एक Django परियोजना के लिए डेबियन, Nginx और Gunicorn को कॉन्फ़िगर करना

मूल सेटिंग्स

apt-get update
apt-get install -y sudo htop git curl wget unzip zip gcc build-essential make
apt-get install -y tree redis-server nginx  libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python3-dev python-pil ython3-pil 
apt-get install -y python3-lxml libxslt-dev python-libxml2 python-libxslt1 python-dev gnumeric libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev supervisor libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev ufw

adduser username 
usermod -aG sudo username

cd /home/username
curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.2/Python-3.8.2.tar.xz
tar -xf Python-3.8.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.8.2

./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j 2

make altinstall

python3.8 -V

python3.8 -m pip install -U pip
python3.8 -m pip install -U setuptools
python3.8 -m pip install pillow
python3.8 -m pip install virtualenv

Django सेटअप

cd /var/www
sudo git clone LINK_TO_PROJECT

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
sudo usermod -aG www-data username
sudo chmod go-rwx /var/www
sudo chmod go+x /var/www
sudo chgrp -R www-data /var/www
sudo chmod -R go-rwx /var/www
sudo chmod -R g+rwx /var/www

cd djangoprojectname/
virtualenv env
source ./env/bin/activate

pip install -U pip
pip install -U setuptools
pip install -U pillow

pip install django gunicorn psycopg2-binary

pip install django-summernote

sudo ufw allow 8000

python3.8 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 MAINAPPNAME.wsgi

सेटिंग सेट करें

DEBUG = False
if DEBUG:
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
else:
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['HOST IP', 'DOMAIN NAIM', 'localhost']
...
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
if DEBUG:
    STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        STATIC_DIR,
        '/var/www/static/',
    ]
else:
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')
    STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
        'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
    )
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

python3.8 manage.py collectstatic

deactivate

Gunicorn को कॉन्फ़िगर करें

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket

[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target

[Service]
User=username
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/djangoprojectname
ExecStart=/var/www/djangoprojectname/env/bin/gunicorn \
          --access-logfile - \
          --workers 5 \
          --bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
          myproject.wsgi:application

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo systemctl start gunicorn.socket
sudo systemctl enable gunicorn.socket

sudo systemctl status gunicorn.socket

file /run/gunicorn.sock

sudo journalctl -u gunicorn.socket

sudo systemctl status gunicorn

Active: inactive (dead)

curl --unix-socket /run/gunicorn.sock localhost

sudo systemctl status gunicorn

Active: active (running)

sudo journalctl -u gunicorn

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart gunicorn

NGINX सेटअप

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/djangoprojectname

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name server_domain_or_IP;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location /static/ {
        alias /var/www/djangoprojectname/static/;
    }

    location /media/ {
        alias /var/www/djangoprojectname/media/;
    }

    location / {
        include proxy_params;
        proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
    }
}

sudo nginx -t

sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

sudo ufw delete allow 8000

HTTPS सेटअप

sudo apt-get install certbot python-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot –nginx

sudo certbot renew --dry-run 

PostgreSQL सेटअप

sudo -u postgres psql

CREATE DATABASE dbforproject;
CREATE USER projectdbuser WITH PASSWORD 'password';

ALTER ROLE projectdbuser SET client_encoding TO 'utf8';
ALTER ROLE projectdbuser SET default_transaction_isolation TO 'read committed';
ALTER ROLE projectdbuser SET timezone TO 'UTC';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE dbforproject TO projectdbuser;

\q

cd /var/www/djangoprojectname
source ./env/bin/activate
cd mainappname/
python3.8 manage.py dumpdata > datadump.json

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': 'dbforproject',
        'USER': 'projectdbuser',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

python3.8 manage.py migrate --run-syncdb

python3 manage.py shell

>>> from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
>>> ContentType.objects.all().delete()
>>> quit()

python3.8 manage.py loaddata datadump.json

1. www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-django-with-postgres-nginx-and-gunicorn-on-ubuntu-18-04-ru
2. vexxhost.com/resources/tutorials/how-to-deploy-django-on-nginx-gunicorn-with-postgres
3. pythonworld.ru/web/django-ubuntu1604.html