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pyqtdeploy, atau kita kemas program Python di exe'shnik ... dengan cara yang sulit

KDPV


Tentunya, setiap orang yang setidaknya sekali menulis sesuatu dengan Python berpikir tentang bagaimana mendistribusikan program mereka (atau bahkan skrip sederhana) tanpa sakit kepala: tanpa harus menginstal interpreter itu sendiri, berbagai dependensi, cross-platform, sehingga satu file -exe'shnikom (sebagai upaya terakhir, arsip) dan ukuran sekecil mungkin.


: PyInstaller, cx_Freeze, py2exe, py2app, Nuitka … , PyQt? , ( ) , PyQt, PyQt pyqtdeploy. , , , . , , , — ( ). , : , , , , .


pyqtdeploy , , , , ?


. linux. , "exe'" .


, ( ). PyInstaller — , , . 170 ( , PyQt5 180 ). , , — QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets — . --exclude-module . , --onefile , 60 , . , , ( - ) 170 .


pyqtdeploy. " PyQt… - , - PyQt Qt?" — .


pyqtdeploy? , , . ( , PyQt, ) Qt ( rcc) , C++, , //… . pyqtdeploy Python 3.5+ PyQt5. ( ):


  • exe' PyQt4 PyQt5, Python 2.7 Python 3.3+ ( Python 3.7.2);
  • ( exe') ( , — );
  • :
    • android-32;
    • android-64;
    • ios-64;
    • linux-64;
    • macos-64;
    • win-32;
    • win-64;
  • PyQt Qt , - QtCore, - .

pyqtdeploy


, Python 3.5+ PyQt5:


pip install PyQt5 pyqtdeploy

exe' :


  • Python-, (!);
  • sysroot , ;
  • "" .pdy, exe' ( Qt, PyQt, Python, );
  • exe' qmake.


: main.py — " " , mainwindow.py — , resources icon.png mainwindow.ui, Qt Designer. , :


main.py
src/
    |---__init__.py
    |---gui/
        |---mainwindow.py
        |---__init__.py
    |---resources/
        |---__init__.py
        |---images/
            |---icon.png
            |---__init__.py
        |---ui/
            |---mainwindow.ui
            |---__init__.py

sysroot ()


, , . sysroot.json ( , ). , (Python, Qt ..). pyqtdeploy API, , //whatever, pyqtdeploy. ( ):


openssl ( ) — (). , sysroot.json, :


"android|macos|win#openssl": {
    "android#source": "openssl-1.0.2r.tar.gz",
    "macos|win#source": "openssl-1.1.0j.tar.gz",

    "win#no_asm": true
}

, , : arch1|arch2|...#plugin-name. , (ios, android, macos, win, linux), — . , .


:


  • source () — ;
  • no_asm ( ) — . , PATH nasm;
  • python_source ( ) — , , OpenSSL macOS Python v3.6.4 ;

zlib ( ) — ( , , , ) ():


"ios|linux|macos|win#zlib": {
    "source": "zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz",

    "static_msvc_runtime": true
}

:


  • source () — , ;
  • static_msvc_runtime ( ) — MSVC (Windows);

qt5 () — ():


"qt5": {
    "android-32#qt_dir": "android_armv7",
    "android-64#qt_dir": "android_arm64_v8a",
    "ios#qt_dir": "ios",

    "linux|macos|win#source": "qt-everywhere-src-5.12.2.tar.xz",
    "edition": "opensource",

    "android|linux#ssl": "openssl-runtime",
    "ios#ssl": "securetransport",
    "macos|win#ssl": "openssl-linked",

    "configure_options": [
        "-opengl", "desktop", "-no-dbus", "-qt-pcre"
    ],
    "skip": [
        "qtactiveqt", "qtconnectivity", "qtdoc", "qtgamepad",
        ...
    ],

    "static_msvc_runtime": true
}

:


