👨🏻‍⚖️ 👩‍👧‍👦 📒 Comment les mods pour les jeux Unity sont développés. Partie 2: écrire votre mod 👨🏽‍🍳 🚣🏻 👘

Dans cette partie, en utilisant un exemple de mod pour Beat Saber, nous examinerons les principes généraux du développement de mods pour les jeux Unity, découvrirons les difficultés rencontrées et nous familiariserons également avec Harmony - une bibliothèque pour modifier le code de jeu utilisé dans RimWorld, Battletech, Cities: Skylines et de nombreux autres. d'autres jeux.

Bien que cet article ressemble à un tutoriel sur la façon d'écrire votre propre mod pour Beat Saber, son but est de montrer quels principes sont utilisés pour créer des mods personnalisés et quels problèmes vous devez résoudre pendant le développement. Tout ce qui est décrit ici, avec quelques réserves, est applicable à tous les jeux Unity au moins sur Windows.

Sources d'images: 1 , 2

Dans la série précédente

Partie passée

Les informations de la première partie ne sont pas nécessaires pour comprendre ce qui va se passer ici, mais je vous conseille quand même de les lire.

Voici son bref (très) contenu:

( ) — dll-, - , . , dll- . , BepInEx IPA. Beat Saber BSIPA — IPA. Beat Saber, IPA Unity-.

Beat Saber ,

Beat Saber VR-. , , , , Beat Saber. , , , Youtube:

https://youtu.be/Owz8uatQwO0

, . ( ), , , , , .. , .

, . 5 , . , . Unity: , , .

, . Beat Saber ModAssistant, ( ), BSIPA, SongCore BS_Utils . , , .

, , .

, , Beat Saber 1.9.1 BSIPA 4.0.5. , - , , .

0:

, , , .

Beat Saber Modding Group ( BSMG). , . Visual Studio — , .

. C# ( Rider), C#-, Class Library .NET, Unity ( 4.7.2). . .

manifest.json

Json-, - BSIPA. EmbeddedResource, dll-.

{
  "$schema": "https://github.com/beat-saber-modding-group/BSIPA-MetadataFileSchema/blob/master/Schema.json",
  "author": "fck_r_sns",
  "description": "A mod to track active time spent in the game",
  "gameVersion": "1.8.0",
  "id": "BeatSaberTimeTracker",
  "name": "BeatSaberTimeTracker",
  "version": "0.0.1-alpha",
  "dependsOn": {}
}

$schema . GitHub BSIPA. , . dependsOn , . BSIPA , dll-. gameVersion version .

Plugin.cs

, . BSIPA 3 , IBeatSaberPlugin. BSIPA 3 dll- , , IBeatSaberPlugin, — . BSIPA 4 IBeatSaberPlugin. BSIPA , [Plugin], [Init], [OnStart] [OnExit].

using IPA;
using Logger = IPA.Logging.Logger;

namespace BeatSaberTimeTracker
{
    [Plugin(RuntimeOptions.SingleStartInit)]
    internal class Plugin
    {
        public static Logger logger { get; private set; }

        [Init]
        public Plugin(Logger logger)
        {
            Plugin.logger = logger;
            logger.Debug("Init");
        }

        [OnStart]
        public void OnStart()
        {
            logger.Debug("OnStart");
        }

        [OnExit]
        public void OnExit()
        {
            logger.Debug("OnExit");
        }
    }
}

, Plugin. , (namespace) , — BeatSaberTimeTracker. , - .

, , [Plugin], [Init], [OnStart] [OnExit]. IPA.Loader.dll. , , , Beat Saber - Steam. , Unity, IPA Beat Saber/Beat Saber_Data/Managed. Steam GitHub, . BSMG .

, dll- Beat Saber/Plugins . VR-, fpfc. . , . , Beat Saber/Logs .

[DEBUG @ 20:50:03 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Init
[DEBUG @ 20:50:03 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnStart
[DEBUG @ 20:50:21 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnExit

, .

0

. - main . , : - , - , - .

1:

, - , — - , . TimeTracker. Plugin , .

TimeTracker canvas , .

