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To increase the effectiveness of implant survival by 5-7 times - how is this possible?

For implant survival, not only the biocompatibility of the material is important, its structural features play an important role: the better the implant “mimics” under the bone, the faster the healing process begins. The process can be made more efficient by introducing specific additives that attract the patient’s own cells into the implantation area, which contribute to the formation of a new bone. A team of scientists from NITU "MISiS", SRCEM them. N.F. Gamalei, NMIC them. N.N. Blokhin and the Technical University of Dortmund have achieved a 5–7-fold increase in the efficiency of bone implant survival. How did this become possible?

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It is all about the combinatorial approach: the porous structure of the implant, its mineral enrichment and the effect of two protein growth factors introduced into the implant.

Researchers have introduced proteins into the hybrid implant made of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and hydroxylapatite (a mineral substance that makes up approximately 50% of natural bone), which naturally contribute to bone growth and hematopoiesis. The experiment was carried out on laboratory mice with a trepanation hole in the skull with a diameter of 4 mm - independently, without an implant, such a defect would never have lasted.
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Artificially synthesized proteins of two types were introduced into the implant: bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), which attracts the patient’s own cells to the site of implantation, which contribute to the formation of bone tissue, and erythropoietin (EPO), which has many functions in the body, in this case, promotes the formation of blood vessels in the newly formed bone tissue.
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Seven groups of mice were used in the experiment: in the first group, the implant was not inserted into the trepanation hole, the second used a hybrid implant without proteins inserted into it, and the rest used an implant with various combinations of these proteins. The most successful results were revealed in groups 6 and 7: in one of them 7 micrograms of BMP-2 was inserted into the implant, in the other - 3.5 micrograms of BMP-2 and 3.5 micrograms of EPO. Already at the 3rd week of the experiment, a skull defect in mice from these two groups was completely tightened by actively growing bone tissue. This is 5-7 times more effective (that is, when proteins are added, 5-7 times more bone tissue is formed) compared with the survival of the implant without the introduced proteins.

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The experiment in seven groups of mice with a cranial defect. It can be observed that the most effective results were achieved in groups 6 and 7.

Article on the development published in Materials Science & Engineering the C .

The scientists' further plans are to continue work on the creation of biocompatible modified implants, including from bioresorbable materials, which would completely dissolve over time, leaving only newly grown bone.

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