| FreeBSD | GNU/Linux |
|---|
BSD , . Zstd , , syslog- . - , libxo, . .
| GNU , , copyright holder-, . Linux , Hurd FreeBSD. (?) , , , , . GNU . Linux.
- , , . , / , . : , .
- distribution maintainer-, , - , . maintainer- ( , , , , ..) .
, Ubuntu, , GRUB , IPv6, . MTU Ubuntu (!?). .
GNU/Linux, GNOME, NetworkManager - , . netcat IPv6 ( telnet, socat), .
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BSD . - , . EXPERIMENTAL .
| Linux - , , , , , , . btrfs production ready, ( Facebook — ), .
- . POSIX file locks, , Linux.
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, . , fstat, gstat, ifmcstat, iostat, ipfstat, kldstat, lockstat, netstat, nfsstat, plockstat, pmcstat, procstat, pstat, sockstat, vmstat . - ? acpiconf, atmconfig, bsdconfig, ifconfig, kldconfig, mdconfig, pciconf, usbconfig, sysctl, sysrc. , , .
Framework : rc , ifconfig .
FreeBSD firewall-: ipf, ipfw, pf — /, firewall-. ipfw IPv4, IPv6, TCP/UDP/SCTP, ICMP*, Ethernet, traffic shaper/scheduler, NAT, NAT64, NPTv6, IPsec, stateless/stateful firewall .
, , sysctl.
| IP , ifconfig ip. , route ip. TUN/TAP , tunctl ip. bridge , brctl ip. bond, ifenslave ip. IPsec SA, setkey ip. iwconfig, ip. , iptunnel, ip. MAC, nameif, ip.
ip , ? STP bridge brctl, . , , . FreeBSD ifconfig.
Framework- : shell-based Debian, NetworkManager, systemd . - .
iptables, ipchains? Ethernet ebtables, IPv6 ip6tables, ARP arptables. , , iptables — , / ufw.
? . deprecated nftables. deprecated bpfilter . firewalld.
sysctl /sys, .
fdisk, parted, gdisk, sfdisk, gparted. MBR/GPT , , / , 100%/full? . FreeBSD gpart , , , , / .
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12+ ZFS .
| ZFS-on-Linux, , production-ready, . ARC Linux-, , , , . Linux ARC- RAM/2 — . TRIM , ZFS SSD.
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man- , , , FreeBSD Handbook. , Unix, . ? man intro, intro . OpenBSD man-, handbook-, .
| GNU/Linux , , . ( !) — stackexchange.com -. , . , , .
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/ GNU/Linux ( /, ), — WhatsApp, 2M+ TCP . 60% ( ) Netflix, FreeBSD. — , FreeBSD. - Quake3-for-Linux FreeBSD 10-15% FPS.
| GNU/Linux - , , .
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.
| , / OOM killer - («», ) SSH . user-space - : earlyoom, oomd, low-memory-monitor, nohang.
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. — , - — . : , CUPS - GIMP?
| , , - : - . — . : vim-full vim-minimal, , maintainer-.
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, . , , GNU/Linux .
| , , desktop- .
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IPsec ESP , TFC, ESN — 10Gbps+ . Security Policies .
| ESPv3 ESN TFC , , strongSwan, identities Security Policies. .
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