Our team is creating an information service for displaying global data for many countries, cities and territories - Routitude . By the end of February of this year, the rapid spread of coronavirus around the world prompted us to introduce additional functionality to monitor the situation in our application. In addition to visualizing data in the web interface, the main component of this task was a microservice written in Python using the popular Flask web framework.
The service regularly updates data from various sources and, upon request, provides the necessary information for visualization in the web interface. The main data source is Wikipedia pages on the spread of the virus in countries and territories. The tables with indicators on these pages are quickly updated and are excellent as a data source for the service for monitoring the spread of infection.
In the article, I will talk about the main components of the service, from receiving and updating data to creating APIs for client requests. Project code is available in the github repository .
, Python Flask . , , . , COVID-19.
Flask
Python , ORM Python SQLAlchemy. Routitude PostgreSQL.
:
pip install requirements.txt
URI :
export COVID19API_DB_URI=< URI, : postgresql://localhost/covid19api>
. :
/api API
covid.py API c COVID-19
/datasources
/test
test_covid.py COVID-19
covid_wiki.py COVID-19
utils.py
/mirgations SQLAlchemy
... Flask-Migrate (Alembic)
/test
test_app.py (API)
app.py HTTP
appvars.py
config.py
manage.py CLI
models.py ORM
requirements.txt
, :
. github , , .
. :
:
html read_html Pandas. . . , , . , , . , . Pandas DataFrame, , html .
datasources/utils.py
import pandas as pd
def get_wiki_table_df(page_url, match_string):
response = requests.get(page_url)
tables = pd.read_html(response.content)
df = None
for table in tables:
df = table
if match_string in str(df):
break
return df
. . , COVID-19 .
datasources/covid_wiki.py
def get_report_countries():
url = (
'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/'
'2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic_by_country_and_territory'
)
df = utils.get_wiki_table_df(url, 'Locations[b]')
df = pd.DataFrame(
df.values[:, 1:5],
columns=['country', 'confirmed', 'deaths', 'recovered']
)
df = df[~df['country'].isna()]
df['country'] = df['country'].apply(lambda x: utils.clean_territory_name(x))
df.drop(df[df['country'].str.len() > 40].index, inplace=True)
df = utils.wiki_table_df_numeric_column_clean(df, [
'confirmed', 'deaths', 'recovered'
])
df['state'] = None
check_report(df)
return df
html , , , .
datasources/test/test_covid.py
from unittest import TestCase
from datasources import covid_wiki
class TestCovid(TestCase):
def test_get_wiki_report(self):
report = covid_wiki.get_report_countries()
self.assertTrue('Russia' in list(report['country']))
self.assertTrue(report.shape[0] > 0)
:
nosetests datasources
SQLAlchemy ORM Flask
, , . Python , , , . - (Object-Relational Mapping, ORM). Python ORM SQLAlchemy. , , , SQLAchemy . Alembic. , Flask , Flask-Migrate. appvars.py manage.py.
ORM Model SQLAlchemy. SQLAchemy . , . ORM .
models.py
class CovidWiki(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'covid_wiki'
territory_id = Column(
db.VARCHAR(length=256), nullable=False, primary_key=True
)
update_time = Column(db.TIMESTAMP(), nullable=False)
country = Column(db.VARCHAR(length=128), nullable=False)
state = Column(db.VARCHAR(length=128), nullable=True)
confirmed = Column(db.INTEGER(), nullable=True)
deaths = Column(db.INTEGER(), nullable=True)
recovered = Column(db.INTEGER(), nullable=True)
Index('ix_covid_wiki_country', CovidWiki.country)
Index('ix_covid_wiki_state', CovidWiki.state)
, , Alembic:
python manage.py db init
migrations . ORM :
python manage.py db migrate -m covid_wiki
, , , , , , . migrations/versions. , , python, . 2 — upgrate downgrade. ORM , , .
, . :
python manage.py db upgrade
.
COVID-19
ORM , pandas DataFrame , , , . , . , , SQLAlchemy.
models.py
def update_data_by_dataframe(self, df):
report = df.to_dict(orient='records')
report_last = self.get_wiki_last_report()
for value in report:
territory_id = self.get_id(value['country'], value['state'])
value['territory_id'] = territory_id
changed = (
(len(report_last) == 0) or
(territory_id not in report_last) or
(utils.get_covid_values_sum(value) !=
utils.get_covid_values_sum(report_last[territory_id]))
)
if not changed:
continue
logging.info(f"Updating data for territory: {territory_id}")
data = dict(value)
for name in utils.STAT_NAMES:
value = data[name]
if np.isnan(value):
data[name] = None
continue
data[name] = int(value)
data['update_time'] = datetime.datetime.now()
report = CovidWiki(**data)
db.session.merge(report)
db.session.commit()
. .
models.py
def update_data(self):
logging.info('Updating countries data')
self.update_data_by_dataframe(covid_wiki.get_report_countries())
logging.info('Updating Russian states data')
self.update_data_by_dataframe(covid_wiki.get_report_ru())
logging.info('Updating USA states data')
self.update_data_by_dataframe(covid_wiki.get_report_us())
Flask Flask-Script . , , manager.command . .
manage.py
@manager.command
def update_covid_data():
CovidWiki().update_data()
, , :
python manage.py update_covid_data
- , cron.
API COVID-19 Flask
. Flask . , SQLAlchemy . , COVID-19:
api/covid.py
def get_covid_countries_report():
data = db.session.query(CovidWiki).filter(CovidWiki.state.is_(None)).all()
return [v.to_dict() for v in data]
def get_covid_states_report_by_country(country):
data = db.session.query(CovidWiki).filter(and_(
CovidWiki.state.isnot(None),
func.lower(CovidWiki.country) == country.lower(),
)).all()
return [v.to_dict() for v in data]
def get_covid_total_stats():
def to_dict(v):
return {'confirmed': v[0], 'deaths': v[1], 'recovered': v[2]}
curr = db.session.query(
func.sum(CovidWiki.confirmed),
func.sum(CovidWiki.deaths),
func.sum(CovidWiki.recovered),
func.max(CovidWiki.update_time)
).filter(CovidWiki.state.is_(None)).one()
return {
'data': to_dict(curr),
'last_update_time': utils.datetime2string(curr[3], time=True)
}
API. , , .
app.py
@app.route('/covid/countries')
def get_covid_countries_report():
report = covid_api.get_covid_countries_report()
check_data(report)
return jsonify(report)
@app.route('/covid/states/<string:country>')
def get_covid_states_report_by_country(country):
report = covid_api.get_covid_states_report_by_country(country)
check_data(report)
return jsonify(report)
@app.route('/covid/total')
def get_covid_total_stats():
report = covid_api.get_covid_total_stats()
check_data(report)
return jsonify(report)
Flask .
python app.py
, , , curl.
curl http://localhost:5000/covid/total
. test, :
nosetests
-. Python gunicorn uWSGI.
, . API , . , .
In Routitude, we use this service to display current rates of COVID-19 infection on the map and dashboards. All source materials are available in the github repository . Any improvements, bug fixes, new features and data are welcome. I will be glad to any comments on the article and suggestions for improving the project.