ุณุงุฑุณ ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉุŸ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุงุจ ู…ู† ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† Coronavirus


ู„ุง ุŒ ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฑุงุกุŸ ููƒุฑุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณู…ุนุช ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจุฃู† Kovid-19 ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุชุฌู‹ุง ุนู† ุชุณุฑุจ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑูŠ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุณุชู‡ุฏู. ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุฑูุถ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูƒู‡ู†ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุณุจุญูˆู† ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุชูŠุงุฑ ุนุงุตู ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุนุฑูู‡ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.

ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฑูุถู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุคูŠุฏูŠ ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุฏุฃูˆุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃุทุฑูˆุญุงุชู‡ู… ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจุญุฌุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุชุญุทูŠู… ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูƒู…ุคู„ููŠู† ู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ (ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ูŠ) ุŒ ูุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูƒู…ุง ุงุญุชุฑู…ู†ูŠ ุจุงู†ุดูŠู† .

ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุณุนูŠุงู‹ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุถุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุŒ ุฃุตุงุจู†ูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุดูƒ. ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุดูƒุŸ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู‚ุช ููŠ ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช 15-20 ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆู‡ู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุซู„ CoV2 ูƒุงู† ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุง ุดุงุฆุนู‹ุง ููŠู‡ุง. ูˆ CoV2 ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒู…ูŠุฑุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุŒ ุชุณุชู†ุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ู…ู† RaTG13 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช (RBM) ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงุด ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ู‚ุณู… ุฎุงุต ู…ู† 4 ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ููŠู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงูƒุชุดู ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูˆุณุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ "ุฐุฎูŠุฑุฉ" ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ู‡ุง.ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ุŒ ุจูุถู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.

ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ูุฅู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ CoV2 ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุนุจู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃุฎุตุงุฆูŠ ู…ุจุชุฏุฆ. ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุดุงุฑูƒ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠ Zhengli ุŒ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุŒ ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก - ู…ุซู„ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ RBM ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุจู€ RBM ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ(ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2007) ุŒ ูˆุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ููŠูˆุฑูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ุจุฏุก ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช ACE2 ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.

ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ UFO


ุชู… ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู† ุฑุณู…ูŠุงู‹ ุนู† ูˆุจุงุก COVID-19 ุงู„ูˆุจุงุฆูŠ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุญุงุฏุฉ ุญุงุฏุฉ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู†ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุญุจุฑูŠ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน - ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุซูˆู‚ู‹ุง / ู…ููŠุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ.

ู†ุญุซูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุฉ.


ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ

, .

ุงุบุณู„ ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุŒ ูˆุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุฃุญุจุงุฆูƒ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฃู…ูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู† ุจุนุฏ.

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุญูˆู„: ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ | ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู† ุจุนุฏ

ุดูŠ Zhengli ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู‡ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช

ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ .

ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุญูŠุงุก


ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุฏ. ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน RBM ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ุบุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุณูŠุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู…ูŠุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุงุฆูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฌุฒูŠุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ (ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S) ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุชูˆุฌ ุจู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช:


ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูŠุชู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠูˆู† ุจู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุญูŠุฉ (ACE2 ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชู†ุง) ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‡ู… ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุคุซุฑ ูˆุฃูŠู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ - ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช ACE2 ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠุฉ. ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… 30 ูƒูŠู„ูˆุจุงุณ ุงู„ุถุฎู… ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุฌูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ 12-13 ูช ูู‚ุท ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1300 ุญู…ุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุจู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ููŠ CoV2 ูˆุฃู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุจูŠู†:


ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ุŒ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ู…ู† ูˆุญุฏุชูŠู† ูุฑุนูŠุชูŠู†: S1 ูˆ S2. ู‡ูˆ S1 ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช ACE2 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช (RBD) ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุŒ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏุงุณ ุŒ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุญุงูุฒ ุชุฌู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ (RBM). ู‡ู†ุง ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ :

RBD CoV2, ACE2.
() 2019-nCov. NTD, N- . RBD, - . RBM, - . SD1, 1. SD2, 2. FP, . HR1, 1. HR2, 2. TM, . IC, .
() RBD 2019-nCov. RBM .
() RBD 2019-nCov, ACE2. ACE2 . RBD 2019-nCoV , RBM โ€” . RBD 2019-nCov . N- ACE2, , .
Overall structure of 2019-nCoV RBD bound with ACE2.
(a) Overall topology of 2019-nCoV spike monomer. NTD, N-terminal domain. RBD, receptor-binding domain. RBM, receptor-binding motif. SD1, subdomain 1. SD2, subdomain 2. FP, fusion peptide. HR1, heptad repeat 1. HR2, heptad repeat 2. TM, transmembrane region. IC, intracellular domain.
(b) Sequence and secondary structures of 2019-nCoV RBD. The RBM is colored red.
() Overall structure of 2019-nCoV RBD bound with ACE2. ACE2 is colored green. 2019-nCoV RBD core is colored cyan and RBM is colored red. Disulfide bonds in the 2019-nCoV RBD are shown as stick and indicated by yellow arrows. The N-terminal helix of ACE2 responsible for binding is labeled.

ุญุชู‰ ู‡ู†ุง. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู… ููƒ ุชุดููŠุฑ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… CoV2 ูู‚ุท ุŒ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู‡ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ 23 ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ 2020 ุŒ ุฃุตุฏุฑุช ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‹ุง ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ููŠู‡ ุฃู† CoV2 ูŠุชุฒุงู…ู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 96 ูช ู…ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ RaTG13 ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุฒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุงู… 2013 ุนู† ุฎูุงููŠุด ูŠูˆู†ุงู†. ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ 2020 ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุนุฑู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ.

ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุฃู† RaTG13 ู‡ูˆ ุตุจูŠ ุฎุงุต. ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ:


ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุณู… ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ CoV2 ู…ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ. ูƒู„ู…ุง ุงุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุŒ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช. ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุŒ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุงุฆูƒ ุฌุฏู‹ุง (S) ุŒ ูุฅู† RaTG13 ูู‚ุท ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† CoV2 ุŒ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูˆุฉ - ูƒู„ุง ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV (ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ) ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฑูŠุจ - ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู‡ูˆู ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ.

ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†ุฒ


ุซู… ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ: ููŠ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ ุŒ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุณู„ุงู„ู‡ู… ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ู† RaTG13 ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ู„ู€ CoV2 (90 ูช) ุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน RBM ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง - ูƒุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ 1 (ุงู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠูŠู† ุŒ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชุฒุงู…ู†ู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„):


ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุชุดุงุจู‡ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน CoV2 ุŒ ูˆูŠุชุฒุงู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจุนุฏ RBM ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ (CoV2 ุŒ Pangolin ุŒ RaTG13) ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„. ู„ูƒู† RBM ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ RaTG13 ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุนู† CoV2 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุญุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ ู„ู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ RaTG13 ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ CoV2 ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ RBM (ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท ุงู„ุฑุฃุณูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠ) ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:


ุชู… ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ - ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู€ RBM ุŒ ูุฅู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ CoV2 ู…ู† RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ู† RBM ุฅู„ู‰ CoV2 ูู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ RaVG13. ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู†ุŸ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง:


ูˆู‚ุฏ ุตุงุฏุฑุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฑุจูŠู† ูˆู†ูู‚ู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃู‡ูŠู„ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ุบุฏูˆู†ุบ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู…ุงุชูˆุง ุจุฃุนุฑุงุถ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ูŠุซูŠุฑ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูŠู† ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนุฒู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ:
, , - 2019 . (Manis pentadactyla) 25 (Manis javanica). ; , , . , , , , , , .
Pangolins used in the study were confiscated by Customs and Department of Forestry of Guangdong Province in March-December 2019. They include four Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) and 25 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica). These animals were sent to the wildlife rescue center, and were mostly inactive and sobbing, and eventually died in custody despite exhausting rescue efforts. Tissue samples were taken from the lung, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, muscle, kidney, and other tissues from pangolins that had just died for histopathological and virological examinations.
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ุญู„ูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุขุฎุฑูŠู† (ู‡ูˆู†ุฌ ูƒูˆู†ุฌ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ) ุชู„ู‚ูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆููŠ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ 2020 ุฃุตุฏุฑูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู…ู„ู‹ุง ู…ุดุงุจู‡ู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุดูŠุฑูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ CoV2:
ุชู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุฏุฉ (ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฏู…) ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู† 18 ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุงูŠ ( Manis javanica ) ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุบุณุทุณ 2017 - ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ 2018. ุชู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ุงู†ุงุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฌู…ุงุฑูƒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ุบุดูŠ. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุด ุฃู† ุชุณู„ุณู„ RNA ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ูƒุดู ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ (ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ุŒ ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุŒ ู…ุฒูŠุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุŒ ุฏู… ูˆุงุญุฏ) ู…ู† 43 ุนูŠู†ุฉ.
...
, , , RaTG13 2019-CoV2 (. 1c, d). , 2019-CoV2 - (RBD; 97,4%; . 1c . 2a), 2019-CoV2 RaTG13. RaTG13 2019-CoV2 89,2% RBD. 2019-CoV2 RBD, RaTG13 2019-CoV2 ( 442, SARS-CoV ).
We received frozen tissue (lungs, intestine, blood) samples that were collected from 18 Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) during August 2017-January 2018. These pangolins were obtained during the anti-smuggling operations by Guangxi Customs. Strikingly, high-throughput sequencing of their RNA revealed the presence of coronaviruses in six (two lung, two intestine, one lung-intestine mix, one blood) of 43 samples. With the sequence read data, and by filling gaps with amplicon sequencing, we were able to obtain six full or nearly full genome sequences โ€” denoted GX/P1E, GX/P2V, GX/P3B, GX/P4L, GX/P5E and GX/P5L โ€” that fall into the 2019-CoV2 lineage (within the genus Betacoronavirus) in a phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1a).
โ€ฆ
More notable, however, was the observation of putative recombination signals between the pangolins coronaviruses, bat coronaviruses RaTG13, and human 2019-CoV2 (Figure 1c, d). In particular, 2019-CoV2 exhibits very high sequence similarity to the Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses in the receptor-binding domain (RBD; 97.4% amino acid similarity; indicated by red arrow in Figure 1c and Figure 2a), even though it is most closely related to bat coronavirus RaTG13 in the remainder of the viral genome. Bat CoV RaTG and the human 2019-CoV2 have only 89.2% amino acid similarity in RBD. Indeed, the Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses and 2019-CoV2 possess identical amino acids at the five critical residues of the RBD, whereas RaTG13 only shares one amino acid with 2019-CoV2 (residue 442, human SARS-CoV numbering).
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุณู„ุท ู…ุคู„ููˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุณูŠูุณุงุก ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดูŠุทุฉ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ CoV2:
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุงุฏูุฉ ูู‚ุท ููŠ RBD ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ู„ pangolin guangdong ู…ุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† 2019-CoV2 (ุงู„ุดูƒู„ 2 ุจ). ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ RBD ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจุงู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ 2019-CoV2 ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุจูˆุณุงุทุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญุฉ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Interestingly, a phylogenetic analysis of synonymous sites alone in the RBD revealed that the phylogenetic position of the Guangdong pangolin is consistent with that in the remainder of the viral genome, rather than being the closest relative of 2019-CoV2 (Figure 2b). Hence, it is possible that the amino acid similarity between the RBD of the Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses and 2019-CoV2 is due to selectively-mediated convergent evolution rather than recombination, although it is difficult to choose between these scenarios on current data.
ุชุชุฑุฌู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญู„ูŠู„ RBD ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุŒ ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ (ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุงุฏูุฉ) ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุฒู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ RB M (ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† CoV2 ูˆ Pangolin) ุŒ ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดูˆุก ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ู…ุชุฑุงุฏูุฉ ุŒ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู† CoV2 ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†. ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุบุฑูŠุจ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ููŠ ุถูˆุก ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† pangoliniy ู…ุน CoV2 ู„ู‡ RBM ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ (ุฃูŠ ุฌุฒุก ุฏุงุฎู„ RBD).

ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌู‹ุง ุนู† ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ ุฃู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช CoV2 ูˆ pangolins ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ RBM ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ู„ุฃุณู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ. ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ - ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ู„ู„ุชูˆ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† RBM ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุจู€ RBM ููŠ RaTG13. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ุณุงู…ุญ ุฏุงุฑูˆูŠู† ุŒ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠ.

ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุงุจ ู„ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌูŠู†


ู„ูู‡ู… ุฃุตู„ CoV2 ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ููŠ ุซุงู„ูˆุซู†ุง: CoV2 ูˆ RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin - ู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุซู†ุงุฆูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง (ูŠุชู… ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุงุท ุŒ ูˆุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุŒ ูˆุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุทุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู / ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฐูˆูุฉ) :


ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† CoV2 ูˆ RaTG13. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฅู† RaTG13 ุŒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ RBM (ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃุญู…ุฑ) ุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† CoV2. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ CoV2 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู†.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ. ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ูู‚ุท ุจุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุตุงุฏุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฑูƒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2019. ูƒู…ุง ุชู… ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฏูุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 2017 ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ. ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ุง RaTG13 ุจุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุนุงู…ูŠ 2017 ูˆ 2019 ุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง:


ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† 2017 ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ RaTG13 (ูˆ CoV2) ู…ู† ู†ุธูŠุฑุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† 2019 (MP789). ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ู… ุณู„ู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุญุฏูŠุซู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุจุฑุฒุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุก ุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-19 (MP789) ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† pangolin-17 ุŒ ู†ุธุฑู‹ุง ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ุน RaTG13 (ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก) ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุชู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุฑุฉ 17. ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ ูุฅู† RBM ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ.

ุฑุจู…ุง ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ูุตุงู„ ุฃุณู„ุงู RaTG13 ูˆ MP789 ุŒ ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ MP789 ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S (ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-17) ุŒ ูˆุจู‚ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ุดุงุฆุนู‹ุง ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ. ุซู… ุงุฌุชู…ุนุช ู…ุณุงุฑุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช RaTG13 ูˆ MP789 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆููŠ ู†ูˆุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุทูุฉ ูˆู„ุฏุช CoV2. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู„ู RaTG13 ู†ุงุชุฌู‹ุง ุนู† ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุฃุณู„ุงู ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†.

ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง (QTQTNS) ููŠ RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-19 ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ CoV2 ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุงู†ุดุทุงุฑ ุงู„ูุฑูˆูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุดุฃ ุจุณุจุจ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ 4 ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† (PRRA). ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† RaTG13 ูˆ CoV2 ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† pangolin-19 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุนุฏุฉ ุทูุฑุงุช ุดุงุฆุนุฉ (ู…ุธู„ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚):


ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ุน Orf1ab ุŒ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ CoV2 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูุฒุฉ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุฌูŠู†ูŠ: 1a ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† 1b ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ pangolin-19:


ุฃูŠ ุŒ ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ุณู„ู CoV2 ุฃุฎุทุฃ ู…ุน ุณู„ู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† 19 ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุฑุชูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ - ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุฑุซ (ู…ุน ุณู„ู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุน RaTG13) Orf1ab ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุทูุฑุฉ QTQTNS ุŒ ูˆุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง - ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ 1b ู…ุน RBM ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู† RaTG13-s. ู„ุง ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆููŠ ุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌุฏูŠุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต - ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆุชุชุญูˆู„ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ. ุณุคุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ูˆููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุฑุจุฏุฉ - ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู ุงู„ุฌุจู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ "ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุฑุทุจุฉ" ุŒ ู…ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ. ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุถุน ููŠ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ูุชู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ - ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 4 ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุชู„ ูุงุฆู‚.

ุฃู†ุง ุฃุถุฑุจ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ


ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ ู…ุฑุจุน PRRA ุจูŠู† S1 ูˆ S2. ูˆุจุตูุชู‡ ู…ู†ุดู‚ู‹ุง ุŒ ูŠุจุฑุฒ ููŠ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… CoV2 ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณูŠุทู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฐู‡ุจูŠ. ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ูุฑูˆ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ. ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุญุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุณุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุดุฑุญ ุจุฅูŠุฌุงุฒ. ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุณู… ุชุฎุทูŠุทูŠ ู…ุฑุฆูŠ:


ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† ุŒ S1 ูˆ S2 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† S1 ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ (ู†ูุณ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ / ุงู„ุญุงูุฒ) ุŒ ูˆ S2 ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ู…ุน ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุจุจุจุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฐุฑุฉ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฎุต ู‚ุทุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุจุฑุฒุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡. ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ "ู‚ูˆุงุทุน" ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ (ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุขุฎุฑูˆู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ุฐูŠ ุตู„ุฉ) ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ุถุญุงูŠุงู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆูุฑุฉ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… โ€‹โ€‹ู…ุชุณุงูˆูˆู† ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ. ูˆุงู„ููŠูˆุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑู‡ุง ูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนูŠุด ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„. ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุฎุทุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุชุฌู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† CoV2 ูˆ SARS-CoV "ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…":


ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ CoV2 ุŒ ุจูุถู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูุฆุชูŠู† ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุซู„ุงุซ ูุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ (ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูƒู…ู† ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†) ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุทุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ู‚ุทุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S ููˆุฑู‹ุง ุจุนุฏ ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ู…ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ - ุฏูˆู† ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุชุฐุงูƒุฑ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุถุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู„ู€ CoV2:
, , , , , SARS-CoV-2. () COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 , .
Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence.
ุฃูˆู‡ ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช Furin ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุชุณู„ุณู„ RxxR (ุฃูŠ ุŒ Arg-XX-Arg ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† X ุฃูŠ ุญู…ุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ). ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ (ุฃูŠ RRxR ุฃูˆ RxRR) ุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ.

ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ูˆุญุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ูุฑู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตูŠู† . ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„! ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจุงุก ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏูŠู† ู„ู€ Cov2 ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน - ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง 40 ูช ูู‚ุท ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† Cov2 ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…:
ุชู… ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† SARS-CoV-2 ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 40 ูช ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ููˆุฑู†ูŠ (ุงู„ุดูƒู„ 1 ุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ 1) ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ Bat-CoV RaTG13 ูˆ SARS-CoV (ู…ุน ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ 97.4 ูช ูˆ 78.6ูช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ). ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† RRAR ููŠ SARS-CoV-2 ูุฑูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ุจูุถู„ ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ PRRA ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏ. ุจุงู„ูƒุงุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠ SARS-CoV-2 ู‚ุฏ ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† MERS ุŒ HCoV-HKU1 ุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ. ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุŒ ูŠุตุนุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ. ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูˆุณูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
It was found that all Spike with a SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequence homology greater than 40% did not have a furin cleavage site (Figure 1, Table 1), including Bat-CoV RaTG13 and SARS-CoV (with sequence identity as 97.4% and 78.6%, respectively). The furin cleavage site โ€œRRARโ€ in SARS-CoV-2 is unique in its family, rendering by its unique insert of โ€œPRRAโ€. The furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to have evolved from MERS, HCoV-HKU1, and so on. From the currently available sequences in databases, it is difficult for us to find the source. Perhaps there are still many evolutionary intermediate sequences waiting to be discovered.
ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุณู… ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ (ูŠุชู… ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠูˆุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠ ุŒ ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑ 3 ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช Cov2 ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 10):


ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ HKU5 ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูุฑูŠู‚ Shi Zhengli ููŠ 2014 ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ุบุชุดูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ู…ู† ุฌู†ุณ Pipistrellus (ุชู…ุช ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ GenBank ููŠ 2018). ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุฌุฏู‹ุง - ุชุชุฒุงู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 36 ูช ูู‚ุท.

ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุŒ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก. ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฌุงุกุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† 12 ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุน ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† RRSRR ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุณุงุฑุณ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2006 :
ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุฒุฒ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญูˆูŠุฑ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† SARS-CoV ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุณู†ุงุจู„ ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุงุก (RRSRR) ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠู†.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
To investigate whether proteolytic cleavage at the basic amino acid residues, were it to occur, might facilitate cellโ€“cell fusion activity, we mutated the wild-type SARS-CoV glycoprotein to construct a prototypic furin recognition site (RRSRR) at either position.

ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน (RRKR) ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† SARS-CoV ููŠ ุนุงู… 2008 ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุตุจ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹:


ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงู… 2008 ุŒ ู‚ุงู… ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆู‡ู… ุงู„ู‡ูˆู„ู†ุฏูŠูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ SARS-CoV ูˆู‚ุงุฑู†ูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ูุฃุฑูŠ MHV ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน (SRRAHR | SV) ุŒ ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฑุงุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน CoV2 (SPRRAR | SV):


ููŠ ุนุงู… 2009 ุŒ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ "ุชุญุณูŠู†" SARS-CoV ุŒ ูˆุฏูˆู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจ ุจุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠู† ุŒ ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง RRSRR :
ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน SARS-CoV S1-S2 ูˆ S2 ูƒู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ู„ุงู†ุดู‚ุงู‚ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุŒ ู‚ุฏู…ู†ุง โ€‹โ€‹ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ููŠุฑุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ 664-SLLRSTSQSI - SLL RRSRR SI-671 (S1-S2) ูˆ 792-LKPTKRSF-LKRTKRSF-799 (S2 ').
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
To examine the potential use of the SARS-CoV S1โ€“S2 and S2? positions as sites for proteolytic cleavage, we first introduced furin cleavage recognition sites at these locations by making the following mutations 664-SLLRSTSQSI โ€” SLLRRSRRSI-671 (S1โ€“S2) and 792-LKPTKRSF โ€” LKRTKRSF-799 (S2?).

ุจูƒูŠู† 2019


ู„ูƒู† ุฃุญุฏุซ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2019 ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู† ุจูƒูŠู† ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ RRKR ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ุฏุฌุงุฌ ุŒ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠ (IBV):


ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู† ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุฃู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠูˆุฑูŠู† ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุจุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ. ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin CoV2 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† CoV2 ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆู† ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ:
S2' QX , , IBV (WT-IBV). , IBV S2 ( -S2) . IBV .
โ€ฆ
, , FP CoV, , , -, , .
Mutation of the S2' site of QX genotype (QX-type) spike protein (S) in a recombinant virus background results in higher pathogenicity, pronounced neural symptoms and neurotropism when compared with conditions in wild-type IBV (WT-IBV) infected chickens. In this study, we present evidence suggesting that recombinant IBV with a mutant S2' site (furin-S2' site) leads to higher mortality. Infection with mutant IBV induces severe encephalitis and breaks the bloodโ€“brain barrier.
โ€ฆ
In summary, our results demonstrate that the furin cleavage site upstream of the FP in S protein is an important site for CoV, modulating entry, cellโ€“virus fusion, adaptation to its host cell, cell tropism and pathogenicity, but not antigenicity.
ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ููˆุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุทูุฑุงุช ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุจู„ุบู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ุนุงู… 2015 ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุŒ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุดูŠ ุฒูŠู†ุบู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ู†ุฌู…ุงู† ู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ. ุณู†ุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุจุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ. ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ูุงู† ุทูุฑุชูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุชูŠู† ุณู…ุญุช ู„ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ูˆุฃุฏุช ุฅุญุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠุฑูŠู†. ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง (ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡):


ู„ู… ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ูู‚ุท ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุฑูู‚ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุฎู„ู‚ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ (ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูุฑูˆ) ุŒ ูˆุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ู†ุญู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ:
, HKU4 , HKU4, . , S746R N762A, HKU4.
โ€ฆ
, hPPC hECP HKU4 HKU4 . , HKU4 S1/S2, .
To evaluate the potential genetic changes required for HKU4 to infect human cells, we reengineered HKU4 spike, aiming to build its capacity to mediate viral entry into human cells. To this end, we introduced two single mutations, S746R and N762A, into HKU4 spike. The S746R mutation was expected to restore the hPPC motif in HKU4 spike, whereas the N762A mutation likely disrupted the potential N-linked glycosylation site in the hECP motif in HKU4 spike.
โ€ฆ
Therefore, the reengineered hPPC and hECP motifs enabled HKU4 spike to be activated by human endogenous proteases and thereby allowed HKU4 pseudoviruses to bypass the need for exogenous proteases to enter human cells. These results reveal that HKU4 spike needs only two single mutations at the S1/S2 boundary to gain the full capacity to mediate viral entry into human cells.
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูƒูŠู ูุนู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎูŠู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ุง - ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุทู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุทู„:
ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉ ุŒ ุชู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู‡ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆู MERS-CoV ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุงุณู„ luciferase ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง HEK293T ู…ุน ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ ูŠุญู…ู„ ุฌูŠู† HIV-1 ุŒ ู…ุนูŠุจู‹ุง Env ู…ุนุจุฑู‹ุง ุนู† luciferase (pNL4-3.luc.RE-) ูˆุชุฑู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ. -ูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Briefly, MERS-CoV-spike-pseudotyped retroviruses expressing a luciferase reporter gene were prepared by cotransfecting HEK293T cells with a plasmid carrying Env-defective, luciferase-expressing HIV-1 genome (pNL4โ€“3.luc.R-E-) and a plasmid encoding MERS-CoV spike protein.
ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุฏูุน ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ CoV2 ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… (ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฏ ุทุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุดู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุชุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ). ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุŒ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุก ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงู„ู ุจุงู„ุฎูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู‡ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุทุจู‚ุฉ - ูู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุนุฏูˆุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฑุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ.

ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชู‰ RaTG13


ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุŒ RaTG13 ู‡ูˆ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ. ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ุทูˆุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุดูŠ Zhengli ุตุงู…ุชุฉ ุนู†ู‡. ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง (ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน) ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจู‡ุง. ููŠู…ุง ูŠู„ูŠ ุฑุณู… ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… CoV2 ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงุด ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ (ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ B):


RaTG13 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ RaTG13 (ZXC21 ูˆ ZC45). ุชู… ุนุฒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ( Rhinolophus sinicus ) ููŠ Zhoushan ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015 ( ZXC21 ) ูˆ 2017 ( ZC45 ). ูƒู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนู† RaTG13 (ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ) ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† S. ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู‡ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช:


ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ZXC21 ูˆ ZC45 ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… 23-24 ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ - ููŠ RBM (ุงู†ุธุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฐู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุจุดุฑุทุฉ ุญู…ุฑุงุก).

ุฅุฐู† ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชุช RaTG13ุŸ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2020 ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุดูŠ Zhengli ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุฒู„ุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎูุงููŠุด ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† (ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน Rhinolophus affinis ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ R. sinicus ) ููŠ ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆ 2013 ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ุงู†. ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ 2020 ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุฅุจู„ุงุบ ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุตู ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุดูŠ Zhengli ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุชุดุงุจู‡ู‡ุง ู…ุน CoV2 :
, - - (RdRp) (BatCoV RaTG13), Rhinolophus affinis , 2019-CoV2. ( GISAID EPI_ISL_402131). Simplot , 2019-CoV2 RaTG13 (Fig. 1c), 96,2%.
We then found that a short region of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from a bat coronavirus (BatCoV RaTG13) โ€” which was previously detected in Rhinolophus affinis from Yunnan province โ€” showed high sequence identity to 2019-CoV2. We carried out full-length sequencing on this RNA sample (GISAID accession number EPI_ISL_402131). Simplot analysis showed that 2019-CoV2 was highly similar throughout the genome to RaTG13 (Fig. 1c), with an overall genome sequence identity of 96.2%.
ู„ูŠุณ ุณู…ูŠูƒู‹ุง: ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ "ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุดูุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง" ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. ุงู„ุงุณุชู„ู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู. ุญุชู‰ ุนุงู… 2020 ุŒ ุชู… ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† RdRp ููŠู‡. ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูุŸ ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 2013 ุงู„ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ. ุงูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŸ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง. ููŠ GenBank ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช. ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุธ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ GISAID ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…: ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจูˆูŠุฑ (ู†ุนู… ุŒ ููŠ ูˆุทู† ุดุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจ ุจุงุณุชุง) ุŒ ุชู… ุนุฒู„ ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุณุญุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ:


ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุซุงุฑ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฑุญู„ุงุชูŠ ุญูˆู„ Pabmed ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุซุฑุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณุชูƒุดุงููŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ Puer ููŠ ุตูŠู 2013 :
ุชู… ุงู„ู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุŒ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุŒ ู…ู† ู…ุงูŠูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆ 2013.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Bats were captured from various locations in five counties of four prefectures of Yunnan Province, China, from May to July 2013.

ู„ู… ูŠุฌุฏ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ (ุฃูˆ ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ุงุŸ) ุญุฏุฏุช ู†ูุณ ุนูŠู†ุฉ RaTG13ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุชุณู„ุณู„ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ูู‚ุท ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุนู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง.

ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุดุงุฑูƒ ุดูŠ ุฒูŠู†ุบู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุดุฎุตูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุฏุซุช ุจุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช - ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุฃุฏุงุฆู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู€ TED ููŠ ุนุงู… 2018 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุนุฑุถุช ุตูˆุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช:



ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌู„ุจุช ุดู‡ุฑุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆู„ู‚ุจู‡ุง "Batumen": ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุนุงู… 2013 ููŠ Nature ุŒ ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ุจุงู†ุชุตุงุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช ููŠ ูƒู‡ูˆู ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุฎูุงููŠุด ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช RsSHC014 ูˆ Rs3367 ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒุงู…ู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ -ูƒูˆุจ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 85ูช ูˆ 96ูช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุตุงุฏูุฉ ู…ุถุญูƒุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ูŠูˆู†ู†ุงู† ุŒ ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ CoV2 ุŒ ูˆุชุชุทุงุจู‚ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุงุชู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 96ูช.

ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† -1


ูˆุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 2013 ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆุฏ ููŠุฑูˆ ุŒ ุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุนุฒู„ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุญูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุทุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ Rs3367 (ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV) . ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณู„ู‡ู… WIV1 (ุญูŠุซ WIV ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‹ุง ู„ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช):
ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ุจู„ุบ ุนู† ุฃูˆู„ ุนุฒู„ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุญูŠ SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง Vero E6 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฑููˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุŒ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… 99.9ูช Rs3367 ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ACE2 ุŒ ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฉ ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฃู† WIV1 ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงุณุชูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism.
ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† RaTG13 ู…ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช Rs3367 ูˆ RsSHC014:


ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู…ู† 13 ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ RaTG13-shn ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„. ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ููŠ Rs3367 (ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุงุณู… WIV1) ูˆ RsS0101 ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุชุฎุชู„ู ูู‚ุท ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ RBD (ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡). ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ CoV2 ูˆ RaTG13 (ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุญุชุณุงุจ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠู†):


ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃูŠ ุจุงุญุซ ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู…ุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุงุฑุณ 2019 ุŒ ุฃู† ูŠุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุงุณุชูˆุงุก RBM pangolinium ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ู†ุจู„ุฉ!

ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡. ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ. ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„: ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† RaTG13 ูƒุฃุณุงุณ ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ WIV1 ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŸ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุงุฎุชุจุฑูˆุง ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุน WIV1. ูˆุจุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ู†ูˆุน ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ - ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูุฅู† RaTG13 ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† WIV1: ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุณู†ุงุจู„ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠุฉ - ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุทุงุจู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช WIV1 / Rs3367 ูˆ RsSHC014 13 ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู†. ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุทูุฑุฉ QTQTNS ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ููŠ RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-19 (MP789) ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุต ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงู„ู.

ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰


ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏ ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 2011 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุฑูŠู†ูˆู„ูˆููˆุณ ุฃููŠู†ูŠุณ ุŒ ูˆุจุฏุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ LYRa11 ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…:


ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุนู† RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ู† Rs3367 (ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฒุงู…ู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 96 ูช ู…ุน ุฃูˆู„ SARS-CoV):


ู„ูƒู† RaTG13 ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ู…ู† Rhinolophus affinis ู…ุซู„ LYRa11 ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง (ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ).

ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู†ุงู† (ุชุฏุนู‰ ุจุจุฑุงุนุฉ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† 2011) ุŒ ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2011 ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ูุฑุนูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุงู‚ ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠู„ ุŒ Rhinolophus pusillus ุŒ ุชุดุจู‡ RaTG13 ุญุชู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† LYRa11:


ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุนุฏ Yunnan2011 ูˆ LYRa11 (ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡) ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุŒ ุจุตุฑู ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญููˆุธุฉ ุจุดุฏุฉ S2. ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุน ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุชุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ูŠุตููˆู†ู‡ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุŒ ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุตููˆู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ (Rs3367). ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ู„ ( Ra TG13) ุŒ ุซู… ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ (LY Ra 11). ู‡ู„ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุชุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ TG ุฃูˆ LY ุฃูˆ SHCุŸ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ููƒ ุชุดููŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุŸ

ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฒุฑุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ูˆุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ (GOF).

1999: ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„


ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒ GOF ู…ุน ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ูˆุจุงุก ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2002 ุŒ ูุฃู†ุช ู…ุฎุทุฆ. ุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุฑูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„. ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 1999 ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจูŠุชุฑ ุฑูˆุชูŠูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู„ู†ุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุชุฑุฎุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ "ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ectodomain ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน: ุนุจูˆุฑ ุญุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน":
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ู„ู„ RNA ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ (MHV) ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุดุงุฆูƒ ectodomain ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ectodomain ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุตูุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ. ุงูƒุชุณุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฎูŠู…ุฑูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุŒ fMHV ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู† ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุท ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูุฃุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Using targeted RNA recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (S) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the S protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. The resulting chimeric virus, designated fMHV, acquired the ability to infect feline cells and simultaneously lost the ability to infect murine cells in tissue culture.
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุดูŠ Zhengli ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุชุญุช ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุชุฑ ุฑูˆุชูŠูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุชุฑูŠุฎุช. ููŠ ุนุงู… 2005 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุŒ ุดุงุฑูƒุช ููŠ ุชุฃู„ูŠู ู…ู‚ุงู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ุฃูˆุชุฑูŠุฎุช ูƒู…ู†ุชุณุจ ู„ู‡ุง (ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุดู†ุบู‡ุงูŠ). ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ - ุญูŠุซ ุจุญุซ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุจุชูˆุณูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ:
ูŠุณู…ุญ ุนุฏุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุงูˆุณ ุจุงู„ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุงูˆุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ู…ุถูŠู ู…ูˆุณุน ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุฎู…ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ. ุงูƒุชุณุจ ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŠู† ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ูŠู† ู„ูƒุจุฑูŠุชุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑุงู† ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Only a relatively few mutations in its spike protein allow the murine coronavirus to switch from a murine-restricted tropism to an extended host range by being passaged in vitro. One such virus that we studied had acquired two putative heparan sulfate-binding sites while preserving another site in the furin-cleavage motif.
ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ (SRRAHR | SV) ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠ CoV2 (SPRRAR | SV) ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ููŠ CoV2 ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠู† ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌ (ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‹ุง ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุชุณู„ุณู„ RxxR ):


ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู…ุญุช ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ "ุจุชูˆุณูŠุน ุขูุงู‚ู‡" ู„ู… ุชุญุฏุซ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ( ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ). ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญุฏุซุช ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ:
MHV/pi23 โ€” , 23 600 , MHV/BHK, HS- S1 , MHV/BHK, , HS- . MHV/pi23 , , MHV/BHK. HS- , , , S, HR1 (Fig. 1), . S, .
MHV/pi23, a virus obtained after 23 of the 600 passages that resulted in MHV/BHK, also contains a putative HS-binding site in the S1 domain at the same position as in MHV/BHK, albeit as a smaller insertion, while it lacks the putative HS-binding site immediately upstream of the fusion peptide. MHV/pi23 does infect nonmurine cells to some extent but much less efficiently than MHV/BHK. In addition to the multiple HS-binding sites, however, mutations found in other parts of the S protein, such as the HR1 domain and the putative fusion peptide (Fig. 1), might also contribute to the efficient entry into nonmurine cells. We are currently in the process of determining the S protein mutations that are required for the extended host range phenotype.
ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุŒ ุณุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููˆุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ MERS:
ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ูู‡ู… ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ DPP4 ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ. ุฃุฏู‰ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ DPP4 ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
To better understand the species adaptability of MERS-CoV, we identified a suboptimal species-derived variant of DPP4 to study viral adaption. Passaging virus on cells expressing this DPP4 variant led to accumulation of mutations in the viral spike which increased replication.
ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุญุฏุซุช ุทูุฑุงุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน (ุฌูˆู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง):

(F) ู…ุฎุทุท ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุทูุฑุงุช ู…ูุฑุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน MERS-CoV ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
(ุฒ) ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน MERS-CoV.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
(F) Schematic of single and double mutation emergence in MERS-CoV spike over different passages.
(G) Location of mutations within MERS-CoV spike.
ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ. ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู… 2002 - ู‚ุจู„ ุงู†ุฏู„ุงุน ุฃูˆู„ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV.

ูƒูŠู ุฃุถุงุก ุจุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน


ุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณุทูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ. ุฑุงุฆุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ. ููŠ ุนุงู… 2002 ุŒ ู†ุดุฑ ุนู…ู„ู‹ุง ู…ู…ูŠุฒู‹ุง ูุชุญ ู…ุนู„ู…ุงู‹ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุจุญุซ ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ (GOF). ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุŒ ู‚ุงู…ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ูุฃุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ:
II 59 (MHV-A59). , MHV 31,5 . , MHV-A59 ~ 31,5 ... , , , โ€ฆ , , .
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
A novel method was developed to assemble a full-length infectious cDNA of the group II coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59). Seven contiguous cDNA clones that spanned the 31.5-kb MHV genome were isolated. The ends of the cDNAs were engineered with unique junctions and assembled with only the adjacent cDNA subclones, resulting in an intact MHV-A59 cDNA construct of ?31.5 kb in length. The interconnecting restriction site junctions that are located at the ends of each cDNA are systematically removed during the assembly of the complete full-length cDNA product, allowing reassembly without the introduction of nucleotide changesโ€ฆ The method has the potential to be used to construct viral, microbial, or eukaryotic genomes approaching several million base pairs in length and used to insert restriction sites at any given nucleotide in a microbial genome.

ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ (ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ) ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก 7 ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช cDNA ุŒ ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง "ุจุณู„ุงุณุฉ" (ุฏูˆู† ุชุฑูƒ ุฃูŠ ุขุซุงุฑ) ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจู†ู‚ู„ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ู… โ€‹โ€‹ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠ ุŒ ุซู… ุชุดูƒู„ุช ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰.

ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ 2003


ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ู†ุดุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ุถุฑุจ ูˆุจุงุก ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุถูŠุน ุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช. ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ุตูŠู 2003 ุŒ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ ู„ุทุจุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ SARS-CoV:
, , SARS-CoV Urbani SARS ( SARS-CoV), , . , , โ€ฆ SARS-CoV , .
Using a panel of contiguous cDNAs that span the entire genome, we have assembled a full-length cDNA of the SARS-CoV Urbani strain, and have rescued molecularly cloned SARS viruses (infectious clone SARS-CoV) that contained the expected marker mutations inserted into the component clones. Recombinant viruses replicated as efficiently as WT virus and both were inhibited by treatment with the cysteine proteinase inhibitorโ€ฆ Availability of a SARS-CoV full-length cDNA provides a template for manipulation of the viral genome, allowing for the rapid and rational development and testing of candidate vaccines and therapeutics against this important human pathogen.

ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Barik ุจูู‡ู… ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจู‡ุง ู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุคู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุชุนุฏูŠู„ุงุช ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡. ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2003. ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู‡ู„ ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน.

ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ 2006


ูƒุงู† ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ. ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูุงุฆู‚ุฉ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ู…ุงุฑุณุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2006 ุŒ ูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุณุจุงู† ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ูˆุฎู„ู‚ูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎู‹ุง ู„ู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ( ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุณูˆู… ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ):
Urbani SARS-CoV (BAC). . , Escherichia coli.
โ€ฆ
SARS-CoV E.coli DH10B 200 , ( ). .
The engineering of a full-length infectious cDNA clone and a functional replicon of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Urbani strain as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) is described in this study. In this system, the viral RNA was expressed in the cell nucleus under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter and further amplified in the cytoplasm by the viral replicase. Both the infectious clone and the replicon were fully stable in Escherichia coli.
โ€ฆ
The assembled SARS-CoV infectious cDNA clone was fully stable during its propagation in E. coli DH10B cells for more than 200 generations, considerably facilitating the genetic manipulation of the viral genome (data not shown). The detailed cloning strategy, plasmid maps, and sequences are available upon request.

ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฃู†ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ูˆู† ูŠุถูŠููˆู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก "ุจุณู„ุงุณุฉ". ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุงู‡ุงุช ุŒ ูุฅู† ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุฅุณุจุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง - ููŠ ุนุงู… 2013 ุŒ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ู… ุŒ ุฃู†ุดุฃูˆุง ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎู‹ุง ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† MERS-a ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนุงู… 2015 ุŒ ุชู… ุชุถู…ูŠู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุชู‡ู… โ€‹โ€‹ููŠ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ (ุงู„ูุตู„ 13):


ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† 2007


ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2007. ุซู… ุงู†ุถู…ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุงู‚ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุŒ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน:
ุชู… ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠู…ุฑูŠุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุณู„ุงุณู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณูƒุณ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† SL-CoV.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
A series of S chimeras was constructed by inserting different sequences of the SARS-CoV S into the SL-CoV S backbone.
ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฎูุงุด. ู‡ู†ุง ุงุณุชู†ุชุงุฌู‡ู…:
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† 310 ุฅู„ู‰ 518 ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ BJ01 ูƒุงู†ุช ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ Rp3 ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ ACE2 ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
From these results, it was deduced that the region from aa 310 to 518 of BJ01-S was necessary and sufficient to convert Rp3-S into a huACE2-binding molecule.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ RBM ูู‚ุท:
ู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ RBM ู…ู† SARS-CoV ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ SL-CoV ุŒ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู† 424 ุฅู„ู‰ 494 ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ BJ01 ู„ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† Rp3 ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ ุฎูŠุงู„ูŠ (CS) ุŒ ุชู… ุชุนูŠูŠู†ู‡ ุจุงุณู… CS424 โ€“494.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
For introduction of the RBM of SARS-CoV S into the SL-CoV S, the coding region from aa 424 to 494 of BJ01-S was used to replace the corresponding regions of Rp3-S, resulting in a chimeric S (CS) gene designated CS424โ€“494.
ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2007 ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุญุชู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ RBM ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุขุฎุฑ.

ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… 2015


ููŠ ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌุชู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงุจุชูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠุฑูˆุณู‹ุง ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠู‹ุง ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠู‹ุง:
SARS-CoV, , SHC014 SARS-CoV. , 2b, SHC014 , SARS (ACE2), in vitro, SARS-CoV. , in vivo . ; , CoV . SHC014 in vitro, in vivo.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein. On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo.
ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ: ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู‹ุง ุดุจูŠู‡ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ู† RsSHC014 ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนุฒู„ู‡ ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎูุงููŠุด ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 2011 ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุŒ ุชู… ุชูƒูŠูŠูู‡ ุฎุตูŠุตู‹ุง ู„ู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฒุงุญูุฉ ุŒ ู„ู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุญู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู†. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุชู… ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ู…ุงุฑุณู†ุง ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ุณุชู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ RsSHC014 - ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ู… ู„ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ:

(ุฃ) ู…ุฎุทุท ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠ SHC014-CoV ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† cDNA (ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง SHC014A ูˆ SHC014B ูˆ SHC014C ูˆ SHC014D ูˆ SHC014E ูˆ SHC014F) ูŠุญูŠุท ุจู‡ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ BglI ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏ ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน DNA ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ 1aุŒ 1bุŒ spikeุŒ 3ุŒ envelopeุŒ matrixุŒ 6-8 and nucleocapsid). ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุฎุท ู‡ูŠ ู†ุชุงุฌุงุช ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ุชุดูƒู„ุช ุจุนุฏ ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู….
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
(a) Schematic of the SHC014-CoV molecular clone, which was synthesized as six contiguous cDNAs (designated SHC014A, SHC014B, SHC014C, SHC014D, SHC014E and SHC014F) flanked by unique BglI sites that allowed for directed assembly of the full-length cDNA expressing open reading frames (for 1a, 1b, spike, 3, envelope, matrix, 6โ€“8 and nucleocapsid). Underlined nucleotides represent the overhang sequences formed after restriction enzyme cleavage.
ูˆุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ - ู„ุฃู† ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ SHC014-MA15 ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุถุฑุงูˆุฉ ู…ู† SHC014 ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ:
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู…ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ-MA15 ูˆุฅุถุนุงู SHC014-CoV ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุงุช [ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ุธู‡ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ] ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ- CoV Urbani ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ ACE2 ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ - ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูˆุงูุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุงุก ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุถูŠู - ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุงูˆุฉ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Notably, differential tropism in the lung as compared to that with SARS-MA15 and attenuation of full-length SHC014-CoV in [human epithelial airway cell] cultures relative to SARS-CoV Urbani suggest that factors beyond ACE2 binding โ€” including spike processivity, receptor bio-availability or antagonism of the host immune responses โ€” may contribute to emergence.
ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒุชุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุฃู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ (ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู†) ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุนุฉ.

ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุชุงู… ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุดูŠ Zhengli. ุชู… ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ููŠ ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2018:



ูุฃุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ 2007


ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู†ูˆุน "ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุงูˆุณ MA15" ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ุณุงุจู‚. ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูุฃุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุก. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2007 ุŒ ุชุญูˆู„ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ู†ูุณู‡ุง - ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุดูŠ ุฒูŠู†ุบู„ูŠ (ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2007) - ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุชู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ . ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ "ุจุชุญุณูŠู†" ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ุจุนุฏ "ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑุงุช" "ูุนุงู„ุฉ" ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุญุฏ ุŒ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุดุฃุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุŒ ูˆุชุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒุงุฏ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰:
SARS-CoV ( Urbani) BALB/c. (MA15), . , , , . , . , , 15, , . MA15 , ; SARS-CoV (rMA15), MA15. 15 , SARS .
We adapted the SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) by serial passage in the respiratory tract of young BALB/c mice. Fifteen passages resulted in a virus (MA15) that is lethal for mice following intranasal inoculation. Lethality is preceded by rapid and high titer viral replication in lungs, viremia, and dissemination of virus to extrapulmonary sites accompanied by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs. Abundant viral antigen is extensively distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar pneumocytes, and necrotic cellular debris is present in airways and alveoli, with only mild and focal pneumonitis. These observations suggest that mice infected with MA15 die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes and ciliated epithelial cells. The MA15 virus has six coding mutations associated with adaptation and increased virulence; when introduced into a recombinant SARS-CoV, these mutations result in a highly virulent and lethal virus (rMA15), duplicating the phenotype of the biologically derived MA15 virus. Intranasal inoculation with MA15 reproduces many aspects of disease seen in severe human cases of SARS.

