🌶️ 🦊 👨‍👩‍👧 Diseño compositivo en iOS 13. Aspectos básicos 🤷🏽 ⚠️ 🙎🏿

Buenas tardes,

En la práctica, iOS, el desarrollador a menudo se enfrenta a la tarea de mostrar una gran cantidad de información en forma de una lista o como una colección, por regla general, UITableViewo son excelentes para esto UICollectionView. También a menudo se encuentra la tarea de realizar una pantalla, que es una combinación de una lista y una colección.

En este artículo, consideraremos qué nuevas características trajo iOS 13 para implementar esta tarea.

Introducción

, , , , AppStore.

iOS 13,

,
,
,
UIScrollView

self-sizing
iPad iPhone

iOS 12.

Compositional Layout

iOS 13 Apple , — Compositional Layout, 3- — , .

— , , , , , , , .

Compositional Layout — , , .

— , , - . , .

— grid-, flow- , .

— , , .

Compositional Layout. 4 :

NSCollectionLayoutSize — ;
NSCollectionLayoutItem — ;
NSCollectionLayoutGroup — , ;
NSCollectionLayoutSection — ;
UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout — .

UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout.

class UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout : UICollectionViewLayout { ... }

UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout UICollectionViewLayout, UICollectionView.

List Layout

. storyboard-, UIViewController, viewDidLoad() UICollectionView init(frame:, layout:) UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout. , UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout.

, . , , , .

    private func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))
        let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: itemSize)

        let groupSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .absolute(44))
        let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitems: [item])

        let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)

        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout(section: section)
        return layout
    }

    private func configureHierarchy() {
        collectionView = UICollectionView(frame: view.bounds, collectionViewLayout: createLayout())
        // ...
    }

itemSize , , NSCollectionLayoutDimension. .

fractionalWidth(_:), , 0 1 , , 0.5 — () ;
fractionalHeight(_: ), , 0 1 , , 0.5 — () ;
absolute(_: ), , , 44.0;
estimated(_:), , .

itemSize widthDimension = .fractionalWidth(1.0), heightDimension = .fractionalHeight(1.0), , . .

, widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0), heightDimension: .absolute(44), , , 44.0.

horizontal(layoutSize: , subitem: , count: ), , ;
horizontal(layoutSize:, subitems: ), , , ;
vertical(layoutSize:, subitem:, count:), , ;
vertical(layoutSize:, subitems: ), , , ;
custom(layoutSize:, itemProvider: ), , .

, .horizontal .vertical , , , .custom , , .

NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitems: [item]) , , .

NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group), . Compositional Layout.

, , . ?

Grid Layout

, ? , , , .

let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0/4.0), // <---
            heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))

, 4 , .

Two Column Layout

, , , , , widthDimension .

    private func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let spacing: CGFloat = 10
        let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))
        let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: itemSize)

        let groupSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .absolute(44))
        let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitem: item, count: 2) // <---
        group.interItemSpacing = .fixed(spacing)

        let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)
        section.contentInsets = .init(top: spacing, leading: spacing, bottom: spacing, trailing: spacing)
        section.interGroupSpacing = spacing

        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout(section: section)
        return layout
    }

group.interItemSpacing = .fixed(spacing), section.interGroupSpacing = spacing, contentInset section.contentInsets = .init(top: spacing, leading: spacing, bottom: spacing, trailing: spacing). spacing.

, interItemSpacing , interGroupSpacing, NSCollectionLayoutSpacing.

class NSCollectionLayoutSpacing : NSObject, NSCopying {
    class func fixed(_ fixedSpacing: CGFloat) -> Self // i.e. ==
    class func flexible(_ flexibleSpacing: CGFloat) -> Self // i.e. >=
    // ...
}

func fixed(_ fixedSpacing: ), ;
func flexible(_ flexibleSpacing:), , , ;

Inset Items Grid Layout

, , ? , , . , 5 , , 1.0/5.0 , . , 1.0/5.0 . , .
, .contentInsets NSCollectionLayoutItem.

    private func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let spacing: CGFloat = 10
        let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(0.2),
            heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))
        let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: itemSize)
        item.contentInsets = .init(top: spacing, leading: spacing, bottom: spacing, trailing: spacing)

        let groupSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .fractionalWidth(0.2))
        let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitems: [item])

        let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)
        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout(section: section)
        return layout
    }

Distinct Sections Layout

, .

UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout , UICollectionViewCompositionalLayoutSectionProvider.

typealias UICollectionViewCompositionalLayoutSectionProvider = (Int, NSCollectionLayoutEnvironment) -> NSCollectionLayoutSection?

class UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout : UICollectionViewLayout {
   init(section: NSCollectionLayoutSection)
   init(sectionProvider: @escaping UICollectionViewCompositionalLayoutSectionProvider)
   // ...
}

UICollectionViewCompositionalLayoutSectionProvider 2 , , , .

