पुस्तक "टेराफॉर्म: कोड स्तर पर बुनियादी ढाँचा"

• IaC का उपयोग क्यों करें?
• , , ?
• Terraform, Chef, Ansible, Puppet, Salt, CloudFormation, Docker, Packer Kubernetes?
• Terraform ?
• Terraform, ?
• Terraform, ?
• Terraform?
• Terraform ?
• Terraform ?

. Terraform

• मैनुअल परीक्षण की मूल बातें;
• परीक्षणों के बाद संसाधनों की सफाई।

• इकाई परीक्षण;
• एकीकरण परीक्षण;
• अंत-से-अंत परीक्षण;
• अन्य परीक्षण दृष्टिकोण।

मैनुअल परीक्षण

class WebServer < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
  def do_GET(request, response)
     case request.path
     when "/"
         response.status = 200
         response['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
         response.body = 'Hello, World'
     else
         response.status = 404
         response['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
         response.body = 'Not Found'
     end
  end
end

#   ,      
#  ,       
if __FILE__ == $0
  #      8000
  server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new :Port => 8000
  server.mount '/', WebServer

  #    Ctrl+C
  trap 'INT' do server.shutdown end

  #  
  server.start
end

$ ruby web-server.rb
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO ruby 2.3.7 (2018-03-28) [universal.x86_64-darwin17]
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19767 port=8000

$ curl localhost:8000/
Hello, World

$ curl localhost:8000/invalid-path
Not Found

class WebServer < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
  def do_GET(request, response)
     case request.path
     when "/"
         response.status = 200
         response['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
         response.body = 'Hello, World'
     when "/api"
         response.status = 201
         response['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
         response.body = '{"foo":"bar"}'
     else
         response.status = 404
         response['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
         response.body = 'Not Found'
     end
  end
end

$ ruby web-server.rb
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO ruby 2.3.7 (2018-03-28) [universal.x86_64-darwin17]
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19767 port=8000
^C
[2019-05-25 14:15:54] INFO going to shutdown ...
[2019-05-25 14:15:54] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start done.

$ ruby web-server.rb
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO ruby 2.3.7 (2018-03-28) [universal.x86_64-darwin17]
[2019-05-25 14:11:52] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19767 port=8000

$ curl localhost:8000/api
{"foo":"bar"}

मैनुअल परीक्षण मूल बातें

resource "aws_lb" "example" {
   name                     = var.alb_name
   load_balancer_type = "application"
   subnets                  = var.subnet_ids
   security_groups      = [aws_security_group.alb.id]
}

resource "aws_lb_listener" "http" {
   load_balancer_arn = aws_lb.example.arn
   port                      = local.http_port
   protocol                = "HTTP"

   #      404
   default_action {
      type = "fixed-response"

      fixed_response {
        content_type = "text/plain"
        message_body = "404: page not found"
        status_code = 404
      }
    }
}

resource "aws_security_group" "alb" {
   name = var.alb_name
}

# (...)

provider "aws" {
   region = "us-east-2"

   #     AWS  2.x
   version = "~> 2.0"
}

module "alb" {
    source = "../../modules/networking/alb"

    alb_name = "terraform-up-and-running"
    subnet_ids = data.aws_subnet_ids.default.ids
}

$ terraform apply

(...)

Apply complete! Resources: 5 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

Outputs:

alb_dns_name = hello-world-stage-477699288.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com

$ curl \
   -s \
   -o /dev/null \
   -w "%{http_code}" \
hello-world-stage-477699288.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com

404

इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर की जाँच

, HTTP, , , curl HTTP-. . , MySQL, MySQL. VPN-, VPN. , , SSH - . . , , . , .

resource "aws_lb_listener" "http" {
   load_balancer_arn = aws_lb.example.arn
   port                      = local.http_port
   protocol                = "HTTP"

   #      404
   default_action {
      type = "fixed-response"

      fixed_response {
       content_type = "text/plain"
       message_body = "404: page not found"
       status_code = 404
      }
   }
}

$ terraform apply

(...)

Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 1 changed, 0 destroyed.

Outputs:

alb_dns_name = hello-world-stage-477699288.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com

$ curl \
   -s \
   -o /dev/null \
   -w "%{http_code}" \
   hello-world-stage-477699288.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com
401

$ terraform destroy

(...)

Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 0 changed, 5 destroyed.

परीक्षणों के बाद संसाधन की सफाई

• cloud-nuke (http://bit.ly/2OIgM9r). , . AWS ( Amazon EC2 Instances, ASG, ELB . .). (Google Cloud, Azure) . — , . , cloud-nuke cron, . , , , :
  
  

  $ cloud-nuke aws --older-than 48h

• Janitor Monkey (http://bit.ly/2M4GoLB). , AWS , ( — ). , , , . Netflix Simian Army, Chaos Monkey . , Simian Army , : , Janitor Monkey Swabbie (http://bit.ly/2OLrOLb).
• aws-nuke (http://bit.ly/2ZBSTOe)। यह एक ओपन सोर्स टूल है जो AWS अकाउंट की सभी सामग्री को डिलीट करता है। हटाए जाने वाले खातों और संसाधनों को YAML प्रारूप में कॉन्फ़िगरेशन फ़ाइल में निर्दिष्ट किया गया है:
  
  

  #   
  regions:
  - us-east-2
  
  #    
  accounts:
     "111111111111": {}
  
  #    
  resource-types:
     targets:
     - S3Object
     - S3Bucket
     - IAMRole

  
  Aws-nuke निम्नानुसार शुरू होता है:
  
  

  $ aws-nuke -5c config.yml

स्वचालित परीक्षण

• . — . , . (, , - ) mock-. (, mock- , ) , .
• . . , . mock-: , , , , , , , mock-.
• . (, , , ) . : , Selenium . - mock-, ( , ).