alpine Linux minimal mengkonsumsi semua 7.60MBRAM, dan di mana ia memakan partisi root setelah startup 9.5MB!~~Bagaimana Anda suka itu, Elon Musk?~~Saya sarankan untuk berkenalan dengan kemampuan dasar sistem kontainer LXD di Linux

Setelah secara umum menjadi jelas apa wadah LXD, mari kita lanjutkan dan pikirkan bagaimana jika ada platform-prosesor di mana akan aman untuk menjalankan kode untuk host, menghasilkan grafik, secara dinamis (interaktif) mengikat UI- widget dengan kode Anda, tambahkan kode dengan teks ~~blackjack ...~~memformat? Sesuatu seperti blog interaktif?~~Wow ... aku menginginkannya! Ingin!~~ :)

Lihatlah kucing tempat kami akan meluncurkan JupyterLab di dalam wadah - generasi berikutnya dari antarmuka pengguna, bukan Notebook Jupyter yang sudah usang, dan juga memasang modul Python seperti NumPy , Pandas , Matplotlib , IPyWidgets yang memungkinkan Anda melakukan semua hal di atas dan menyimpannya dalam file khusus - IPython-laptop .

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Kami akan menguraikan rencana tindakan singkat sehingga lebih mudah bagi kami untuk mengimplementasikan skema di atas:

Alpine Linux. , .
— hostfs . . . , . , .
Bash, sudo, ,
Python,
JupyterLab, , .

, LXD, — LXD — Linux.

^

— alpine3, — jupyterlab :

lxc init alpine3 jupyterlab --profile=default --profile=hddroot

hddroot root- Storage Pool HDD :

lxc profile show hddroot

config: {}
description: ""
devices:
  root:
    path: /
    pool: hddpool
    type: disk
name: hddroot
used_by: []

lxc storage show hddpool

config:
  size: 10GB
  source: /dev/loop1
  volatile.initial_source: /dev/loop1
description: ""
name: hddpool
driver: btrfs
used_by:
- /1.0/images/ebd565585223487526ddb3607f5156e875c15a89e21b61ef004132196da6a0a3
- /1.0/profiles/hddroot
status: Created
locations:
- none

HDD SSD :) ssdroot.

STOPPED, init-:

lxc start jupyterlab

LXD -c columns :

lxc list -c ns4b
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+
|    NAME    |  STATE  |       IPV4        | STORAGE POOL |
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+
| jupyterlab | RUNNING | 10.0.5.198 (eth0) | hddpool      |
+------------+---------+-------------------+--------------+

IP , default LXD — Linux.

IP , , . , .

eth0 ( ) lxdbr0 NAT , IP — 10.0.5.5:

lxc config device add jupyterlab eth0 nic name=eth0 nictype=bridged parent=lxdbr0 ipv4.address=10.0.5.5

, :

lxc restart jupyterlab

lxc list -c ns4b
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+
|    NAME    |  STATE  |       IPV4       | STORAGE POOL |
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+
| jupyterlab | RUNNING | 10.0.5.5 (eth0)  | hddpool      |
+------------+---------+------------------+--------------+

^

Package	Description
bash	The GNU Bourne Again shell
bash-completion	Programmable completion for the bash shell
sudo	Give certain users the ability to run some commands as root
shadow	Password and account management tool suite with support for shadow files and PAM
tzdata	Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data
nano	Pico editor clone with enhancements

, man-pages — man man-pages mdocml-apropos less

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add bash bash-completion sudo shadow tzdata nano

lxc — LXD
exec — LXD,
jupyterlab —
-- — , lxc
apk — Alpine Linux
add —

, - Europe/Moscow:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime

-, tzdata , , , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk del tzdata

lxc exec jupyterlab -- date

Wed Apr 15 10:49:56 MSK 2020

Bash , .bash_profile, .bashrc, .dir_colors /etc/skel , Bash , . , Manjaro Linux , , .

skel- . --create-dirs , :

lxc file push /etc/skel/.bash_profile jupyterlab/etc/skel/.bash_profile --create-dirs
lxc file push /etc/skel/.bashrc jupyterlab/etc/skel/.bashrc
lxc file push /etc/skel/.dir_colors jupyterlab/etc/skel/.dir_colors

root skel-:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.bash_profile /root/.bash_profile
lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /root/.bashrc
lxc exec jupyterlab -- cp /etc/skel/.dir_colors /root/.dir_colors

Alpine Linux /bin/sh, root Bash:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- usermod --shell=/bin/bash root

root . - , :)

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "PASSWD=\$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 12); echo \"root:\$PASSWD\" | chpasswd && echo \"New Password: \$PASSWD\""

New Password: sFiXEvBswuWA

— jupyter JupyterLab

lxc exec jupyterlab -- useradd --create-home --shell=/bin/bash jupyter

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "PASSWD=\$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 12); echo \"jupyter:\$PASSWD\" | chpasswd && echo \"New Password: \$PASSWD\""

New Password: ZIcbzWrF8tki

, sudo, jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- groupadd --system sudo
lxc exec jupyterlab -- groupmems --group sudo --add jupyter

, jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- id -Gn jupyter

jupyter sudo

— , .

sudo sudo. , sed /etc/sudoers:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- /bin/bash -c "sed --in-place -e '/^#[ \t]*%sudo[ \t]*ALL=(ALL)[ \t]*ALL$/ s/^[# ]*//' /etc/sudoers"

JupyterLab ^

JupyterLab — Python , . , JupyterLab pip, , , , — python3 python3-dev gcc libc-dev zeromq-dev:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add python3 python3-dev gcc libc-dev zeromq-dev

python- pip :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

JupyterLab pip:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install jupyterlab

JupyterLab jupyterlab, , .

