pyqtdeploy, या हम exe'shnik में पाइथन प्रोग्राम को पैक करते हैं ... कठिन तरीका

निश्चित रूप से, हर कोई जो कम से कम एक बार पायथन में कुछ लिखता है, बिना किसी सिरदर्द के अपने कार्यक्रम (या यहां तक ​​कि एक सरल स्क्रिप्ट) को वितरित करने के बारे में सोचता है: इंटरप्रेटर खुद को स्थापित करने के बिना, विभिन्न निर्भरताएं, क्रॉस-प्लेटफ़ॉर्म, ताकि एक फ़ाइल -exe का एहनोम (अंतिम उपाय, पुरालेख के रूप में) और सबसे छोटा संभव आकार।

: PyInstaller, cx_Freeze, py2exe, py2app, Nuitka … , PyQt? , ( ) , PyQt, PyQt pyqtdeploy. , , , . , , , — ( ). , : , , , , .

pyqtdeploy , , , , ?

. linux. , "exe'" .

, ( ). PyInstaller — , , . 170 ( , PyQt5 180 ). , , — QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets — . --exclude-module . , --onefile , 60 , . , , ( - ) 170 .

pyqtdeploy. " PyQt… - , - PyQt Qt?" — .

pyqtdeploy? , , . ( , PyQt, ) Qt ( rcc) , C++, , //… . pyqtdeploy Python 3.5+ PyQt5. ( ):

• exe' PyQt4 PyQt5, Python 2.7 Python 3.3+ ( Python 3.7.2);
• ( exe') ( , — );
• :
  
  • android-32;
  • android-64;
  • ios-64;
  • linux-64;
  • macos-64;
  • win-32;
  • win-64;
• PyQt Qt , - QtCore, - .

pyqtdeploy

, Python 3.5+ PyQt5:

pip install PyQt5 pyqtdeploy

exe' :

• Python-, (!);
• sysroot , ;
• "" .pdy, exe' ( Qt, PyQt, Python, );
• exe' qmake.

: main.py — " " , mainwindow.py — , resources icon.png mainwindow.ui, Qt Designer. , :

main.py
src/
    |---__init__.py
    |---gui/
        |---mainwindow.py
        |---__init__.py
    |---resources/
        |---__init__.py
        |---images/
            |---icon.png
            |---__init__.py
        |---ui/
            |---mainwindow.ui
            |---__init__.py

sysroot ()

, , . sysroot.json ( , ). , (Python, Qt ..). pyqtdeploy API, , //whatever, pyqtdeploy. ( ):

openssl ( ) — (). , sysroot.json, :

"android|macos|win#openssl": {
    "android#source": "openssl-1.0.2r.tar.gz",
    "macos|win#source": "openssl-1.1.0j.tar.gz",

    "win#no_asm": true
}

, , : arch1|arch2|...#plugin-name. , (ios, android, macos, win, linux), — . , .

:

• source () — ;
• no_asm ( ) — . , PATH nasm;
• python_source ( ) — , , OpenSSL macOS Python v3.6.4 ;

zlib ( ) — ( , , , ) ():

"ios|linux|macos|win#zlib": {
    "source": "zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz",

    "static_msvc_runtime": true
}

:

• source () — , ;
• static_msvc_runtime ( ) — MSVC (Windows);

qt5 () — ():

"qt5": {
    "android-32#qt_dir": "android_armv7",
    "android-64#qt_dir": "android_arm64_v8a",
    "ios#qt_dir": "ios",

    "linux|macos|win#source": "qt-everywhere-src-5.12.2.tar.xz",
    "edition": "opensource",

    "android|linux#ssl": "openssl-runtime",
    "ios#ssl": "securetransport",
    "macos|win#ssl": "openssl-linked",

    "configure_options": [
        "-opengl", "desktop", "-no-dbus", "-qt-pcre"
    ],
    "skip": [
        "qtactiveqt", "qtconnectivity", "qtdoc", "qtgamepad",
        ...
    ],

    "static_msvc_runtime": true
}

:

• qt_dir ( , source) — Qt;
• source ( , qt_dir) — Qt;
• edition (, source) — 2 :
  
  • commercial;
  • opensource;
• ssl — 3 :
  
