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Pembuatan otomatis dari aplikasi Delphi

Cukup sering, saya menemukan fakta bahwa pengembang Delphi (bisa dikatakan secara tradisional) mengkompilasi aplikasi mereka dengan "pena", yang jauh dari solusi produksi, tetapi dari luar terlihat seperti scrub dan "lakukan dengan lutut" , meskipun produknya sangat serius dan dapat dijual. . Ini mungkin kembali ke waktu ketika untuk otomatisasi perlu untuk membuat file batch Anda sendiri yang memulai kompiler baris perintah dcc32dengan parameter yang diperlukan. Beberapa bahkan membuat sendiri "Penerbit" - Delphi-expert, yang melakukan pekerjaan server assembly: mengkompilasi proyek (meskipun terbuka di IDE), mengeksposnya dengan nomor versi tambahan yang diambil dari beberapa database, menulis semacam changelog dan menyalinnya di suatu tempat ke dalam direktori jaringan .


Saya tidak akan pergi ke wisata sejarah seperti sebelumnya . Saya akan memberi tahu Anda cara makan / sekarang, dan bagaimana menggunakannya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pekerjaan saya.


File proyek dari Delphi versi modern adalah .dprojfile (selanjutnya saya akan fokus pada Delphi 10 Rio, tetapi dengan sedikit perbedaan ini berlaku untuk semua versi Delphi sebelumnya, mulai dari 2007). Ini menyimpan semua pengaturan proyek, yang biasanya diubah dalam IDE (menu Project - Options (Ctrl+Shift+F11)). Dalam artikel ini, saya akan berkonsentrasi pada yang "inti" yang akan diperlukan untuk menunjukkan prinsip-prinsip umum: ini Configadalah konfigurasi, Platformplatform, OutputDirectoryjalur file output, dan ConditionalDefines(arahan kompilasi kondisional). Pengaturan lainnya, jika ada yang perlu diubah selama perakitan, saya mengusulkan untuk mengidentifikasi diri Anda. .dprojFile yang sama ini , jika Anda memeriksanya dengan editor teks biasa, tidak lebih dari skrip pembuatan MSBuild(mari kita membuat aplikasi konsol sederhana dan menyebutnya DelphiAutomatedBuild ):


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <PropertyGroup>
        <ProjectGuid>{6880AD8E-6CB3-47B9-B8E3-7304CF6E9735}</ProjectGuid>
        <ProjectVersion>18.1</ProjectVersion>
        <FrameworkType>None</FrameworkType>
        <MainSource>DelphiAutomatedBuild.dpr</MainSource>
        <Base>True</Base>
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Debug</Config>
        <Platform Condition="'$(Platform)'==''">Win32</Platform>
        <TargetedPlatforms>1</TargetedPlatforms>
        <AppType>Console</AppType>
    </PropertyGroup>
    ...

Skrip pembuatan MSBuild juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan proyek, seperti Visual Studio. Saya akan menyentuh beberapa detail MSBuild, tetapi saya menyarankan pembaca untuk menguasai dasar-dasarnya sendiri . Apa yang ini berikan pada kita? Ini memungkinkan kita untuk membangun proyek Delphi dari baris perintah dengan satu baris ( yang, pada gilirannya, memungkinkan kita untuk mengotomatiskan perakitan proyek )


msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj

MSBuild? Delphi, MSBuild , Delphi . , %WINDIR%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v3.5, .Net 4.0/4.5/4.6. Microsoft. MSBuild 4.0, ,


(hint: , () IDE — Show in Explorer, — ), :


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
"msbuild"     
,     .

. , MSBuild- PATH . :


set PATH=%WINDIR%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v3.5;%PATH%

:


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:12:14.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj : error MSB4057:      "build".
  "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"  (  build)  .

 .

"Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj" (  build ) (1) ->
  Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj : error MSB4057:      "build".

    : 0
    : 1

 : 00:00:00.04

, . ? build?


.dproj-, :


...
    <Import Project="$(BDS)\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets" Condition="Exists('$(BDS)\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets')"/>
...

Delphi
c:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Bin\CodeGear.Delphi.Targets, MSBuild-, Build:


<Target Name="Build"...

.. BDS ($(VAR) MSBuild (Property) VAR, , ), Delphi, (-, Delphi, BDS). $(BDS), .Targets Delphi Build.
:


set BDS=c:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0

...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:20:40.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
CreateProjectDirectories:
    ".\Win32\Debug".
BuildVersionResource:
  C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\bin\cgrc.exe -c65001 DelphiAutomatedBuild.vrc -foDelphiAutomatedBuild.res 
  CodeGear Resource Compiler/Binder
  Version 1.2.2 Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Embarcadero Technologies Inc.

  Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Resource Compiler Version 6.0.5724.0

  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

   "DelphiAutomatedBuild.vrc" .
_PasCoreCompile:
  C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\bin\dcc32.exe -$O- -$W+ --no-config -B -Q -TX.exe -AGenerics.Collections=System.Generics.Collections;Generics.Defaults=System.Generics.Defaults;WinTypes=Winapi.Windows;WinProcs=Winapi.Windows;DbiTypes=BDE;DbiProcs=BDE;DbiErrs=BDE -DDEBUG -E.\Win32\Debug -I"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\debug";"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -LE"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Bpl" -LN"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp" -NU.\Win32\Debug -NSWinapi;System.Win;Data.Win;Datasnap.Win;Web.Win;Soap.Win;Xml.Win;Bde;System;Xml;Data;Datasnap;Web;Soap; -O"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -R"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -U"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\debug";"c:\program files\embarcadero\studio\20.0\lib\Win32\release";C:\Users\USER\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports;"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\Imports";"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp";"C:\Program Files\Embarcadero\Studio\20.0\include";C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Programs\TestInsight\Source -CC -V -VN -NB"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\Dcp" -NH"C:\Users\Public\Documents\RAD Studio\5.0\hpp\Win32" -NO.\Win32\Debug   DelphiAutomatedBuild.dpr   
  Embarcadero Delphi for Win32 compiler version 30.0
  Copyright (c) 1983,2015 Embarcadero Technologies, Inc.
  19 lines, 0.27 seconds, 100748 bytes code, 26044 bytes data.
  "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"  (  build).

  .
    : 0
    : 0

 : 00:00:01.32

-! . Win32\Debug DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe.


( , Debug-), Release- ( ). IDE , , , , . .dproj-,


...
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Debug</Config>
...

, , / Config, , Debug. , IDE ( IDE Release —


...
        <Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Release</Config>
...

:


    {$IFDEF RELEASE}
    WriteLn('This is RELEASE build');
    {$ENDIF RELEASE}
    {$IFDEF DEBUG}
    WriteLn('This is DEBUG build');
    {$ENDIF DEBUG}

, conditional defines Release Debug- RELEASE DEBUG,


Config , :


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:Config=Release
Microsoft (R) Build Engine  12.0.21005.1
[Microsoft .NET Framework  4.0.30319.42000]
(C)   (Microsoft Corporation).   .

  24.11.2018 0:48:30.
 "Z:\habr\delphi-automate-build\DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"   1 (  build).
CreateProjectDirectories:
    ".\Win32\Release".
...

...>Win32\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build

...>Win32\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

!


( ) - , , , — - . , . .dproj:


...
        <DCC_ExeOutput>.\$(Platform)\$(Config)</DCC_ExeOutput>
...

? ( ), , ?


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

-! binaries, — DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe. ? , MSBuild, , , MSBuild-, , . . ...


. , (, ). , Config — Debug, — — Release, , -, (, DCC_ExeOutput ( — )), -, , ( , MSBuild- ).


...>msbuild /t:build DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

. ? !
Build. - , IDE ( ; , MMX: DProjNormalizer, DProjSplitter — ProjectMagician — .dproj-), . DAB.ciproj (CI-project, CI — Continuous Integration):


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <Target Name="Build">
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Debug"/>
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Release"/>
    </Target>
</Project>



...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries

… DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe binaries, , :


...>binaries\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

DCC_Exeoutput MSBuild — , . :


<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
    <Target Name="Build">
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Debug;DCC_Exeoutput=$(DCC_ExeOutput)\Debug"/>
        <MSBuild Projects="DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj"
            Targets="Build"
            Properties="Config=Release;DCC_Exeoutput=$(DCC_ExeOutput)\Release"/>
    </Target>
</Project>


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries


binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe.


...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build

...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build

, / conditional define (, -, , TRIAL )


-


    {$IFDEF TRIAL}
    WriteLn('This is TRIAL version');
    {$ENDIF TRIAL}

Debug- conditional define TRIAL , .dproj:


        <DCC_Define>DEBUG;TRIAL;$(DCC_Define)</DCC_Define>

, .. /p:DCC_Define=TRIAL,


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries /p:DCC_Define=TRIAL


...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is TRIAL version

...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is TRIAL version

, - , - DEBUG RELEASE, , .. define-.
, , . .
DCC_Define:


...>set DCC_Define=TRIAL
...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries
...

...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build
This is TRIAL version
...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build
This is TRIAL version

, , ( Git, SVN ) , , , , .


, . ? , , — - "-", , ( " " — ).


