
In this article, four decompilers โ Fernflower , CFR , Procyon, and jadx โ will be examined and compared in several ways.
: . , ( 2019) Java-.
โ (brontozyablik), Solar appScreener
โ Solar appScreener โ . Java-. : , . " 147- - -". , - .
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: (UPD: Fernflower') , . , . , , .
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. , , Fernflower โ (analytical) . , , . ( , ). , .
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- ( ) ;
- (foreach,try-with-resources, etc).
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( โ 2019 ). .
- Fernflower โ , JetBrains. GitHub.
- CFR (0.146) โ , , , , , "for fun". GitHub. .
- Procyon (0.5.36) โ , Java. . Bitbucket.
- jadx (1.0.0) โ , Dalvik, JVM. GitHub.
, , ,
.- JD-Core ( JD Project) โ , ( gui).
 UPD: GitHub.
- Krakatau โ , , Java 8.
- JAD โ ( Java 5).
, Windows: Cavaj, DJ Java Decompiler, JBVD, AndroChef. , - - , . , , ...
 :
, jadx Android. , jvm, dx. , jadx , jadx .
jadx DEX 37 , - , , .
Fernflower ( 16.09.19), CFR (0.146), Procyon (0.5.36) jadx (1.0.0). jadx .
, , โ Fernflower, , Java 8. . Java โ Procyon Java 9 , CFR ( Fernflower ).
java -jar fernflower.jar -dgs=1 -asc=1 -ind="    " <input-jar> <output-dir>
java -jar cfr-0.146.jar <input-jar> --outputpath <output-dir>
java -jar procyon-decompiler-0.5.36.jar -jar <input-jar> -o <output-dir>
./bin/jadx -d <output-dir> <input-jar> --show-bad-code
, .
Fernflower
, Intellij IDEA, .
, Fernflower โ Intellij IDEA. ( , โ Fernflower ).
, . master 3 ( 2019). , , , Intellij IDEA.
CFR
, ( ). , , -. (0.147), .
, .
Procyon
, (2019) . , . , , , .
jadx
, - . 20 2019 1.0.0. DVM .
, , . , .
jadx , 39 fernflower.jar , , .
, : ( , CFR ); , ( , , ), .
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, , , ( CFR - ).
, .
, Fernflower, , 34 36 โ variable <var> is already defined. CFR . Procyon' (10 16) - , boolean . - ( ).
, CFR โ , 4 . 10 , 72 โ . , "" CFR , , , .
: , - .
: , .
100 JAR- 5.2M (JAR-, , .class ).
โ 15 JAR- 14M.
, . CFR , Fernflower . , 14M โ .class .
, .
. , , jadx, . jadx , Android-.

, .
for-each
FullInstructionSequence.java
for (ExceptionHandler handler : handlers) {
    handler.from_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.from);
    handler.to_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.to);
    handler.handler_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.handler);
}
Fernflower for-each . .
, handler , - . , var3 , unchecked cast :
ExceptionHandler handler;
for (Iterator var3 = handlers.iterator(); var3.hasNext(); handler.handler_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.handler)) {
    handler = (ExceptionHandler)var3.next();
    handler.from_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.from);
    handler.to_instr = this.getPointerByAbsOffset(handler.to);
}
SSAConstructorSparseEx.java
varmaparr[varmaparr[1] == null ? 0 : 1]
Procyon'. , , , โ , :
varmaparr[varmaparr[1] != null];
IFernflowerPreferences.java
public interface IFernflowerPreferences {
    Map<String, Object> DEFAULTS = getDefaults();
    static Map<String, Object> getDefaults() { ... }
}
, Procyon. default, static getDefaults(), :
public interface IFernflowerPreferences {
    public static final Map<String, Object> DEFAULTS = getDefaults();
    
    
    default Map<String, Object> getDefaults() { return ... }
}
, .
, .unboxing
VarVersionPair.java
VarVersionsProcessor.java
public class VarVersionPair {   
    public final int var;
    public final int version;
    public VarVersionPair(int var, int version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
    public VarVersionPair(Integer var, Integer version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
}
new VarVersionPair(ent.getKey().var , version.intValue() );
Fernflower
.
public class VarVersionPair {
    public final int var;
    public final int version;
    public VarVersionPair(int var, int version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
    public VarVersionPair(Integer var, Integer version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
}
new VarVersionPair(((VarVersionPair)ent.getKey()).var, version);
Procyon
public class VarVersionPair {
    public final int var;
    public final int version;
    public VarVersionPair(final int var, final int version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
    public VarVersionPair(final Integer var, final Integer version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
}
new VarVersionPair(ent.getKey().var , (int)version );
CFR
public class VarVersionPair {
    public final int var;
    public final int version;
    public VarVersionPair(int var, int version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
    public VarVersionPair(Integer var, Integer version) {
        this.var = var;
        this.version = version;
    }
}
new VarVersionPair(ent.getKey().var , (int)version );
dx + jadx
, .
