पेड़ पर कैसे चढ़ेंगे

पहली चीजें पहले

• . , , , using typedef, . , . ;
• . , ;
• , , , ;
• . ( ). . , nullptr , , . ;
• . , . , .

यह काम किस प्रकार करता है

int f(int a, int b)
{
  return a + b;
}

f(42, 23);

साइकिल का कारखाना

int f(int a, int b)
{
  int c = a + b;
  c *= 2;
  if (c < 42) return c;
  return 42;
}

• अलग सूची।
• पूरी सूची।

void ProcessArguments(Ptree* arglist)
{
  if (!arglist) return;

  Ptree* args = Second(arglist);
  while (args)
  {
    Ptree* p = args->Car();
    if (!Eq(p, ','))
    {
      ProcessArg(p);
    }

    args = args->Cdr();
  }
}

bool IsFunctionCalled(const Ptree* body, std::string_view name)
{
  if (!arglist) return;

  const Ptree* statements = body;
  while (statements)
  {
    const Ptree* cur = statements->Car();
    if (IsA(cur, ntExprStatement) && IsA(cur->Car(), ntFuncallExpr))
    {
      const Ptree* funcName = First(cur->Car());
      if (Eq(funcName, name))
        return true;
    }

    statements = statements->Cdr();
  }
  return false;
}

पेड़ को बॉक्स में रखो

void DoSomethingWithTree(const Ptree* tree)
{
  ....
  for (auto cur : someTreeContainer)
  {
    ....
  }
}

template <typename Node_t,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int>>
class PtreeIterator
{
public:
  using value_type = Node_t;
  using dereference_type = value_type;
  using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
  using pointer   = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
  using difference_type =
    decltype(std::declval<pointer>() - std::declval<pointer>());
  using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

public:
  PtreeIterator(Node_t* node) noexcept : m_node{ node } {}
  ....

  PtreeIterator& operator++() noexcept
  {
    m_node = Rest(m_node);
    return *this;
  }
  dereference_type operator*() const noexcept
  {
    return static_cast<dereference_type>(First(m_node));
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_node = nullptr;
};

template <typename Node_t>
class PtreeContainer
{
public:
  using Iterator = PtreeIterator<Node_t>;
  using value_type = typename Iterator::dereference_type;
  using size_type  = size_t;
  using difference_type =
        typename Iterator::difference_type;

public:
  PtreeContainer(Node_t* nodes) :
    m_nodes{ nodes }
  {
    if (IsLeaf(m_nodes))
    {
      m_nodes = nullptr;
    }
  }

  ....

  Iterator begin() const noexcept
  { 
    return m_nodes;
  }
  Iterator end() const noexcept
  { 
    return nullptr; 
  }
  bool empty() const noexcept
  {
    return begin() == end();
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_nodes = nullptr;
};

enum class PtreeIteratorTag : uint8_t
{
  Statement,
  List
};

template <typename Node_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag,
  std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int> = 0>
class PtreeIterator { .... };

PtreeIterator& operator++() noexcept
{
  if constexpr (tag == PtreeIteratorTag::Statement)
  {
    m_node = Rest(m_node);
  }
  else
  {
    m_node = RestRest(m_node);
  }
  return *this;
}

template <typename Node_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag>
class PtreeContainer
{
public:
  using Iterator = PtreeIterator<Node_t, tag>;
  ....
};

लेकिन वह सब नहीं है

void ProcessEnum(Ptree* argList, Ptree* enumPtree)
{
  const ptrdiff_t argListLen = Length(argList);
  if (argListLen < 0) return;

  for (ptrdiff_t i = 0; i < argListLen; ++i)
  {
    std::string name;
    Ptree* elem;

    const EGetEnumElement r = GetEnumElementInfo(enumPtree, i, elem, name);
    ....
  }
}

void ProcessEnum(const Ptree* argList)
{
  for (auto elem : PtreeContainer<const Ptree, PtreeIteratorTag::List>(argList))
  {
    auto name = PtreeToString(elem);
    ....
  }
}