-2008


ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุชู†ุงูุณ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุดูŠ Zhengli. ุจุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ู…ุน ุฒุฑุน RBD ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ุŒ ุฃู†ุดุฃุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ู…ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด. ููŠ ุนุงู… 2008 ุŒ ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ Bat-SCoV ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ุช ุจู€ RBD ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ุน RBD ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ. ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูƒุฑุฑุช ุนู…ู„ ุดูŠ Zhengli ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2007 ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู‚ุชุตุฑุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุฒุงุฆูุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ู‚ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ - ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ุซู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนุงู… 2015 ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ูุฎูˆุฑูˆู† ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุจุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุงุชู‡ู…:
, 29,7 โ€” (Bat-SCoV), (SARS), SARS-CoV.
โ€ฆ
, RBDs Bat-SCoV SARS-CoV , RBD Bat-SCoV ( 323โ€“505) RBD SARS-CoV ( 319โ€“518) (27, 28) (GenBank FJ211860), , in vivo (Fig. 1B).
Here, we report the design, synthesis, and recovery of the largest synthetic replicating life form, a 29.7-kb bat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (Bat-SCoV), a likely progenitor to the SARS-CoV epidemic.
โ€ฆ
To test whether the RBDs of Bat-SCoV and SARS-CoV were interchangeable, we replaced the Bat-SCoV RBD (amino acid 323โ€“505) with the SARS-CoV RBD (amino acid 319โ€“518) (27, 28) (GenBank accession no. FJ211860), simulating a theoretical recombination event that might occur during mixed infection in vivo (Fig. 1B).
(B) , SARS-CoV Bat-SCoV. . Bat-SRBD Bat-SCoV, , RBD Bat-SCoV ( Bat-SCoV 323โ€“505) RBD SARS-CoV ( 319โ€“518) ( GenBank FJ211860 ). Bat-SRBD-MA RBD MA15 SARS-CoV Y436H. Bat-SRBM 13 SARS-CoV, ACE2, RBD 323I-429T Bat-SCoV 426R-518D SARS-CoV. Bat-Hinge Bat-SRBM, Bat-SCoV 392L-397E SARS-CoV 388V-393D. Bat-F 1โ€“24057 SARS-CoV ( 855 ) 3'- Bat-SCoV. 1- (P1). ND , .
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
(B) Schematic representation showing organization of the SARS-CoV and Bat-SCoV Spike proteins. The engineered Spike proteins are pictured below with the virus name to the left. Bat-SRBD includes all of the Bat-SCoV Spike sequence except that the Bat-SCoV RBD (Bat-SCoV amino acid 323โ€“505) is replaced with the SARS-CoV RBD (amino acid 319โ€“518) (GenBank accession no. FJ211860). Bat-SRBD-MA includes the MA15 Spike RBD change at SARS-CoV aa Y436H. Bat-SRBM includes the minimal 13 SARS-CoV residues critical for ACE2 contact, resulting in a chimeric RBD of Bat-SCoV amino acid 323I-429T and SARS-CoV amino acid 426R-518D. Bat-Hinge is Bat-SRBM sequence, with Bat-SCoV amino acid 392L-397E replaced with SARS-CoV amino acid 388V-393D. Bat-F includes nt 1โ€“24057 of SARS-CoV (to Spike amino acid 855), with the remaining 3? sequence from Bat-SCoV. To the right of the schematic representations, observation of transcript activity and approximate stock titers at passage 1 (P1) are indicated. ND indicates no infectious virus detected by plaque assay.

ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ 2016


ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2016 ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุฑุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ุน ุดูŠ ุชุดุฒู†ู„ูŠ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2015 ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฎูŠู…ุฑูŠ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุถุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุดูˆูƒูŠ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุณู‡ูŠู†ูˆุงุฏุงุจุชูŠุฑูˆูุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† RsSCH014 ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠ ุชุดูŠุฒู†ู„ูŠ ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ - 336 ุฑูˆุจูŠุฉ. ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ WIV1 ุŒ ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ Rs3367 ู†ู…ุช ููŠ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ููŠ ุนุงู… 2013. ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ููŠ 2016:
SARS-CoV (7), WIV1-CoV, , , , (. S1A). WIV1-CoV, SARS WIV1 (WIV1-MA15, . S1B). โ€ฆ Vero SARS-CoV Urbani, WIV1-MA15 WIV1-CoV.
Using the SARS-CoV infectious clone as a template (7), we designed and synthesized a full-length infectious clone of WIV1-CoV consisting of six plasmids that could be enzymatically cut, ligated together, and electroporated into cells to rescue replication competent progeny virions (Fig. S1A). In addition to the full-length clone, we also produced WIV1-CoV chimeric virus that replaced the SARS spike with the WIV1 spike within the mouse-adapted backbone (WIV1-MA15, Fig. S1B). โ€ฆ To confirm growth kinetics and replication, Vero cells were infected with SARS-CoV Urbani, WIV1-MA15, and WIV1-CoV.

ุฃูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2016 ุŒ ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุชู‡ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2015. ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ: ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ WIV1 / Rs3367 ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ุชุฒุงู…ู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ 96 ูช ู…ุน SARS-CoV (ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠ Zhengli ุงูƒุชุณุจ ุดู‡ุฑุฉ). ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุณุจุงูƒ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู‡ ููŠ SARS-CoV. ุฑุจู…ุง ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุญุจ ุงู„ูู†. ููŠ ุถูˆุก ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠูƒุชุณุจ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ุชู‡ ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ: "WIV1-CoV ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ" . ู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุง ุŒ ูŠุชุจุงุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ:


ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ู„ุง ุฃูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุชู…ูƒู† ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015 ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑุงุกุฉ ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก "ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุงูŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุฑูŠุฉ" ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุดูŠ ุฒูŠู†ุฌู„ูŠ ู†ุดุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2015.

ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ 1990


ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ. ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ูˆู‚ูู‘ุชู‹ุง ู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุฎุฑุทู‹ุง ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู„ูุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ูˆุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ. ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุนู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก "ุทูุฑุงุช ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ" ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 1990:
ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุŒ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ูุฃุฑูŠ A59 (MHV-A59). ุชู… ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎู‡ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุฎุท ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑู… ู†ุฌู…ูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ (DBT).
...
ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ุทุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณูˆุฎ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุชู„ู‚ูŠุญ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุน ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุงูุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 10.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
The A59 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) was used throughout the course of this study. Virus was propagated and cloned three times in the continuous murine astrocytoma cell line (DBT).
โ€ฆ
Various combinations of ts mutants were mixed and inoculated onto cells at a multiplicity of infection of 10 each.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 30 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง.

ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ 2019


ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ุง ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ. ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2019 ุŒ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ ู„ู„ู†ุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ "ุญุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดุฃ" ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ:
ู…ุนู‹ุง ุŒ ุชูุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃู† ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุญุงุฌุฒู‹ุง ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู‹ุง ุฃู…ุงู… ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠุฑูˆ ุจููŠุฑูˆุณ HKU5-CoV. ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏูˆุฏ S1 / S2 ูˆ S2 ูˆู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ุณูŠุณุชูŠู† ููŠ MERS ูˆ PDF 2180 ูˆ HKU5 ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน (ุงู„ุดูƒู„ 6 ุฏ) (26). ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน S1 / S2 ุŒ ุชุญุชูุธ MERS ูˆุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ูˆ HKU5 ุจู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… RXXR ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูุนุงู„ูŠุชู‡. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ุณู„ S2 'ุŒ ุชุญุชูุธ MERS ูˆ HKU5 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฒุฎุฑูุฉ RXXR ุ› ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ (SNAR) ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู…ูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู….
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Together, these results demonstrate that protease cleavage is also the primary barrier to infection of Vero cells with HKU5-CoV. Examining further, we compared the predicted cleavage at S1/S2 border, S2โ€™, and the endosomal cysteine protease site across MERS, PDF2180, and HKU5 spikes (Fig. 6D) (26). For the S1/S2 site, MERS, Uganda, and HKU5 maintain the RXXR cleavage motif, although the different interior amino acids may alter efficiency. For the S2โ€™ sequence, MERS and HKU5 also retain the RXXR motif; however, the Uganda spike lacks the first arginine (SNAR), potentially impacting cleavage.
ูˆุฅุฏุฑุงูƒุง ู„ู„ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุชู†ุงูุณูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ุŒ ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงู… ุดุฎุต ููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู… 2019 ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุจุญุซ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุŸ

ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ: "ุงู„ุฑูุถ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุชู…ุฑ"


ูŠุณุฃู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ู† ุณู…ุนูˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุณุคุงู„ุงู‹ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุงู‹: "ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฌุญูŠู…ุŸ" ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ุฎูŠู…ูŠุฑูŠุฉุŸ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุงู‹: ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงุฆูŠุฉ (ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ) ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠู…ูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ูˆูู‡ู… ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ุง. ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2015:
, (GOF). (Fig. 4a, b) , SHC014-MA15, , . SHC014-MA15 SARS-CoV, , CoV Urbani MA15, , . , Urbani-MA15 CoV, SHC014-MA15 (. 1). , , , . , . GOF; . , , , .
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
In addition to offering preparation against future emerging viruses, this approach must be considered in the context of the US governmentโ€“mandated pause on gain-of-function (GOF) studies. On the basis of previous models of emergence (Fig. 4a,b), the creation of chimeric viruses such as SHC014-MA15 was not expected to increase pathogenicity. Although SHC014-MA15 is attenuated relative to its parental mouse-adapted SARS-CoV, similar studies examining the pathogenicity of CoVs with the wild-type Urbani spike within the MA15 backbone showed no weight loss in mice and reduced viral replication. Thus, relative to the Urbani spikeโ€“MA15 CoV, SHC014-MA15 shows a gain in pathogenesis (Fig. 1). On the basis of these findings, scientific review panels may deem similar studies building chimeric viruses based on circulating strains too risky to pursue, as increased pathogenicity in mammalian models cannot be excluded. Coupled with restrictions on mouse-adapted strains and the development of monoclonal antibodies using escape mutants, research into CoV emergence and therapeutic efficacy may be severely limited moving forward. Together, these data and restrictions represent a crossroads of GOF research concerns; the potential to prepare for and mitigate future outbreaks must be weighed against the risk of creating more dangerous pathogens. In developing policies moving forward, it is important to consider the value of the data generated by these studies and whether these types of chimeric virus studies warrant further investigation versus the inherent risks involved.
ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉุŸ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู… 2014 ุŒ ูุฑุถุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆู‚ูุงู‹ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุฅู„ุบุงุคู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ (ููŠ ุนุงู… 2017) . ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ูุฑุถ ุฃูŠ ุญุธุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุŒ ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุŒ ูุชุญูˆุง "ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ูุงุฆู‚ุฉ (ุจุฏูˆู†) ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ" ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ BSL-4 ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ููŠ 2017 ููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† :


ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ ุณุฃูˆุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุนุงู… 2017 ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช BSL-3 ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ. ููŠู…ุง ูŠู„ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† BSL-4:
โ€” , , BSL-4, . ; , . ยซ ยป.
โ€ฆ
. BSL-4 ; , , , .

, , BSL-4 โ€” , , โ€” . ยซ , , ยป, โ€” .