public class VarVersionPair {
    public final int var;
    public final int version;
    public VarVersionPair(int var, int version) {
        this.var = var2;
        this.version = version2;
    }
    public VarVersionPair(Integer var, Integer version) {
        this.var = var.intValue();
        this.version = version.intValue();
    }
}
new VarVersionPair(((VarVersionPair) ent.getKey()).var , ((Integer) it.next()).intValue() );
Try-with-resources
ConsoleDecompiler.java
try (Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(...)) {
    <try-body>
}
catch (IOException ex) {
   <catch-body>
}
Fernflower
, try-with-resources . , try-catch. (:
try {
    Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(...);
    Throwable var8 = null;
    try {
        <try-body>
    } catch (Throwable var18) {
        var8 = var18;
        throw var18;
    } finally {
        if (out != null) {
            if (var8 != null) {
                try {
                    out.close();
                } catch (Throwable var17) {
                    var8.addSuppressed(var17);
                }
            } else {
                out.close();
            }
        }
    }
} catch (IOException var20) {
    <catch-body>
}
CFR
: 0.142 try-with-resources , 0.146 try.
UPD: 0.147.
try {
    try (OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(...);){
        out.write(content);
    }
}
catch (IOException ex) {
    <catch-body>
}
Procyon
try (final Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(...)) {
    out.write(content);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
    <catch-body>
}
dx + jadx (with --show-bad-code option)
jadx .
...
try {
    Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    Throwable th = null;
    <try-body>
    if (out == null) {
        return;
    }
    if (th != null) {
        try {
            out.close();
        } catch (Throwable th2) {
            th.addSuppressed(th2);
        }
    } else {
        out.close();
    }
} catch (IOException ex) {
    <catch-body>
} catch (Throwable th3) {
    r4.addSuppressed(th3);
}
ClassReference14Processor.java
graph.iterateExprents(exprent -> {
    for (Entry<ClassWrapper, MethodWrapper> ent : mapClassMeths.entrySet()) {
        <body>
    }
    return 0;
});
Fernflower
. for-each ( for-each).
graph.iterateExprents((exprentx) -> {
    Iterator var3 = mapClassMeths.entrySet().iterator();
    while(var3.hasNext()) {
        Entry<ClassWrapper, MethodWrapper> ent = (Entry)var3.next();
        <body>
    }
    return 0;
});
Procyon
for-each ( for-each Procyon ). ent iterator2 , , ent effectively final .
final Iterator<Map.Entry<ClassWrapper, MethodWrapper>> iterator2;
Map.Entry<ClassWrapper, MethodWrapper> ent;
graph.iterateExprents(exprent -> {
    
    mapClassMeths.entrySet().iterator();   
        while (iterator2.hasNext()) {
        ent = iterator2.next();
        <body>
    }
    return 0;
});
CFR
graph.iterateExprents(exprent -> {
    for (Map.Entry ent : mapClassMeths.entrySet()) {
        <body>
    }
    return 0;
});
dx + jadx
jadx . .
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not decompiled: org.jetbrains.java.decompiler.main.ClassReference14Processor.processClassRec(org.jetbrains.java.decompiler.main.ClassesProcessor$ClassNode, java.util.Map, java.util.Set):void");
for
SwitchInstruction.java
for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < len; i++, k++) {
    if (<condition>) {
        ...
        k++;
    }
    ...
}
Fernflower
i .
int i = 0;
for(int k = 0; i < len; ++k) {
    if (<condition>) {
        ...
        ++k;
    }
    ...
    ++i;
}
Procyon
for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < len; ++i, ++k) {
    if (<condition>) {
        ...
        ++k;
    }
    ...
}
CFR
( ).
int i = 0;
int k = 0;
while (i < len) {
    if (<condition>) {
        ...
        ++k;
    }
    ...
    ++i;
    ++k;
}
dx + jadx
, CFR.
int i = 0;
int k = 0;
while (i < len) {
    if (<condition>) {
        ...
        k++;
    }
    ...
    i++;
    k++;
}
Generics
.
ConcatenationHelper.java
List<Exprent> lstOperands = new ArrayList<>();
Fernflower
ArrayList lstOperands = new ArrayList();
Procyon
final List<Exprent> lstOperands = new ArrayList<Exprent>();
CFR
ArrayList<Exprent> lstOperands = new ArrayList<Exprent>();
dx + jadx
List<Exprent> lstOperands = new ArrayList<>();
VarTypeProcessor.java
LinkedList<Statement> stack = new LinkedList<>();
stack.add(root);                
stack.addAll(stat.getStats());  
Fernflower
unchecked assignment .
LinkedList<Statement> stack = new LinkedList();
stack.add(root);
stack.addAll(stat.getStats())
Procyon
, .
final LinkedList<Statement> stack = new LinkedList<Statement>();
stack.add(root);
stack.addAll((Collection<? extends Statement>)stat.getStats());
CFR
, Statement <RootStatement>.