void ProcessEnum(const Ptree* argList)
{
  size_t i = 0;
  for (auto elem : PtreeContainer<const Ptree, PtreeIteratorTag::List>(argList))
  {
    auto name = PtreeToString(elem);
    ....
    UseIndexSomehow(i++);
  }
}

template <typename Node_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag,
  std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int>>
class PtreeCountingIterator
{
public:
  using size_type = size_t;
  using value_type = Node_t;
  using dereference_type = std::pair<value_type, size_type>;
  using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
  using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
  using difference_type =
        decltype(std::declval<pointer>() - std::declval<pointer>());
  using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

public:
  PtreeCountingIterator(Node_t* node) noexcept : m_node{ node } {}
  ....

  PtreeCountingIterator& operator++() noexcept
  {
    if constexpr (tag == PtreeIteratorTag::Statement)
    {
      m_node = Rest(m_node);
    }
    else
    {
      m_node = RestRest(m_node);
    }

    ++m_counter;
    return *this;
  }

  dereference_type operator*() const noexcept
  {
    return { static_cast<value_type>(First(m_node)), counter() };
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_node = nullptr;
  size_type m_counter = 0;
};

void ProcessEnum(const Ptree* argList)
{
  for (auto [elem, i] :
            PtreeCountedContainer<const Ptree, PtreeIteratorTag::List>(argList))
  {
    auto name = PtreeToString(elem);
    ....
    UseIndexSomehow(i);
  }
}

चिड़ियाघर के प्रकार

int a, b, c = 0, d;

void ProcessDecl(const PtreeDeclarator* decl) { .... }

void ProcessDeclarators(const PtreeDeclaration* declaration)
{
  for (auto decl : declaration->GetDeclarators())
  {
    ProcessDecl(static_cast<const PtreeDeclarator*>(decl));
  }
}

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag,
  std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int>>
class PtreeIterator
{
public:
  using value_type = Deref_t;
  using dereference_type = value_type;
  using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
  using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
  using difference_type =
        decltype(std::declval<pointer>() - std::declval<pointer>());
  using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
  ....
}

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementIterator =
PtreeIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::Statement>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeListIterator =
PtreeIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::List>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementCountingIterator =
PtreeCountingIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::Statement>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeListCountingIterator =
PtreeCountingIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::List>;

पैटर्न का जादू

• एक कंटेनर जो सार्वभौमिक रूप से किसी भी पुनरावृत्त के साथ काम कर सकता है।
• नोडर्स की सूची के आधार पर, एक पुनरावृत्तिकर्ता, प्रत्येक तत्व के साथ और एक के माध्यम से दोनों काम कर सकता है।
• एक ही पुनरावृत्त, लेकिन एक काउंटर के साथ।
• यदि आवश्यक रूप से निर्दिष्ट किया जाता है, तो दोनों पुनरावृत्तियों को डेरेफ़रिंग करते समय कास्ट करने में सक्षम होना चाहिए।

template <template <typename, typename> typename FwdIt,
          typename Node_t,
          typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
class PtreeContainer
{
public:
  using Iterator = FwdIt<Node_t, Deref_t>;
  using value_type = typename Iterator::dereference_type;
  using size_type  = size_t;
  using difference_type = typename Iterator::difference_type;

public:
  PtreeContainer(Node_t* nodes) :
    m_nodes{ nodes }
  {
    if (IsLeaf(m_nodes))
    {
      m_nodes = nullptr;
    }
  }

  ....
  Iterator begin() const noexcept
  { 
    return m_nodes;
  }
  Iterator end() const noexcept
  { 
    return nullptr; 
  }
  bool empty() const noexcept
  {
    return begin() == end();
  }
  ....