Awake:

private void Awake()
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("TimeTracker.Awake()");

    GameObject canvasGo = new GameObject("Canvas");
    canvasGo.transform.parent = transform;
    _canvas = canvasGo.AddComponent<Canvas>();
    _canvas.renderMode = RenderMode.WorldSpace;

    var canvasTransform = _canvas.transform;
    canvasTransform.position = new Vector3(-1f, 3.05f, 2.5f);
    canvasTransform.localScale = Vector3.one;

    _currentTimeText = CreateText(_canvas, new Vector2(0f, 0f), "");
    _totalTimeText = CreateText(_canvas, new Vector2(0f, -0.15f), "");
}

, Canvas, , . CreateText:

private static TextMeshProUGUI CreateText(Canvas canvas, Vector2 position, string text)
{
    GameObject gameObject = new GameObject("CustomUIText");
    gameObject.SetActive(false);
    TextMeshProUGUI textMeshProUgui = gameObject.AddComponent<TextMeshProUGUI>();

    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.SetParent(canvas.transform, false);
    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.anchorMin = new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f);
    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.anchorMax = new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f);
    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.sizeDelta = new Vector2(1f, 1f);
    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
    textMeshProUgui.rectTransform.anchoredPosition = position;

    textMeshProUgui.text = text;
    textMeshProUgui.fontSize = 0.15f;
    textMeshProUgui.color = Color.white;
    textMeshProUgui.alignment = TextAlignmentOptions.Left;
    gameObject.SetActive(true);

    return textMeshProUgui;
}

, , , TextMeshProUGUI RectTransform, Unity.

Unity- — Unity. , , — . - : - , , . , , . , , .

, , 400 : 20 20. . - .

Update :

private void Update()
{
    if (Time.time >= _nextTextUpdate)
    {
        _currentTimeText.text = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm");
        _totalTimeText.text = $"Total: {Mathf.FloorToInt(Time.time / 60f):00}:{Mathf.FloorToInt(Time.time % 60f):00}";
        _nextTextUpdate += TEXT_UPDATE_PERIOD;
    }
}

Plugin, TimeTracker:

[OnStart]
public void OnStart()
{
    logger.Debug("OnStart");

    GameObject timeTrackerGo = new GameObject("TimeTracker");
    timeTrackerGo.AddComponent<TimeTracker>();
    Object.DontDestroyOnLoad(timeTrackerGo);
}

, - , DontDestroyOnLoad(…). .

, Unity : UnityEngine.CoreModule.dll GameObject MonoBehaviour, UnityEngine.UI.dll Unity.TextMeshPro.dll TextMeshPro UnityEngine.UIModule.dll Canvas. , .

dll-, , .

[DEBUG @ 21:37:18 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Init
[DEBUG @ 21:37:18 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnStart
[DEBUG @ 21:37:18 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] TimeTracker.Awake()
[DEBUG @ 21:37:24 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnExit
[DEBUG @ 21:37:25 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] TimeTracker.OnDestroy()

, . — , . - : , . , . .

1

, , Unity , . , , , UI .

2:

. , , UI , . , .

Update. _trackActiveTime, . _activeTimeText. , , .

private void Update()
{
    if (_trackActiveTime)
    {
        _activeTime += Time.deltaTime;
    }

    if (Time.time >= _nextTextUpdate)
    {
        _currentTimeText.text = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm");
        _totalTimeText.text = $"Total: {Mathf.FloorToInt(Time.time / 60f):00}:{Mathf.FloorToInt(Time.time % 60f):00}";
        _activeTimeText.text = $"Active: {Mathf.FloorToInt(_activeTime / 60f):00}:{Mathf.FloorToInt(_activeTime % 60f):00}";
        _nextTextUpdate += TEXT_UPDATE_PERIOD;
    }
}

private void SetTrackingMode(bool isTracking)
{
    _trackActiveTime = isTracking;
    _canvas.gameObject.SetActive(!isTracking);
}

_trackActiveTime . , .

- , SetTrackingMode(true), - , SetTrackingMode(false), . . , , , .

BS_Utils. BS_Utils.dll Beat Saber/Plugins ( ModAssistant). BS_Utils . , .

"dependsOn": {
    "BS Utils": "^1.4.0"
  },

BS_Utils , , .

BSEvents.gameSceneActive += EnableTrackingMode;
BSEvents.menuSceneActive += DisableTrackingMode;
BSEvents.songPaused += DisableTrackingMode;
BSEvents.songUnpaused += EnableTrackingMode;

EnableTrackingMode DisableTrackingMode , .

private void EnableTrackingMode()
{
    SetTrackingMode(true);
}

private void DisableTrackingMode()
{
    SetTrackingMode(false);
}

, dll Plugins, , .

Beat Saber, . , , , , . BS_Utils, . BS_Utils BSMG, , - . , . , .

2

, , , , . , Beat Saber BS_Utils , BSML — , xml-.