  • qt_dir ( , source) — Qt;
  • source ( , qt_dir) — Qt;
  • edition (, source) — 2 :
    • commercial;
    • opensource;
  • ssl — 3 :
    • openssl-linked — ( openssl);
    • securetransport — SSL, Qt (, , Apple’s Secure Transport);
    • openssl-runtime — OpenSSL, ;
  • configure_options — , Qt. , ;
  • skip — ( , top-level , ). Qt , qt — top-level . , , . , top-level ();
  • disabled_features — . configure -list-features ()
  • static_msvc_runtime ( ) — MSVC (Windows);

python () — ():


"python": {
    "build_host_from_source": false,
    "build_target_from_source": true,
    "source": "Python-3.7.2.tar.xz"
}

:


  • build_host_from_source () — true — Python , false — Python ( win32);
  • build_target_from_source () — true — Python , false — Python ( Python win32);
  • source (, Python ) — Python;
  • version (, Python) — Python;
  • dynamic_loading ( ) — true — (, C);
  • host_installation_bin_dir ( ) — Python, ( , win , — PATH);

sip () — , Python-bindings C/C++ ( ):


"sip": {
    "module_name": "PyQt5.sip",
    "source": "sip-4.19.15.tar.gz"
}

:


  • module_name () — sip-;
  • source () — sip;

pyqt5 () — ():


"pyqt5": {
    "android#disabled_features": [
        "PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL", "PyQt_Printer", "PyQt_PrintDialog",
        "PyQt_PrintPreviewDialog", "PyQt_PrintPreviewWidget"
    ],
    "android#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtAndroidExtras"
    ],

    "ios#disabled_features": [
        "PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL", "PyQt_MacOSXOnly",
        ...
    ],
    "ios|macos#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtMacExtras"
    ],

    "linux#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtX11Extras"
    ],

    "win#disabled_features": ["PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL"],
    "win#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtWinExtras"
    ],

    "source": "PyQt5_*-5.12.1.tar.gz"
}

:


  • disabled_features ( ) — . , , Qt ();
  • modules () — , ();
  • source () — PyQt;

pyqt3D, pyqtchart, pyqtdatavisualization, pyqtpurchasing, qscintilla ( ) — , PyQt. source — .


, . sysroot , . , , .


sysroot


sysroot.json :


{
    "linux#zlib": {
        "source": "zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz"
    },

    "linux#qt5": {
        "source": "qt-everywhere-src-5.12.2.tar",
        "edition": "opensource",

        "configure_options": [
            "-no-dbus", "-no-system-proxies", "-no-cups", "-no-sql-db2",
            "-no-sql-ibase", "-no-sql-mysql", "-no-sql-sqlite",
            "-no-sql-sqlite2", "-no-sql-oci", "-no-sql-odbc",
            "-no-sql-psql", "-no-sql-tds", "-no-sqlite", "-ccache",
            "-optimize-size"
        ],
        "skip": [
            "qt3d", "qtactiveqt", "qtandroidextras", "qtcanvas3d",
            "qtcharts", "qtconnectivity", "qtdatavis3d", "qtdeclarative",
            "qtdoc", "qtgamepad", "qtgraphicaleffects", "qtlocation",
            "qtmacextras", "qtmultimedia", "qtnetworkauth", "qtpurchasing",
            "qtquickcontrols", "qtquickcontrols2", "qtremoteobjects",
            "qtscript", "qtscxml", "qtsensors", "qtserialbus",
            "qtserialport", "qtspeech", "qtsvg", "qttools",
            "qttranslations", "qtvirtualkeyboard", "qtwayland",
            "qtwebchannel", "qtwebengine", "qtwebglplugin",
            "qtwebsockets", "qtwebview", "qtwinextras", "qtx11extras",
            "qtxmlpatterns"
        ],
        "disabled_features": [
            "network", "bearermanagement", "dnslookup", "dtls", "ftp",
            "http", "localserver", "networkdiskcache", "networkinterface",
            "networkproxy", "socks5", "udpsocket", "concurrent", "future",
            "cups", "printer", "printdialog", "printpreviewdialog",
            "printpreviewwidget", "sql", "sqlmodel", "testlib", "xml"
        ]
    },

    "linux#python": {
        "build_host_from_source": false,
        "build_target_from_source": true,
        "source": "Python-3.7.2.tgz",

        "dynamic_loading": true
    },

    "linux#sip": {
        "module_name": "PyQt5.sip",
        "source": "sip-4.19.15.tar.gz"
    },

    "linux#pyqt5": {
        "modules": ["QtCore", "QtGui", "QtWidgets"],
        "source": "PyQt5_*-5.12.2.tar.gz"
    }
}

? -, (, ssl, pyqt3D ). -, exe' linux ( , linux-64; , ).