NodeJS — NPM, JupyterLab :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add nodejs npm

JupyterLab , jupyter. , , . , JUPYTERLAB_DIR jupyter, .bashrc, :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "echo -e \"\nexport JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab\" >> .bashrc"

— JupyterLab:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build @jupyter-widgets/jupyterlab-manager"

JupyterLab, :

toc — Table of Contents, /
jupyterlab-horizon-theme — UI
jupyterlab_neon_theme — UI
jupyterlab-ubu-theme — :) , GitHub

, , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build @jupyterlab/toc @mohirio/jupyterlab-horizon-theme @yeebc/jupyterlab_neon_theme"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "wget -c https://github.com/microcoder/jupyterlab-ubu-theme/archive/master.zip"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "unzip -q master.zip && rm master.zip"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter labextension install --no-build jupyterlab-ubu-theme-master"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "rm -r jupyterlab-ubu-theme-master"

, , --no-build . :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "export JUPYTERLAB_DIR=\$HOME/.local/share/jupyter/lab; jupyter lab build"

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter -c "jupyter lab clean && jlpm cache clean && npm cache clean --force"

JupyterLab. , , JupyterLab bash' , , :)

jupyter:

lxc exec jupyterlab -- su -l jupyter

JupyterLab :

[jupyter@jupyterlab ~]$ jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser

web- http://10.0.5.5:8888 token . , Login. , , , JupyterLab development :

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, JupyterLab , NodeJS , . /home , , , . JupyterLab.

IPython- ( JupyterLab) — /home/jupyter, () , , JupyterLab hotkey — CTRL+C y . jupyter CTRL+D.

^

, , :

lxc config device add —
jupyter —
hostfs — . .
disk —
path — LXD
source — , .

lxc config device add jupyterlab hostfs disk path=/mnt/hostfs source=/home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks

/home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks UID SubUID + UID, . LXD — Linux.

, jupyter, $USER :

sudo chown 1001000:$USER /home/dv/projects/ipython-notebooks

Hello, World! ^

JupyterLab, --notebook-dir /mnt/hostfs :

jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --notebook-dir=/mnt/hostfs

http://10.0.5.5:8888 :

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Python Hello World!. CTRL+ENTER "play" JupyterLab :

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, , Python- ( ) Python JupyterLab, , :)

P.S. , Jupyter Jupyter Notebook JupyterLab. /tree, /lab, :

Jupyter Notebook — http://10.0.5.5:8888/tree
Jupyter Lab — http://10.0.5.5:8888/lab

Python ^

Python NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, IPyWidgets JupyterLab.

Python pip Alpine Linux:

g++ — , C++ Python
freetype-dev — Python Matplotlib

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add g++ freetype-dev

, Alpine Linux NumPy , :

ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

, , , :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- apk add py3-numpy py3-numpy-dev

Python- pip. , . ~15 :

lxc exec jupyterlab -- python3 -m pip install pandas matplotlib ipywidgets

lxc exec jupyterlab -- rm -rf /home/*/.cache/pip/*
lxc exec jupyterlab -- rm -rf /root/.cache/pip/*

JupyterLab ^

JupyterLab, , . CTRL+C y , JupyterLab "", Enter :

jupyter lab --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --notebook-dir=/mnt/hostfs

http://10.0.5.5:8888/lab , :

%matplotlib inline

from ipywidgets import interactive
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def f(m, b):
    plt.figure(2)
    x = np.linspace(-10, 10, num=1000)
    plt.plot(x, m * x + b)
    plt.ylim(-5, 5)
    plt.show()

interactive_plot = interactive(f, m=(-2.0, 2.0), b=(-3, 3, 0.5))
output = interactive_plot.children[-1]
output.layout.height = '350px'
interactive_plot

, IPyWidgets UI- , Matplotlib :

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IPyWidgets

? ^

, . JupyterLab " ", :) , , Bash :)

, :

IP /etc/hosts http://jupyter.local:8888
, LXD LXD.
:

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! . !

UPDATE: 15.04.2020 18:30 — "Hello, World!"
UPDATE: 16.04.2020 10:00 — JupyterLab
UPDATE: 16.04.2020 10:40 — " "

Luncurkan Jupyter ke orbit LXD

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^

^

JupyterLab ^

^

Hello, World! ^

Python ^

JupyterLab ^

? ^

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