  • openssl-linked — ( openssl);
  • securetransport — SSL, Qt (, , Apple’s Secure Transport);
  • openssl-runtime — OpenSSL, ;
• configure_options — , Qt. , ;
• skip — ( , top-level , ). Qt , qt — top-level . , , . , top-level ();
• disabled_features — . configure -list-features ()
• static_msvc_runtime ( ) — MSVC (Windows);

python () — ():

"python": {
    "build_host_from_source": false,
    "build_target_from_source": true,
    "source": "Python-3.7.2.tar.xz"
}

:

• build_host_from_source () — true — Python , false — Python ( win32);
• build_target_from_source () — true — Python , false — Python ( Python win32);
• source (, Python ) — Python;
• version (, Python) — Python;
• dynamic_loading ( ) — true — (, C);
• host_installation_bin_dir ( ) — Python, ( , win , — PATH);

sip () — , Python-bindings C/C++ ( ):

"sip": {
    "module_name": "PyQt5.sip",
    "source": "sip-4.19.15.tar.gz"
}

:

• module_name () — sip-;
• source () — sip;

pyqt5 () — ():

"pyqt5": {
    "android#disabled_features": [
        "PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL", "PyQt_Printer", "PyQt_PrintDialog",
        "PyQt_PrintPreviewDialog", "PyQt_PrintPreviewWidget"
    ],
    "android#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtAndroidExtras"
    ],

    "ios#disabled_features": [
        "PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL", "PyQt_MacOSXOnly",
        ...
    ],
    "ios|macos#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtMacExtras"
    ],

    "linux#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtX11Extras"
    ],

    "win#disabled_features": ["PyQt_Desktop_OpenGL"],
    "win#modules": [
        "QtCore", "QtGui", "QtNetwork", "QtPrintSupport", "QtWidgets",
        "QtWinExtras"
    ],

    "source": "PyQt5_*-5.12.1.tar.gz"
}

:

• disabled_features ( ) — . , , Qt ();
• modules () — , ();
• source () — PyQt;

pyqt3D, pyqtchart, pyqtdatavisualization, pyqtpurchasing, qscintilla ( ) — , PyQt. source — .

, . sysroot , . , , .

sysroot

sysroot.json :

{
    "linux#zlib": {
        "source": "zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz"
    },

    "linux#qt5": {
        "source": "qt-everywhere-src-5.12.2.tar",
        "edition": "opensource",

        "configure_options": [
            "-no-dbus", "-no-system-proxies", "-no-cups", "-no-sql-db2",
            "-no-sql-ibase", "-no-sql-mysql", "-no-sql-sqlite",
            "-no-sql-sqlite2", "-no-sql-oci", "-no-sql-odbc",
            "-no-sql-psql", "-no-sql-tds", "-no-sqlite", "-ccache",
            "-optimize-size"
        ],
        "skip": [
            "qt3d", "qtactiveqt", "qtandroidextras", "qtcanvas3d",
            "qtcharts", "qtconnectivity", "qtdatavis3d", "qtdeclarative",
            "qtdoc", "qtgamepad", "qtgraphicaleffects", "qtlocation",
            "qtmacextras", "qtmultimedia", "qtnetworkauth", "qtpurchasing",
            "qtquickcontrols", "qtquickcontrols2", "qtremoteobjects",
            "qtscript", "qtscxml", "qtsensors", "qtserialbus",
            "qtserialport", "qtspeech", "qtsvg", "qttools",
            "qttranslations", "qtvirtualkeyboard", "qtwayland",
            "qtwebchannel", "qtwebengine", "qtwebglplugin",
            "qtwebsockets", "qtwebview", "qtwinextras", "qtx11extras",
            "qtxmlpatterns"
        ],
        "disabled_features": [
            "network", "bearermanagement", "dnslookup", "dtls", "ftp",
            "http", "localserver", "networkdiskcache", "networkinterface",
            "networkproxy", "socks5", "udpsocket", "concurrent", "future",
            "cups", "printer", "printdialog", "printpreviewdialog",
            "printpreviewwidget", "sql", "sqlmodel", "testlib", "xml"
        ]
    },

    "linux#python": {
        "build_host_from_source": false,
        "build_target_from_source": true,
        "source": "Python-3.7.2.tgz",

        "dynamic_loading": true
    },

    "linux#sip": {
        "module_name": "PyQt5.sip",
        "source": "sip-4.19.15.tar.gz"
    },

    "linux#pyqt5": {
        "modules": ["QtCore", "QtGui", "QtWidgets"],
        "source": "PyQt5_*-5.12.2.tar.gz"
    }
}

? -, (, ssl, pyqt3D ). -, exe' linux ( , linux-64; , ).