3: BS_Utils,

BS_Utils . , BSEvents . .

menuSceneActive gameSceneActive

, . Unity SceneManager, sceneLoaded, sceneUnloaded activeSceneChanged. . UnityEngine.CoreModule.dll , SceneManager .

private void Awake()
{
    ...
    SceneManager.sceneLoaded += OnSceneLoaded;
    SceneManager.sceneUnloaded += OnSceneUnloaded;
    SceneManager.activeSceneChanged += OnActiveSceneChanged;
    ...
}

private void OnSceneLoaded(Scene scene, LoadSceneMode mode)
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("OnSceneLoaded: " + scene.name + " (" + mode + ")");
}

private void OnSceneUnloaded(Scene scene)
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("OnSceneUnloaded: " + scene.name);
}

private void OnActiveSceneChanged(Scene previous, Scene current)
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("OnActiveSceneChanged: " + previous.name + " -> " + current.name);
}

, , , , , .

[DEBUG @ 14:28:14 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Plugin.Init
[DEBUG @ 14:28:14 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Plugin.OnStart
[DEBUG @ 14:28:14 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] TimeTracker.Awake()
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: EmptyTransition (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: PCInit -> EmptyTransition
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: MainMenu (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: MenuCore (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: MenuEnvironment (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: MenuViewControllers (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: EmptyTransition -> MenuViewControllers
[DEBUG @ 14:28:15 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneUnloaded: EmptyTransition
[DEBUG @ 14:28:22 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: BigMirrorEnvironment (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:22 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: StandardGameplay (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:23 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: GameplayCore (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:23 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneLoaded: GameCore (Additive)
[DEBUG @ 14:28:23 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: MenuViewControllers -> GameCore
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: GameCore -> MenuViewControllers
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: MenuViewControllers -> MainMenu
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: MainMenu -> MenuCore
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: MenuCore -> MenuEnvironment
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnActiveSceneChanged: MenuEnvironment -> MenuViewControllers
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneUnloaded: BigMirrorEnvironment
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneUnloaded: StandardGameplay
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneUnloaded: GameplayCore
[DEBUG @ 14:28:29 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] OnSceneUnloaded: GameCore
[DEBUG @ 14:28:34 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Plugin.OnExit
[DEBUG @ 14:28:34 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] TimeTracker.OnDestroy()

, Beat Saber Additive. , — . : , , GameCore. , — MenuCore. MenuCore — , , . MenuViewControllers. : , . .

OnActiveSceneChanged: :

private void OnActiveSceneChanged(Scene previous, Scene current)
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("OnActiveSceneChanged: " + previous.name + " -> " + current.name);
    switch (current.name)
    {
        case "MenuViewControllers":
            DisableTrackingMode();
            break;

        case "GameCore":
            EnableTrackingMode();
            break;
    }
}

songPaused songUnpaused

, -. , Beat Saber. «Beat Saber/Beat Saber_Data/Managed» 2 : Main.dll MainAssembly.dll. MainAssembly.dll, - 2 . , - Main.dll, MainAssembly.dll . MainAssembly.dll, Main.dll. , - .

, , , , Main.dll. , . BSMG dnSpy. Rider , , dnSpy , . , , — , , Unity-.

: Main.dll , , . , - . Discord- BSMG . , , , , - Main.dll - ( ).

GamePause, . : Pause Resume. GamePause : didPauseEvent didResumeEvent. , - , GamePause , .

, - GamePause. Unity :

Resources.FindObjectsOfTypeAll<GamePause>();

, , . , . - , . , - . , . OnSceneLoaded OnActiveSceneChanged, GameCore GamePause. , , , : , , GamePause ( ), Resources.FindObjectsOfTypeAll , . , :

IEnumerator InitGamePauseCallbacks()
{
    while (true)
    {
        GamePause[] comps = Resources.FindObjectsOfTypeAll<GamePause>();
        if (comps.Length > 0)
        {
            Plugin.logger.Debug("GamePause has been found");
            GamePause gamePause = comps[0];
            gamePause.didPauseEvent += DisableTrackingMode;
            gamePause.didResumeEvent += EnableTrackingMode;
            break;
        }

        Plugin.logger.Debug("GamePause not found, skip a frame");
        yield return null;
    }
}

OnActiveSceneChanged GameCore:

private void OnActiveSceneChanged(Scene previous, Scene current)
{
    Plugin.logger.Debug("OnActiveSceneChanged: " + previous.name + " -> " + current.name);
    switch (current.name)
    {
        case "MenuViewControllers":
            DisableTrackingMode();
            break;

        case "GameCore":
            EnableTrackingMode();
            StartCoroutine(InitGamePauseCallbacks());
            break;
    }
}

, , . . , GamePause GameCore, , . .

3

, . , , . .

4: Harmony

, Harmony — C#-, . — Andreas Pardeike (, GitHub), iOS- / (Swedish Police Authority). Mono.Cecil , dll- .NET-, Harmony (runtime). , , , . , .