private:
  Node_t* m_nodes = nullptr;
};

difference_type count() const noexcept
{
  return std::distance(begin(), end());
}

value_type operator[](size_type index) const noexcept
{
  size_type i = 0;
  for (auto it = begin(); it != end(); ++it)
  {
    if (i++ == index)
    {
      return *it;
    }
  }

  return value_type{};
}

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeStatementIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeItemList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeListIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeCountedStatementList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeStatementCountingIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeCountedItemList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeListCountingIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

using DeclList =
      Iterators::PtreeItemList<Ptree, PtreeDeclarator*>;
using ConstDeclList =
      Iterators::PtreeItemList<const Ptree, const PtreeDeclarator*>;
             :
void ProcessDecl(const PtreeDeclarator* decl) { .... }

void ProcessDeclarators(const PtreeDeclaration* declaration)
{
  for (auto decl : declaration->GetDeclarators())
  {
    ProcessDecl(decl);
  }
}

template <typename Node_t>
PtreeStatementList<Node_t> MakeStatementList(Node_t* node)
{
  return { node };
}

template <typename Node_t>
PtreeItemList<Node_t> MakeItemList(Node_t* node)
{
  return { node };
}

template <typename Node_t>
PtreeCountedStatementList<Node_t> MakeCountedStatementList(Node_t* node)
{
  return { node };
}

template <typename Node_t>
PtreeCountedItemList<Node_t> MakeCountedItemList(Node_t* node)
{
  return { node };
}

void ProcessEnum(const Ptree* argList)
{
  for (auto [elem, i] : MakeCountedItemList(argList))
  {
    auto name = PtreeToString(elem);
    ....
    UseIndexSomehow(i);
  }
}

void ProcessEnum(Ptree* argList, Ptree* enumPtree)
{
  const ptrdiff_t argListLen = Length(argList);
  if (argListLen < 0) return;

  for (ptrdiff_t i = 0; i < argListLen; ++i)
  {
    std::string name;
    Ptree* elem;

    const EGetEnumElement r = GetEnumElementInfo(enumPtree, i, elem, name);
    ....
    UseIndexSomehow(i);
  }
}

बस आज के लिए इतना ही

पी.एस

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int> = 0>
class PtreeIterator
{
public:
  using value_type = Deref_t;
  using dereference_type = value_type;
  using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
  using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
  using difference_type =
        decltype(std::declval<pointer>() - std::declval<pointer>());
  using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

public:
  PtreeIterator(Node_t* node) noexcept : m_node{ node } {}
  PtreeIterator() = delete;
  PtreeIterator(const PtreeIterator&) = default;
  PtreeIterator& operator=(const PtreeIterator&) = default;
  PtreeIterator(PtreeIterator&&) = default;
  PtreeIterator& operator=(PtreeIterator&&) = default;

  bool operator==(const PtreeIterator & other) const noexcept
  {
    return m_node == other.m_node;
  }
  bool operator!=(const PtreeIterator & other) const noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
  PtreeIterator& operator++() noexcept
  {
    if constexpr (tag == PtreeIteratorTag::Statement)
    {
      m_node = Rest(m_node);
    }
    else
    {
      m_node = RestRest(m_node);
    }
    return *this;
  }
  PtreeIterator operator++(int) noexcept
  {
    auto tmp = *this;
    ++(*this);
    return tmp;
  }
  dereference_type operator*() const noexcept
  {
    return static_cast<dereference_type>(First(m_node));
  }
  pointer operator->() const noexcept
  {
    return &(**this);
  }

  Node_t* get() const noexcept
  {
    return m_node;
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_node = nullptr;
};

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementIterator =
PtreeIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::Statement>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeListIterator =
PtreeIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::List>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag tag,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<Node_t, Ptree>, int> = 0>
class PtreeCountingIterator
{
public:
  using size_type = size_t;
  using value_type = Deref_t;
  using dereference_type = std::pair<value_type, size_type>;
  using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>;
  using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
  using difference_type =
        decltype(std::declval<pointer>() - std::declval<pointer>());
  using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