, qt5 - , (, ). top-level QtBase. -optimize-size -ccache. Qt , , ( 5 ), , — ccache ( , linux), ( 5). , apt install ccache.


pyqt5 QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets.


python dynamic_loading, C-extension.


sysroot, : zlib, Qt5, Python, sip, PyQt5 sysroot.json ( , ). :


pyqtdeploy-sysroot sysroot.json

, .


--verbose. , , . , dev-. , . , python3-dev, (, Requirements). , Qt Python ( , ).


, , , .


"" ()


, , exe'. pyqtdeploy GUI. ( .pdy ):


pyqtdeploy main.pdy

Sumber aplikasi


Application Source. :


  • Name — exe';
  • Main script file ( , Entry Point) — , ( , main.py);
  • Entry Point ( , Main script file) — , setuptools;
  • sys.path — , zip- (, Python egg), sys.path ( , , );
  • Target Python version — Python;
  • Target PyQt version — PyQt4 PyQt5 (, , PyQt, );
  • Use console — , ( Windows). ;
  • Application bundle — , bundle ( MacOS);
  • Application Package Directory — , . Scan… "" (src) main.py, , . (.. main.py src), main.py ( , Main script file).

: .py "" ( -) — .


:


  • Scan… — Application Package Directory;
  • Remove all — Application Package Directory;
  • Include all — Application Package Directory;
  • Exclude all — Application Package Directory;
  • Exclusions — , Application Package Directory. ;

qmake. qmake, ( );


Modul PyQt


PyQt Modules. PyQt-, . , . QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, uic; sip .
PyQt, , ( ).


Perpustakaan standar


Standard Library. , , . - , . ( ) , ().


. - ( pip), - ( ), ImportError. . , PIL, fractions.


Python / (, ssl), . , . INCLUDEPATH (headers), LIBS — ( , ).


Paket lainnya


Other Packages. (, pypi). , Application source: , ( , site-packages virtual environment), Scan / ( PIL).


Other Extension Modules. C, exe' (; , , ).


, . . Package Lib.a, Name , — Package.Lib ( .a); LIBS , , -L/home/user1/venv/programme1/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Package -lLib ( , " ", /home/user1/venv/programme1/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Package/Lib.a).


, , -, , -, qmake ( , pyqt' ).


, , , Lib.so? — Package.Lib.so (.. , + ) exe'. , . , ImportError. , , _imaging.so, PIL'.


Locations. , . ( sysroot , main.pdy), .


exe' ()


- :


pyqtdeploy-build main.pdy
cd build-linux-64
../sysroot-linux-64/host/bin/qmake
make #nmake  win

, , — .


#1 — , ""


, exe', , PyInstaller:


if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    #   exe'
else:
    #    exe'

#2 — (, .)


Qt " ", rcc exe'. . icon.png src/resources/images, " " — :/src/resources/images/icon.png. , . — Qt' . .. - :


icon = QIcon(':/src/resources/images/icon.png')

. , , :


icon_file = open(':/src/resources/images/icon.png', 'rb')
icon = icon_file.read()

, open , , .


Qt (, , , GUI Qt Designer .ui, loadUi), - :


ui_file = QtCore.QFile(':/src/resources/images/icon.png')
ui_file.open(QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
data = ui_file.readAll()
ui_file.close()
ui_file = BytesIO(bytes(data))


, exe', - ? PyQt, , , . - ( PyInstaller). — . ~40 (c -optimize-size ~35 ), - , .


Ketika kami telah mengumpulkan Qt dan PyQt minimum yang diperlukan, alangkah baiknya untuk mencoba membuat exe berdasarkan pada mereka menggunakan PyInstaller atau cx_Freeze dan melihat ukurannya, tetapi ini, seperti kata mereka, adalah cerita lain ...

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/undefined/

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