, qt5 - , (, ). top-level QtBase. -optimize-size -ccache. Qt , , ( 5 ), , — ccache ( , linux), ( 5). , apt install ccache.

pyqt5 QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets.

python dynamic_loading, C-extension.

sysroot, : zlib, Qt5, Python, sip, PyQt5 sysroot.json ( , ). :

pyqtdeploy-sysroot sysroot.json

, .

--verbose. , , . , dev-. , . , python3-dev, (, Requirements). , Qt Python ( , ).

, , , .

"" ()

, , exe'. pyqtdeploy GUI. ( .pdy ):

pyqtdeploy main.pdy

Application Source. :

• Name — exe';
• Main script file ( , Entry Point) — , ( , main.py);
• Entry Point ( , Main script file) — , setuptools;
• sys.path — , zip- (, Python egg), sys.path ( , , );
• Target Python version — Python;
• Target PyQt version — PyQt4 PyQt5 (, , PyQt, );
• Use console — , ( Windows). ;
• Application bundle — , bundle ( MacOS);
• Application Package Directory — , . Scan… "" (src) main.py, , . (.. main.py src), main.py ( , Main script file).

: .py "" ( -) — .

:

• Scan… — Application Package Directory;
• Remove all — Application Package Directory;
• Include all — Application Package Directory;
• Exclude all — Application Package Directory;
• Exclusions — , Application Package Directory. ;

qmake. qmake, ( );

PyQt Modules. PyQt-, . , . QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, uic; sip .
PyQt, , ( ).

Standard Library. , , . - , . ( ) , ().

. - ( pip), - ( ), ImportError. . , PIL, fractions.

Python / (, ssl), . , . INCLUDEPATH (headers), LIBS — ( , ).

Other Packages. (, pypi). , Application source: , ( , site-packages virtual environment), Scan / ( PIL).

Other Extension Modules. C, exe' (; , , ).

, . . Package Lib.a, Name , — Package.Lib ( .a); LIBS , , -L/home/user1/venv/programme1/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Package -lLib ( , " ", /home/user1/venv/programme1/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Package/Lib.a).

, , -, , -, qmake ( , pyqt' ).

, , , Lib.so? — Package.Lib.so (.. , + ) exe'. , . , ImportError. , , _imaging.so, PIL'.

Locations. , . ( sysroot , main.pdy), .

exe' ()

- :

pyqtdeploy-build main.pdy
cd build-linux-64
../sysroot-linux-64/host/bin/qmake
make #nmake  win

, , — .

#1 — , ""

, exe', , PyInstaller:

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    #   exe'
else:
    #    exe'

#2 — (, .)

Qt " ", rcc exe'. . icon.png src/resources/images, " " — :/src/resources/images/icon.png. , . — Qt' . .. - :

icon = QIcon(':/src/resources/images/icon.png')

. , , :

icon_file = open(':/src/resources/images/icon.png', 'rb')
icon = icon_file.read()

, open , , .

Qt (, , , GUI Qt Designer .ui, loadUi), - :

ui_file = QtCore.QFile(':/src/resources/images/icon.png')
ui_file.open(QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
data = ui_file.readAll()
ui_file.close()
ui_file = BytesIO(bytes(data))

, exe', - ? PyQt, , , . - ( PyInstaller). — . ~40 (c -optimize-size ~35 ), - , .

जब हमने न्यूनतम आवश्यक Qt और PyQt एकत्र किए हैं, तो PyInstaller या cx_Freeze का उपयोग करके उनके आधार पर एक exe बनाने का प्रयास करना अच्छा होगा और आकार देखें, लेकिन यह, जैसा कि वे कहते हैं, एक और कहानी है ...