LinkedList<RootStatement> stack = new LinkedList<RootStatement>();
stack.add(root);
stack.addAll(stat.getStats()); 
dx + jadx
LinkedList<Statement> stack = new LinkedList<>();
stack.add(root);
stack.addAll(stat.getStats()); 
Statement.java
protected HashSet<Statement> continueSet = new HashSet<>();
...
continueSet.addAll(st.buildContinueSet());
Fernflower
protected HashSet<Statement> continueSet = new HashSet<>();
...
this.continueSet.addAll(st.buildContinueSet());
Procyon
.
protected HashSet<Statement> continueSet;
...
public Statement() {
    this.continueSet = new HashSet<Statement>();
    ...
}
...
this.continueSet.addAll((Collection<?>)st.buildContinueSet());
CFR
protected HashSet<Statement> continueSet = new HashSet<>();;
...
this.continueSet.addAll(st.buildContinueSet());
dx + jadx
protected HashSet<Statement> continueSet;
...
this.continueSet.addAll(st.buildContinueSet());
 jadx dex
, jadx Android โ AntennaPod ( ).
.jadx . , , :
private static Context context;
public static void init(Context context) {
  UpdateManager.context = context;
  ...
}
:
private static Context context;
public static void init(Context context) {
  context = context;
  ...
}
jadx , , :
(item1, item2) -> compareLong(item1.timePlayed, item2.timePlayed)
:
public final  class $$Lambda$DBReader$J14FiokVfxZ2H5XUZEtHQOEEq_0 implements Comparator {
  public static final  
  $$Lambda$DBReader$J14FiokVfxZ2H5XUZEtHQOEEq_0 INSTANCE 
            = new $$Lambda$DBReader$J14FiokVfxZ2H5XUZEtHQOEEq_0();
  private  $$Lambda$DBReader$J14FiokVfxZ2H5XUZEtHQOEEq_0() { }
  public final int compare(Object obj, Object obj2) {
    return DBReader.compareLong(((StatisticsItem)obj).timePlayed, 
                                ((StatisticsItem)obj2).timePlayed);
  }
}
. :
public Feed(...) {
    this(id, lastUpdate, title, null, link, 
         description, paymentLink, author, 
         language, type, feedIdentifier, imageUrl,
         fileUrl, downloadUrl, downloaded, 
         new FlattrStatus(), false, null, null, false);
}
:
public Feed(...) {
    long j = id;
    String str = lastUpdate;
    String str2 = title;
    String str3 = link;
    String str4 = description;
    String str5 = paymentLink;
    String str6 = author;
    String str7 = language;
    String str8 = type;
    String str9 = feedIdentifier;
    String str10 = imageUrl;
    String str11 = fileUrl;
    String str12 = downloadUrl;
    boolean z = downloaded;
    FlattrStatus flattrStatus = r5;
    FlattrStatus flattrStatus2 = new FlattrStatus();
    this(j, str, str2, null, str3, 
         str4, str5, str6, 
         str7, str8, str9, str10, 
         str11, str12, z, 
         flattrStatus, false, null, null, false);
}
, , jadx . :
URL url = new URI(BASE_SCHEME, BASE_HOST, 
                  String.format("/api/2/tags/%d.json", count), null).toURL();
Request.Builder request = new Request.Builder().url(url);
String response = executeRequest(request);
JSONArray jsonTagList = new JSONArray(response);
:
JSONArray jsonTagList 
    = new JSONArray(executeRequest(new Builder().url(
        new URI(BASE_SCHEME, 
                this.BASE_HOST,
                String.format("/api/2/tags/%d.json", 
                new Object[]{Integer.valueOf(count)}), null).toURL())));
, jadx :
final String action = intent.getStringExtra(ARG_ACTION);
if (action != null) {
  switch(action) {
    case ACTION_SYNC:
      <code1>
    case ACTION_SYNC_SUBSCRIPTIONS:
      <code2>
    case ACTION_SYNC_ACTIONS:
      <code3>
    default:
      <code4>
  }
}
:
String action = intent.getStringExtra(ARG_ACTION);
        if (action != null) {
            Object obj = -1;
            int hashCode = action.hashCode();
            if (hashCode != -1744995379) {
                if (hashCode != 29421060) {
                    if (hashCode == 1497029227 && action.equals(ACTION_SYNC_ACTIONS)) {
                        obj = 2;
                    }
                } else if (action.equals(ACTION_SYNC_SUBSCRIPTIONS)) {
                    obj = 1;
                }
            } else if (action.equals(ACTION_SYNC)) {
                obj = null;
            }
  switch (obj) {
    case null:
      <code1>
    case 1:
      <code2>
    case 2:
      <code3>
    default:
      <code4>
  }
}
if(item != null) {
    return item.getId() == id;
}
...
FeedItem feedItem = this.item;
boolean z = true;
if (feedItem != null) {
    if (feedItem.getId() != id) {
        z = false;
    }
    return z;
}
 , , , jadx, , . , , jadx 15 switch-case if-else , .
:
CFR
( for-each, try-with-resources , ), ( ). CFR .
โ , , , ( , , , ; ).
Procyon
, . - CFR Java 9 . Procyon ( ).
Fernflower
. ( ). , Fernflower Intellij IDEA, , .
jadx
( ) , Android. , ( , ). (, try-with-resources) DVM 37 . JAR .
P.S. , : . , , , , .