Windows/Delphi- Major.Minor.Release.Build, , , Release, , , . , , .dproj-


        <VerInfo_Keys>CompanyName=;FileDescription=;FileVersion=1.0.0.0;InternalName=;LegalCopyright=;LegalTrademarks=;OriginalFilename=;ProductName=;ProductVersion=1.0.0.0;Comments=</VerInfo_Keys>

, . FileVersion=0.0.0.0, , FileVersion=$(Version), Version — , , , IDE — , .. "" . . , , — CSV-, .
, . MSBuild 4.0 C#, ( , PATH ).


Delphi.Version.Targets
<Project xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003' ToolsVersion="12.0">
  <UsingTask TaskName="__SetFileVersion" TaskFactory="CodeTaskFactory" AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.Build.Tasks.v12.0.dll">
    <ParameterGroup>
      <VerInfoKeys ParameterType="System.String" Required="true" />
      <VerInfoProperties ParameterType="Microsoft.Build.Framework.ITaskItem[]" Required="true" />
      <Out ParameterType="System.String" Output="true" />
    </ParameterGroup>
    <Task>
      <Code Type="Fragment" Language="cs"><![CDATA[
        // split values as CSV (by ";")
        String[] verInfoKeysList = VerInfoKeys.Split(';');
        Dictionary<String, String> d = new Dictionary<String, String>();
        foreach (String verInfoValue in verInfoKeysList) {
            // split values as "key=value"
            if (! String.IsNullOrEmpty(verInfoValue)) {
                String[] kv = verInfoValue.Split('=');
                d.Add(kv[0], kv[1]);
            }
        }
        if (VerInfoProperties.Length > 0) {
          foreach (ITaskItem item in VerInfoProperties) {
            String value = item.GetMetadata("Value");
            if (value.Length > 0) {
              Log.LogMessage("{0}: {1}", item.ItemSpec, value);
              d.Remove(item.ItemSpec);
              d.Add(item.ItemSpec, value);
            }
          }
        }

        List<String> L = new List<String>();
        foreach (KeyValuePair<String, String> kv in d) {
            L.Add(kv.Key + "=" + kv.Value);
        }
        _Out = String.Join(";", L.ToArray());
]]></Code>
    </Task>
  </UsingTask>

  <Target Name='_SetVersionCode_Name'>
    <Message Text="$(VerInfo_Keys)" />

    <ItemGroup>
      <VerInfoProperties Include="FileVersion">
        <Value>$(FileVersion)</Value>
      </VerInfoProperties>
    </ItemGroup>
    <__SetFileVersion VerInfoKeys="$(VerInfo_Keys)" VerInfoProperties="@(VerInfoProperties)">
      <Output PropertyName="VerInfo_Keys" TaskParameter="Out" />
    </__SetFileVersion>
    <Message Text="$(VerInfo_Keys)" />
  </Target>

  <Target Name='_SetFileVersion' BeforeTargets="_BuildRCFile"
      Condition="'$(FileVersion)' != ''">
     <CallTarget Targets='_SetVersionCode_Name'/>
  </Target>
</Project>

.
DelphiAutomatedBuild.dproj


...
<Import Project="Delphi.Version.Targets" Condition="$(MSBuildToolsVersion) >= 4.0" />
...

( "$(MSBuildToolsVersion) >= 4.0" , IDE, , , MSBuild 3.5, UsingTask)


, _SetFileVersion, _BuildRCFile ( : , — . $(BDS)\bin\Codegear.Common.Targets), FileVersion. CSV- VerInfo_Keys, -, , VerInfo_Keys.


"Include version information in project" ( ), :


...>msbuild /t:build DAB.ciproj /p:DCC_ExeOutput=binaries /p:FileVersion=4.3.2.1

...>binaries\Debug\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is RELEASE build
This is TRIAL version
This file version is 4.3.2.1
...>binaries\Release\DelphiAutomatedBuild.exe
This is DEBUG build
This is TRIAL version
This file version is 4.3.2.1

Profit!



Delphi- , , , , , , . , ( ), .



  1. ( FixInsight, !)
  2. unit- Delphi (, ))). )
  3. "" Delphi- GitLab CI
  4. serta bagaimana Anda dapat menggunakan debugger WinDbg, misalnya, untuk menemukan alasan crash / crash aplikasi karena pustaka yang ditulis dalam Delphi (yah, tentu saja, bagaimana mengintegrasikan pembentukan file PDB yang diperlukan untuk ini ke dalam perakitan otomatis)

Z.Y. Saya akan dengan senang hati menjawab pertanyaan, termasuk di telegram, baik di PM dan di @Delphi_Lazarus dan @DelphiCommunity chatting

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