🎱 💿 📡 KleinComputer KC 85/4 - modularity from the past 💩 👩‍🌾 👩🏽‍🏭

"Oh, how many wonderful discoveries the
world of the Z80s is preparing for us ."

The Z80 processor was truly ingenious, allowing a huge number of electronics manufacturers to enter the world of computers with their own options for home and not only systems. The German Robotron was no exception, having released the line (and in fact two independent) of personal computers KC 85. It included the original KC 85/1, which was continued in the form of the KC 87 model, as well as three models KC85 / 2 ... KC 85/4, which, despite the name, were not a continuation of KC 85/1, but were a separate branch in development and were even produced at another company - VEB Mikroelektronik Mühlhausen.

Their interesting design feature was the originally laid down and supported modular design both at the hardware and software level. In essence, this meant that starting with a basic configuration consisting of a main unit, a keyboard and a monitor, you can add other units and modules to increase the capabilities of the system. But more on that later. It is worth noting that despite the 35-year-old age, this system has rather impressive preserved documentation (but, unfortunately, almost all of it is in German).

Main characteristics

- Z80 U880, 1,75 ( KC85/4 1,7735 ). , OUTI.

KC 85/2 16 , 16 ( IRM — Image Repetition Memory), 4 . (CAOS 2.1), , . , , .
KC 85/3 8 , . 3.1, .
KC 85/4 64 , 40 . 4.1.

( KC85/3, 4 ):

1 — ( — F000H)
2 —
3 — ( E000H)
4 — , -
5 —
6 —
7 —

10 —
11 —
12 — RGB
13 —

320256 16 8 — . 84 ( KC 85/4 — , 81 ). .

— , . — , RGB. — . , "TV-RGB — " "TV-RGB — SCART". - "" "".

, SCART , , . , , , MicroDOS ( — .).

, , -mini-jack ( 85/4 DIN 5). , , , . , , , :

BRK (BREAK) — , .
CLR (CLEAR) — BackSpace
F1..F6 — .
U807.

( ) 600 2400 . LCR-C DATA, - ( 200 8 , , ). .

D004 .
( BASICODE — BASIC) -, IBM PC, — (Commodore, Atari ZX Spectrum).

Erika S3004 Robotron, IF 6000 (V24/RS232), IF 3000 ( Centronics). — , ( 100 ) . .

, Robotron K6304, Robotron K6311, K6312, K6313 and K6314, Prasident K6320/K6325, Soemtron K6319 Robotron K6418 ( 6415).

TV-RGB . .

, . 38025077 , .

D001, , . :

D002 (.. BUSDRIVER), 4 . ( ) 14- , .

D004 — U880 4 , 64 8 ( ) . 4- . RAM- 4 . 5,25" DD 800 .

, — D005. , , . , , .

, OUT IN .
, D003. , EPROM-, .

, 8 ( D001 + D002 + D004 + 4 )! , D004 , .


M001	- . 8- PIO.
M003	- V24. , .
M006	KC85/2
M008
M010	- 4
M011	64
M022	16
M025	8 K5732 .
M026	FORTH. M025 .
M027	-
M029	- 10 .
M036	128

, , :


M035x4	4 SIMM-. , , RAM- D004
M031	(-)
M052	! USB- ( / ) ( TFTP).

U880D, Z80 64 , ( ""), .

KC85/4 :


0000H-7FFFH	32 , , ( 85/2 85/3 4000H-7FFFH )
8000H-BFFFH	64 ( 85/3 — 16 ), 32 , ( 85/3 — )
C000H-DFFFH	8 ( 85/2 — )
E000H-FFFFH	8 CAOS

— KC85/2, , 16 8 ( ). , ZX Spectrum, , — 84 . , ZX Spectrum 1,6 — 320256 .

2 — (pixel) 10240 (color) 2560 . 16 , .

, 1 , 0 — . 8 , , — .

— ( ) 2 . 256256 , — 64256. , 4 . :

                                     
    0.............255|256......319                0.............255|256......319
    ------------------------------                ------------------------------
  0|8000.........801F|A000....A007                A800.........A81F|B000....B007
  1|8080.........809F|A080....A087                
  2|8100.........811F|A100....A107                
  3|8180.........819F|A180....A187                
  4|8020.........803F|A020....A027                A820.........A83F|B020.....B027
  5|80A0.........80BF|A0A0....A0A7                
  6|8120.........813F|A120....A127                
  7|81A0.........81BF|A1A0....A1A7                
  8|8040.........805F|A040....A047                A840.........A85F|B040.....B047
  9|80C0.........80DF|A1C0....A1C7                
 10|8140.........815F|A140....A147                
 11|81C0.........81DF|A1C0....A1C7                
 12|8060.........807F|A060....A067                A860.........A87F|B060.....B067
 13|80E0.........80FF|A0E0....A0E7                
 14|8160.........817F|A160....A167                
 15|81E0.........81FF|A1E0....A1E7                
 16|8200.........821F|A008....A00F                A880.........A89F|B008.....B00F
..................................                ...............................
255|9FE0.........9FFF|A7F8....A7FF                AFE0.........AFFF|B1F8.....B1FF

1..3 8
4..7 16
8

, , , - . , .

85/4 ! -, 84 , 81 . 4 — 10240 16 . -, . 4- , 0 2 10 , 1 3 ( 10 ) — .
— ( ) . 8000...80FF 8 256 , 8100...81FF — ..