 public:
  PtreeCountingIterator(Node_t* node) noexcept : m_node{ node } {}
  PtreeCountingIterator() = delete;
  PtreeCountingIterator(const PtreeCountingIterator&) = default;
  PtreeCountingIterator& operator=(const PtreeCountingIterator&) = default;
  PtreeCountingIterator(PtreeCountingIterator&&) = default;
  PtreeCountingIterator& operator=(PtreeCountingIterator&&) = default;

  bool operator==(const PtreeCountingIterator& other) const noexcept
  {
    return m_node == other.m_node;
  }
  bool operator!=(const PtreeCountingIterator& other) const noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
  PtreeCountingIterator& operator++() noexcept
  {
    if constexpr (tag == PtreeIteratorTag::Statement)
    {
      m_node = Rest(m_node);
    }
    else
    {
      m_node = RestRest(m_node);
    }

    ++m_counter;
    return *this;
  }
  PtreeCountingIterator operator++(int) noexcept
  {
    auto tmp = *this;
    ++(*this);
    return tmp;
  }
  dereference_type operator*() const noexcept
  {
    return { static_cast<value_type>(First(m_node)), counter() };
  }
  value_type operator->() const noexcept
  {
    return (**this).first;
  }

  size_type counter() const noexcept
  {
    return m_counter;
  }
  Node_t* get() const noexcept
  {
    return m_node;
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_node = nullptr;
  size_type m_counter = 0;
};

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementCountingIterator =
PtreeCountingIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::Statement>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeListCountingIterator =
PtreeCountingIterator<Node_t, Deref_t, PtreeIteratorTag::List>;

template <template <typename, typename> typename FwdIt,
          typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
class PtreeContainer
{
public:
  using Iterator = FwdIt<Node_t, Deref_t>;
  using value_type = typename Iterator::dereference_type;
  using size_type  = size_t;
  using difference_type = typename Iterator::difference_type;

public:
  PtreeContainer(Node_t* nodes) :
    m_nodes{ nodes }
  {
    if (IsLeaf(m_nodes))
    {
      m_nodes = nullptr;
    }
  }

  PtreeContainer() = default;
  PtreeContainer(const PtreeContainer&) = default;
  PtreeContainer& operator=(const PtreeContainer&) = default;
  PtreeContainer(PtreeContainer&&) = default;
  PtreeContainer& operator=(PtreeContainer&&) = default;

  bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) const noexcept
  {
    return empty();
  }
  bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t) const noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == nullptr);
  }
  bool operator==(Node_t* node) const noexcept
  {
    return get() == node;
  }
  bool operator!=(Node_t* node) const noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == node);
  }
  bool operator==(PtreeContainer other) const noexcept
  {
    return get() == other.get();
  }
  bool operator!=(PtreeContainer other) const noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
  value_type operator[](size_type index) const noexcept
  {
    size_type i = 0;
    for (auto it = begin(); it != end(); ++it)
    {
      if (i++ == index)
      {
        return *it;
      }
    }

    return value_type{};
  }

  Iterator begin() const noexcept
  { 
    return m_nodes;
  }
  Iterator end() const noexcept
  { 
    return nullptr; 
  }
  bool empty() const noexcept
  {
    return begin() == end();
  }

  value_type front() const noexcept
  {
    return (*this)[0];
  }
  value_type back() const noexcept
  {
    value_type last{};
    for (auto cur : *this)
    {
      last = cur;
    }

    return last;
  }
  Node_t* get() const noexcept
  {
    return m_nodes;
  }

  difference_type count() const noexcept
  {
    return std::distance(begin(), end());
  }
  bool has_at_least(size_type n) const noexcept
  {
    size_type counter = 0;
    for (auto it = begin(); it != end(); ++it)
    {
      if (++counter == n)
      {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

private:
  Node_t* m_nodes = nullptr;
};

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeStatementList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeStatementIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeItemList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeListIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeCountedStatementList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeStatementCountingIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;

template <typename Node_t, typename Deref_t = std::add_pointer_t<Node_t>>
using PtreeCountedItemList =
PtreeContainer<PtreeListCountingIterator, Node_t, Deref_t>;