3 , , grid- 3- , grid-, 5- .

    enum Section: Int, CaseIterable {
        case list
        case grid3
        case grid5

        var columnCount: Int {
            switch self {
            case .list:
                return 1
            case .grid3:
                return 3
            case .grid5:
                return 5
            }
        }
    }

    private func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout { (sectionIndex, layoutEnvironment) -> NSCollectionLayoutSection? in

            guard let sectionKind = Section(rawValue: sectionIndex) else { return nil }
            let columns = sectionKind.columnCount

            let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
                widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))
            let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: itemSize)
            item.contentInsets = .init(top: 2, leading: 2, bottom: 2, trailing: 2)

            let groupHeight = columns == 1 ?
                NSCollectionLayoutDimension.absolute(44) :
                NSCollectionLayoutDimension.fractionalWidth(0.2)

            let groupSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
                widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                heightDimension: groupHeight)
            let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitem: item, count: columns)

            let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)
            section.contentInsets = .init(top: 20, leading: 20, bottom: 20, trailing: 20)
            return section
        }
        return layout
    }
// ...

Adaptive Sections Layout

, NSCollectionLayoutEnvironment , traitCollection.

protocol NSCollectionLayoutEnvironment : NSObjectProtocol {
    var container: NSCollectionLayoutContainer { get }
    var traitCollection: UITraitCollection { get }
}

ompact size-class , , , , .

traitCollection.verticalSizeClass layoutEnvironment .

container.effectiveContentSize layoutEnvironment .

    enum Section: Int, CaseIterable {
        case list
        case grid3
        case grid5

        func columnCount(for width: CGFloat) -> Int {
            let wideMode = width > 800
            switch self {
            case .list:
                return wideMode ? 2 : 1
            case .grid3:
                return wideMode ? 6 : 3
            case .grid5:
                return wideMode ? 10 : 5
            }
        }
    }

    private func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout { (sectionIndex, layoutEnvironment) -> NSCollectionLayoutSection? in

            guard let sectionKind = Section(rawValue: sectionIndex) else { return nil }
            let columns = sectionKind.columnCount(for: layoutEnvironment.container.effectiveContentSize.width)

            let itemSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
                widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0))
            let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: itemSize)
            item.contentInsets = .init(top: 2, leading: 2, bottom: 2, trailing: 2)

            let groupHeight = layoutEnvironment.traitCollection.verticalSizeClass == .compact ?
                NSCollectionLayoutDimension.absolute(44) :
                NSCollectionLayoutDimension.fractionalWidth(0.2)

            let groupSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
                widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                heightDimension: groupHeight)
            let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: groupSize, subitem: item, count: columns)

            let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)
            section.contentInsets = .init(top: 20, leading: 20, bottom: 20, trailing: 20)
            return section
        }
        return layout
    }

// ...

Nested Groups

class NSCollectionLayoutGroup : NSCollectionLayoutItem, NSCopying { ... }

NSCollectionLayoutGroup, , NSCollectionLayoutItem, , , .

    func createLayout() -> UICollectionViewLayout {
        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout {
            (sectionIndex: Int, layoutEnvironment: NSCollectionLayoutEnvironment) -> NSCollectionLayoutSection? in

            let leadingItem = NSCollectionLayoutItem(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(0.7),
                                                   heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0)))
            leadingItem.contentInsets = NSDirectionalEdgeInsets(top: 10, leading: 10, bottom: 10, trailing: 10)

            let trailingItem = NSCollectionLayoutItem(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                                                   heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(0.3)))
            trailingItem.contentInsets = NSDirectionalEdgeInsets(top: 10, leading: 10, bottom: 10, trailing: 10)
            let trailingGroup = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.vertical(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(0.3),
                                                   heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(1.0)),
                subitem: trailingItem, count: 2)

            let bottomNestedGroup = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                                                   heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(0.6)),
                subitems: [leadingItem, trailingGroup])

            let topItem = NSCollectionLayoutItem(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                                               heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(0.3)))
            topItem.contentInsets = NSDirectionalEdgeInsets(top: 10, leading: 10, bottom: 10, trailing: 10)

            let nestedGroup = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.vertical(
                layoutSize: NSCollectionLayoutSize(widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
                                                   heightDimension: .fractionalHeight(0.4)),
                subitems: [topItem, bottomNestedGroup])
            let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: nestedGroup)
            return section

        }
        return layout
    }

Nested Groups Scrolling

? ! , , .

// ...
section.orthogonalScrollingBehavior = .continuous
// ...

iOS 13 UICollectionView, Compositional Layout .
. .

Diseño compositivo en iOS 13. Aspectos básicos