Harmony (patches). :

Prefix. , . , , .
Postfix. , . .
Transpiler. , IL-. , - .
Finalizer. try/catch/finally, catch, finally.

— Prefix Postfix. Transpiler , C#, IL-, , - Prefix/Postfix. Finalizer , , Harmony 2.0, .

, , Harmony , BS_Utils. , GamePause , , , Harmony. , GamePause didPauseEvent didResumeEvent, - .

, HarmonyPatcher. : public static void ApplyPatches() {}, :

Harmony harmony = new Harmony("com.fck_r_sns.BeatSaberTimeTracker");
harmony.PatchAll(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());

, , ( ). «com.fck_r_sns.BeatSaberTimeTracker» — . , . Plugin, , HarmonyPatcher.ApplyPatches() TimeTracker.

. , , . — . , , (, Prefix — Prefix-), (, [HarmonyPrefix]). , , . GamePause.Pause(). Postfix-, , Pause() Postfix-.

[HarmonyPatch(typeof(GamePause), nameof(GamePause.Pause), MethodType.Normal)]
class GamePausePausePatch
{
    [HarmonyPostfix]
    static void TestPostfixPatch()
    {
        Plugin.logger.Debug("GamePause.Pause.TestPostfixPatch");
    }
}

[HarmonyPatch] , . TestPostfixPatch [HarmonyPostfix], Postfix-. GamePause.Resume() ( ), , , , , , , .

, :

[DEBUG @ 16:21:55 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Plugin.Init
[DEBUG @ 16:21:55 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] Plugin.OnStart
[DEBUG @ 16:21:55 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] HarmonyPatcher: Applied
[DEBUG @ 16:21:55 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] TimeTracker.Awake()

, Postfix- :

[DEBUG @ 16:22:24 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] GamePause.Pause.TestPostfixPatch
[DEBUG @ 16:22:31 | BeatSaberTimeTracker] GamePause.Resume.TestPostfixPatch

, Harmony , . , didPauseEvent didResumeEvent , , Postfix- - , TimeTracker . Harmony — . TimeTracker — , - . .

— TimeTracker . , Resources.FindObjectsOfTypeAll(). BS_Utils, , .

— BS_Utils.Utilities.BSEvents, . , .

EventsHelper:

namespace BeatSaberTimeTracker
{
    public static class EventsHelper
    {
        public static event Action onGamePaused;
        public static event Action onGameResumed;
    }
}

, :

[HarmonyPatch(typeof(GamePause), nameof(GamePause.Pause), MethodType.Normal)]
class GamePausePatchPause
{
    [HarmonyPostfix]
    static void FireOnGamePausedEvent()
    {
        EventsHelper.FireOnGamePausedEvent();
    }
}

GamePauseResumePatch . FireOnGamePausedEvent FireOnGameResumedEvent, - . TimeTracker EventsHelper. — - , Resources.FindObjectsOfTypeAll().

, . , . GamePause.Pause() .

if (this._pause)
  return;
this._pause = true;
…

Postfix- : , . , EventsHelper , . Prefix-, . Harmony , . Harmony :

: , .
__instance: , . this.
__state: . , .
__result: . , .
: (3) (_) , Harmony .

, :

struct PauseState
{
    public bool wasPaused;
}

, , , , . PauseState __state — , bool __state.

Prefix-:

[HarmonyPrefix]
static void CheckIfAlreadyPaused(out PauseState __state, bool ____pause)
{
    __state = new PauseState { wasPaused = ____pause };
}

out, , ____pause (_pause ). ____pause __state — .

Postfx-:

[HarmonyPostfix]
static void FireOnGamePausedEvent(PauseState __state, bool ____pause)
{
    if (!__state.wasPaused && ____pause)
    {
        EventsHelper.FireOnGamePausedEvent();
    }
}

__state , Prefix-. wasPaused ____pause, , .

, .

4

Harmony — , RimWorld, Battletech, Cities: Skylines, Kerbal Space Program, Oxygen Not Included, Stardew Valley, Subnautica .

La création de mods est un processus assez fastidieux. Lors du développement de mods, vous devez constamment vous plonger dans le code décompilé, rechercher des classes qui font ce dont vous avez besoin, les modifier, reconstruire constamment les mods pour vérifier les changements dans le jeu, souffrir de l'absence d'un mode de débogage normal et d'un éditeur Unity à part entière.

Et puis les développeurs sortent une nouvelle version du jeu, dans laquelle ils ont changé la logique qui était utilisée dans le mod, et vous devez tout recommencer.

Comment les mods pour les jeux Unity sont développés. Partie 2: écrire votre mod