, KC85/2 3 , KC85/4 ! .
, KC85/4 — .. HIRES. , (320256 ), 4- (, , ). , , CAOS, . (, , ) . .

, , ( ), , . 00H-1FH — — ( , ) 80H-9FH. 20-7FH A0H-FFH

CAOS (Cassette Aided Operating System), / , , / .

%BASIC — "" ( KC85/3).
%REBASIC — "" .
%MENU —
%SAVE ssss eeee [aaaa] — c ssss eeee aaaa.
%VERIFY —
%LOAD [nnn] [a]- nnn ( ) ( a )
%COLOR [n] [m] — n m
%MODIFY aaaa — aaaa
%DISPLAY ssss eeee — ssss eeee
%KEYLIST — , F1..F6
%KEY —

CAOS 4.1 :

%WINDOW —
%SYSTEM —
%V24OUT/V24DUP — V24
%CEN — Centronics-

D004 FORTH , : FLOAD, FSAVE, DIR, FORTH ( ), EDAS ( ).

128 , , , . , , .

%SWITCH

, 60 , 14 D002, D001 D004. , , 2 D002 ( 10-12 ). ( — ) . ( ) , .

, , , .

— . 0H, D004 — FH. , D002 1H EH ( ), , . D004, , .
— . D002 0H, 4H, 8H CH, D004 0H 4H, D001 — 8H CH. , : 08H, 0CH, 10H, 14H, 18H, 1CH, 20H, 24, 28H, 2CH .. F0H, F4H. , 00H, 01H, 02H , - .

(Structure Byte) — , , . , - , , . — . , . , M026 M027 ( ), , FBH. , , . , , . , , , , , .

CAOS SWITCH. , (, ).

, ( — ) .

1 () — (0 — , 1 — )
2 — (0 — , 1 — )
3-8 — . , FBH 7 8 00 — 0000H, 01 — 4000H, 10 — 8000H, 11 — C000H. , 0000H — BFFFH ( -) ( ).

, 02H ( ):

SWITCH 02 00 —
SWITCH 02 01 —

00H ( ):

SWITCH 00 00 —
SWITCH 00 01 —
SWITCH 00 03 — / ()

, M026 M027, FBH, :

00H —
1H — C000H

%MODUL ( CAOS 4.1).

, M027 (-) 08 M036 (128 ) 0C. %MODUL FBH 78H 00 ( ).

, %MENU.

%SWITCH 08 C1 08 C000H. %MENU, (EDAS, REEDAS, DISASM ..), .

%SWITCH 08 00 .

CAOS.

, , , ( ). . , , "" :

7F7FH (.. )
ASCII ( )
00 01 (). 00 , - , 01 — .
, RET

( ), , .

, HELLO, 'HELLO, HABR!':

0200                          .ORG   200h   
0200   7F 7F                  DB   7Fh,7Fh   ;Magic Bytes
0202   48 45 4C 4C 4F         DB   "HELLO"   ; 
0207   01                     DB   01h   ; -  
0208   CD 03 F0               CALL   0xF003h   ;  
020B   23                     DB   23h   ; OSTR ( )
020C   48 45 4C 4C 4F 2C 20 48 41 42 52 21 DB   "HELLO, HABR!"   ;  
0218   0D 0A                  DB   0dh,0ah   
021A   00                     DB   0h   ; 
021B   C9                     RET

23H (STR). — , .
CAOS — MODIFY 200, . .

%MENU, — %HELLO, HELLO, HABR! CAOS.

( KC85/3) CAOS , , (HC-BASIC). , :

CLS, CLEAR, LET, PRINT, INPUT, REM, FOR..NEXT, IF...THEN, DEF ( ), RND ( ), RANDOMIZE, PAPER ( ), INK ( ), COLOR ( ), PSET, PRESET, CIRCLE, LINE, GOSUB, RETURN, ON...GOTO, DATA, READ, RESTORE, TRON, TROFF, STOP, BEEP, DIM, PEEK, POKE, OPEN, CLOSE, PRINT#, LIST#, INPUT#
NEW, LIST, AUTO, RENUMBER ( ), DELETE ( )
CLOAD, CSAVE (/ ), BLOAD ( ), PTEST ( ), WINDOW ( ), SOUND ( ), VPEEK, VPOKE ( -), DEEK, DOKE ( PEEK/POKE ), CALL, USR, SWITCH
(ASC, CHR, LEFT, MID, RIGHT ) (COS, SIN, LN, EXP)
D004 HC-BASIC, , — BASI (BASic Interpreter) — BASC (BASic Compiler) — , .

(Pascal 880/S), , , - ( ) ( ).

KC-PASCAL, , K85/2..85/4. , . , , !
(Integer, Real, Char, Boolean), . - . " ".

C (HITEC-C), MicroDOS.

TPKC (TextProcessor KleinComputer). — WordPro
KALK
UniPic

MicroDOS

D004 MicroDOS ( CP/M 2.2 — , 100%), . — CAOS, D004 — MicroDOS.

24 80 — , IBM PC. — 4 10 , - , . 7 9 — — . , - "PC-".
i8080, Z80 (, ).
MicroDOS , D004 , . 50 .. - (Transient Program Area).
D004 CCP (command interpreter) — , BDOS (basic system for disk management) — , BIOS (basic system for input/output control) — / FC00H — (Coupling RAM), D004. — CCP, BDOS BIOS ( ), , .
, . Coupling RAM, , , -.
, ( -), RAM- (A:).
, B:
(DEP — Diskette extension program) / .