BSL-4 . , , , , . , , .

ยซ ยป, โ€” . , : ยซ , , ยป.

ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุชุฑูŠูุงู† ุฅู† ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ BSL-4 ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ. ูŠู‚ูˆู„: "ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู…ุฒ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุŒ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู… ู„ุง."
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Future plans include studying the pathogen that causes SARS, which also doesnโ€™t require a BSL-4 lab, before moving on to Ebola and the West African Lassa virus, which do. Some one million Chinese people work in Africa; the country needs to be ready for any eventuality, says Yuan. โ€œViruses donโ€™t know borders.โ€
โ€ฆ
The plan to expand into a network heightens such concerns. One BSL-4 lab in Harbin is already awaiting accreditation; the next two are expected to be in Beijing and Kunming, the latter focused on using monkey models to study disease.
Lina says that Chinaโ€™s size justifies this scale, and that the opportunity to combine BSL-4 research with an abundance of research monkeys โ€” Chinese researchers face less red tape than those in the West when it comes to research on primates โ€” could be powerful. โ€œIf you want to test vaccines or antivirals, you need a non-human primate model,โ€ says Lina.
But Ebright is not convinced of the need for more than one BSL-4 lab in mainland China. He suspects that the expansion there is a reaction to the networks in the United States and Europe, which he says are also unwarranted. He adds that governments will assume that such excess capacity is for the potential development of bioweapons.
โ€œThese facilities are inherently dual use,โ€ he says. The prospect of ramping up opportunities to inject monkeys with pathogens also worries, rather than excites, him: โ€œThey can run, they can scratch, they can bite.โ€
Trevan says Chinaโ€™s investment in a BSL-4 lab may, above all, be a way to prove to the world that the nation is competitive. โ€œIt is a big status symbol in biology,โ€ he says, โ€œwhether itโ€™s a need or not.โ€
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฎุทุทูˆุง ู„ูุชุญ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ BSL-4 ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ู…ูŠู†ุบ ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุงุช. ูƒูˆู†ู…ูŠู†ุบ ุŒ ุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุตู…ุฉ ูŠูˆู†ุงู†. ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠ Zhengli ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุฐุงุชู‡ุง Rs3367 ูˆ RsSHC014. ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ุชู… ุฐูƒุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุจู‚ูŠุฉ ูƒุฎุทูˆุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุถุฏ ุชูุดูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ "ููŠ ู†ูุณ" (ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุฐู„ูƒุŸ) ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ูˆุดูŠ Zhengli:
ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู„ุฒู… ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ุงุช ู…ุณุจุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุณุฉ ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูˆุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ. ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆุงุดู ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ 2 ุจ ุŒ ู…ุซู„ SHC014 ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑูˆุน ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุนู… ุชุฌู…ุนุงุช ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
However, further testing in nonhuman primates is required to translate these finding into pathogenic potential in humans. Importantly, the failure of available therapeutics defines a critical need for further study and for the development of treatments. With this knowledge, surveillance programs, diagnostic reagents and effective treatments can be produced that are protective against the emergence of group 2bโ€“specific CoVs, such as SHC014, and these can be applied to other CoV branches that maintain similarly heterogeneous pools.
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2019 ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก ูˆุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏู… ูˆุณุงู‚.

ุญูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุจุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุฏู‡ุง ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุชู†ูˆูŠุฑ ...


ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ. ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุก ุŒ ุณุฃู‚ุฏู… ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุฒุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุณุฑูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ู„ุฃู† ุจุฑุงุนู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุญุฏุซุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ. ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุก ุŒ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV: ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฑุจ ููŠ ุตูŠู 2003 ููŠ ุณู†ุบุงููˆุฑุฉ ุŒ ุซู… ููŠ ุฏูŠุณู…ุจุฑ 2003 ููŠ ุชุงูŠูˆุงู† ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฑุจูŠุน 2004 ุณุงูุฑ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูƒูŠู†.

ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฒุนุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅุตุงุจุงุช. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุŒ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุŒ ูˆููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ BSL-4 ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ููŠ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฒููŠุฉ ุงู„ูู†ุฒูˆูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ :
ุนู…ู„ ุนุงู„ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฑูŠูŠุณ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูŠุดุชุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ููŠ ู†ูˆูู…ุจุฑ.
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ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุฌุงู„ูุณุชูˆู† ุจูŠูˆู„ุงุจูˆุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุตุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฏุฑุณ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ BSL-4 ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ. ุชุดุชู…ู„ ู…ูˆุงุฏ BSL-4 ุนู„ู‰ ุบูˆุงู†ุงุฑูŠุชูˆ ูˆุฅูŠุจูˆู„ุง ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏุฑูŠ.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Only one scientist worked with the virus, and Reyes said the lab suspects that scientist accidentally threw the vial away in November.
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Galveston biolab requires the most stringent safety measures because it studies biosafetly level BSL-4 materials, or dangerous infectious diseases that have no vaccines or cures. BSL-4 materials include Guanarito, Ebola and smallpox.
ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูŠุนุฑู ุชุณุฑูŠุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚ . ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ "ุฅุญูŠุงุก" ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฅู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง H1N1 ููŠ ุนุงู… 1977 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠูุนุชู‚ุฏ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชูู‰. ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠุฑูˆุณ "ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุจุงู†ูŠุฉ" ู†ูุณู‡ุง:
H1N1 1918 , ( 1947 ), 1957 ยซยป H2N2, . H1N1, -, , 20 . 1969 H3N2 H2N2 .

1977 . H1N1 , 1978 . , 1977 . H1N1 - , , . , , , H1N1 1977 H1N1, 1949โ€“1950 , , .
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2009โ€“2010 . , H1N1 1977 : ยซ โ€” A H1N1, 1977 ยป.
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, 1977 . H1N1, , ยซ ยป (Kung 1978). , , , 1970- ( ) . .

, , 1977โ€“78 . - , , -, H1N1 1978 . H1N1, , . 1976โ€“77 20 H1N1 1957, . 1977 , .
Human influenza H1N1 viruses appeared with the 1918 pandemic, and persisted, slowing accumulating small changes in its genome (with a major change in 1947), until the H2N2 โ€œAsianโ€ flu appeared in 1957, causing a worldwide pandemic. H1N1 influenza virus then apparently became extinct, and was not isolated for 20 years. In 1969 the โ€œHong Kongโ€ H3N2 virus replaced the H2N2 virus, and is still circulating.
In September 1977 an H1N1 influenza virus was isolated from human infections in the Far East region of the Soviet Union, and in early 1978 the Chinese reported they had isolated H1N1 virus in May of 1977 in northeast China adjacent to the Soviet outbreak. Using the early genetic tools available at the time, the 1977 H1N1 virus was found to be closely related to H1N1 human influenza viruses circulating in 1949โ€“1950, but not to those circulating earlier or later.
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Only since 2009โ€“2010 did major papers begin to state directly the 1977 emergence of H1N1 influenza was a laboratory related release: โ€œThe most famous case of a released laboratory strain is the re-emergent H1N1 influenza A virus which was first observed in China in May of 1977 and in Russia shortly thereafter.โ€
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The speculation that the 1977 release may have been related to H1N1 vaccine research is supported by the observation that in the initial outbreaks in China, nine of the ten viral isolates expressed โ€œtemperature sensitivityโ€ (Kung 1978). Temperature sensitivity normally an uncommon trait, but one that was in the 1970s (and still is) a fundamental trait for making live attenuated influenza vaccines. Temperature sensitivity generally occurs only after a series of substantial laboratory manipulations and selections.
Interestingly, further investigation indicated the circulating strains in 1977โ€“78 were often comprised of mixed temperature-sensitive and normal components, and that temperature sensitivity apparently disappeared from the post-1978 H1N1 lineage rapidly. Escape of a mid-protocol population of H1N1 virus undergoing laboratory selection for temperature sensitive mutants would provide such a mixed population. In 1976โ€“77 laboratory personnel in their late teens or early 20s would not have been exposed to pre-1957 H1N1 influenza viruses, and been susceptible to laboratory infections. The low severity of the 1977 pandemic might be in part due to the temperature sensitivity of the virus, a trait that limits virus replication in pulmonary tissues.
ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช "ู…ุฎููุฉ" ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†. ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1990 ุŒ ุฌุฑุจ Barik ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ.

ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ูŠุณุจุจ ุฌุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2019ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ - ู…ู† ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู„ู‚ุงุญ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑูŠ ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู†. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ุงู„ุทู…ูˆุญูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† "ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุฉ" - ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆู†ู‚ู„ RBM ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ (ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†) ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ (ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด) ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุคูƒุฏ ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุงูˆุฉ ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎูŠู…ุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุŒ ู„ู†ุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ุงุฆู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู‡ูˆู ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุฑุทุจุฉ. ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุถุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุŒ ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุดุฑูู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุชุฑุงู…ู‹ุง ู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุงุญุซ.

ู‡ู„ ุฃุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ุง. ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ. ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุฏูุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ - ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฃู† ุชูุดูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุญุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูˆู…ุชุฑุงุช ู…ู† ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช. ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃูˆู„ 4 ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ . ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุจู‡ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ู…ุน ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตุฏู ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏู„ูŠู„ุง.

ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏูุงุช ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู†ุดุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ. ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุนุฏ ูƒูŠู ุจุงู„ุถุจุท - ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ุชู„ุชู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ (ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุณู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ) ุŒ ูˆููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุŒ ู…ู†ุฐ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ (ูˆุฅู„ุง ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุจุคุฑู‹ุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† Covid ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู†). ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุจูŠุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุณูˆู‚ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุŒ ูˆุนู…ูˆู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู„ุบุฒู‹ุง ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุญู„ู‡.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ุจุงุก ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2018 ุŒ ู‚ุงู… ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุจุชูุชูŠุด ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุŒ ุจู„ ูˆุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ู…ุน ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ. ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ "ุฌูˆู„ุชู‡ู…" ุจุฑู‚ูŠุชูŠู† ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู† ุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุถุนู ููŠ ุถู…ุงู† ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ:
ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ Telegram ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุฏู‚ ู†ุงู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ WIV ุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงุด. ุฏุนุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆ ุงู„ุณูุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูˆุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุฏุนู… ุฅุถุงููŠ.
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ยซ WIV , , ยป, โ€” 19 2018 , , , WIV. ( .)
ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูˆู† ููŠ WIV ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฌุงู„ูุณุชูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ูˆู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุทู„ุจูˆุง ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ. ูŠู‚ูˆู„ Telegrams ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุนู… ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุฌุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ู… ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงุด ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
Sources familiar with the cables said they were meant to sound an alarm about the grave safety concerns at the WIV lab, especially regarding its work with bat coronaviruses. The embassy officials were calling for more U.S. attention to this lab and more support for it, to help it fix its problems.
โ€ฆ
โ€œDuring interactions with scientists at the WIV laboratory, they noted the new lab has a serious shortage of appropriately trained technicians and investigators needed to safely operate this high-containment laboratory,โ€ states the Jan. 19, 2018, cable, which was drafted by two officials from the embassyโ€™s environment, science and health sections who met with the WIV scientists. (The State Department declined to comment on this and other details of the story.)
The Chinese researchers at WIV were receiving assistance from the Galveston National Laboratory at the University of Texas Medical Branch and other U.S. organizations, but the Chinese requested additional help. The cables argued that the United States should give the Wuhan lab further support, mainly because its research on bat coronaviruses was important but also dangerous.
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุญูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ููŠ ุฌุงู„ูุณุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏุช ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุน ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ูู†ุฒูˆูŠู„ูŠ ุŒ ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† . ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุณุงุนุฏุช ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตูˆู† ููŠ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† ุชุฏุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุชุจู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุดุฑุฉ ูˆูˆู‡ุงู† (ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู… ุญุฐู ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู…ุชุงุญู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุฑุดูŠู ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ):


ุงู„ู„ู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠุฉ: ููŠ ู†ูˆูู…ุจุฑ 2019 ุŒ ุญุฏุซ ุชูุดูŠ ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุงุช (ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ) ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุจุญุซูŠูŠู† ููŠ ู„ุงู†ุชุดูˆ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 100 ุจุงุญุซ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.

ุขุซุงุฑ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†


ุซู… ุงุชุฑูƒ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆุญุฏู‡ู… ูˆุฃุฏุฑ ุฃุนูŠู†ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู†ูุณู‡. ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุจุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ู‰ "ุตุฑูŠุญ". ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠ ุทูุฑุงุช ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ. ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ุช ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ CoV2 ู„ู… ุชูƒู† "PRRA" ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† "MADEINWVHANPRRA" ุŒ ูุณุชุธู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑุตุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‡ุง. ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃูŠ ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงููŠุง ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃุตู„ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฏุน ู…ุฌุงู„ุง ู„ู„ุดูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ .

ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ "ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ". ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุนู† ุนู…ุฏ ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุทูุฑุงุช ู…ุชุฑุงุฏูุฉ ููŠ ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุณู„ุงู„ุชู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒุดู ุฎุงู„ู‚ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุนู† ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ.

ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ ุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุนูˆู† ุฅุฎูุงุก ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ู…. ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุก ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ (ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจ ุจููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠ ุชุชู… ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…) ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู…ู†ุดุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ู„ุฎูŠุงุทุฉ ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู‚ุทุน ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชุนุณููŠุฉ (Crisper ู„ุง ูŠุญุณุจ) ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูู‚ุท ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชุฒุงู…ู† ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช (ุนุงุฏุฉ 4-6 "ุฃุญุฑู") ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฑู ุจู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูŠูƒุณุฑ ุณู„ุงุณู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏ . ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠุนู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู„ู€ CoV2.

ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุก - ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Barik ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2008 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง Bat-SCoV ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ูˆุง RBD ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจู€ RBD ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ. ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ูƒูŠู ูŠุตููˆู† ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ู…:

SARS-CoV Bat-SCoV.
(A) SARS-CoV Bat-SCoV ( GenBank FJ211859) . () nsp ORF1ab ( , - ; , nsp5 [3C- ]). , , A F. , Bat-SCoV, SARS-CoV, , Bat-SCoV 2 , Bat-E1 Bat-E2, SARS-E.
Schematic representation of SARS-CoV and Bat-SCoV variants.
(A) Schematic representation of SARS-CoV and Bat-SCoV (GenBank accession no. FJ211859) genomes and reverse genetics system. (Top) Arrowheads indicate nsp processing sites within the ORF1ab polyprotein (open arrowheads, papain-like proteinase mediated; filled arrowheads, nsp5 [3C-like proteinase] mediated). Immediately below are the fragments used in the reverse genetics system, labeled A through F. The fragments synthesized to generate Bat-SCoV exactly recapitulate the fragment junctions of SARS-CoV with the exception that the Bat-SCoV has 2 fragments, Bat-E1 and Bat-E2, which correspond to the SARS-E fragment.
ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุŒ ุฃู†ุดุฃุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Barik ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎู‹ุง ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุงุด Bat-SCoV ุŒ ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "ุฃู†ู…ุงุท" ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ SARS-CoV ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃูˆู‡ ู…ุณุจู‚ู‹ุง. ุฃูŠ ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู…ุน ู†ูุณ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู€ SARS-CoV ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุชุจุฏูŠู„ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุจูŠู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‚ุทุน Lego. ููŠู…ุง ูŠู„ูŠ ูˆุตู ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ุฎูŠู…ูŠุฑูŠุฉ:
, - , SARS-CoV (24, 33, 53) . , Bat-F A-E SARS-CoV F Bat-SCoV, Bgl-NotI. Bat-SCoV Bat-SRBD, Bat-SRBM Bat-Hinge , 7 Bat-SCoV, BglI Bat-A, Bat-B, Bat-C Bat -D, BglI AflII Bat-E1 Bat-E2 BglI NotI Bat-F. , . m7Message mMachine (Ambion), Vero (24, 53).
Viruses containing PCR-generated insertions within the viral coding sequence were produced by using the SARS-CoV assembly strategy (24, 33, 53) with the following modifications. Briefly, for Bat-F virus, full-length cDNA was constructed by ligating restriction products from SARS-CoV fragments Aโ€“E and Bat-SCoV fragment F, which required a BglI-NotI digestion. For Bat-SCoV and Bat-SRBD, Bat-SRBM, and Bat-Hinge, plasmids containing the 7 cDNA fragments of the Bat-SCoV genome were digested by using BglI for Bat-A, Bat-B, Bat-C, and Bat-D, BglI and AflII for Bat-E1 and Bat-E2, and BglI and NotI for Bat-F. Digested, gel-purified fragments were simultaneously ligated together. Transcription was driven by using a T7 mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion), and RNA was electroporated into Vero cells (24, 53).
ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุญุฑู (BglI ุŒ AflII ุŒ NotI ุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ) ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… (ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ) ู„ู„ุฎูŠู…ุฑุง ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ:


ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุจูŠู† ุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฎูŠู…ุฑุง ู…ุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ Bat-SCoV ุฃูˆ SARS ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง. ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุดุงุจูƒ ู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุฌุฉ. ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ (5'-) ู„ู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„:


ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† Bat-SCoV ูˆ SARS ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ (ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠุฉ) ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุŒ ุงุฎุชูู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน SspI ู…ู† ุณุงุฑุฒ. ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ (3'-) ู„ู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„:


ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุจู‚ูŠุช ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท ุŒ ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ุญุชู‰ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ EcoR II. ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ุฑูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุนุจ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุŒ ูู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุชุณู„ู„ุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูƒูˆูƒ ุŒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ . ุฑุจู…ุง ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ - ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ุณุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ุจุฃูŠ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง.

ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ุจู„ุฉ ููŠ RaTG13 ูˆ CoV2 ูˆ pangolin-19. ูุฌุฃุฉ ุŒ ุณูŠู‚ูุฒ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ูุฒ!

ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ RBD (ู…ุธู„ู„ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุงู„ูุงุชุญ) ูˆ RBM (ุฃุตูุฑ) ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ:


ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ูˆู‚ุน EcoR I ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงูุฉ 5'ู…ู† RBM ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ (ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑุงุก) - ู…ุฑูŠุญ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุง ู…ุฏู‰ ุดูŠูˆุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ููŠ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฃู† ุซุงู„ูˆุซู†ุง ุฃุจุทุงู„ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุŒ ููŠ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 5 ูู‚ุท ู…ู†ู‡ุง:


ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ RBD ุŒ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฒุงุช CoV2 ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุธู„ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก - ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุทูุฑุงุช ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ (ูŠุชู… ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุช ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰). ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ ุณู„ุทุช ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ: ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุช ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก ูˆู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุŒ ูŠู‚ุน ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠู† RBM CoV2 ูˆ pangolin-19.

ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ PRRA ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ CoV2:


ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ุธู‡ุฑุช ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ (ู…ุธู„ู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚) ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ. ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ูˆู‚ุน FurinุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ุจู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฏู…ุฌู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุณู„ุงุณุฉ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน. ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ู‚ุงู… Barik ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2002 ุจุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง ุงู„ูุฃุฑูŠ:
ุชุชู… ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุงุช ู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช ูƒู„ cDNA ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู†ุชุฌ cDNA ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุฏูˆู† ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
The interconnecting restriction site junctions that are located at the ends of each cDNA are systematically removed during the assembly of the complete full-length cDNA product, allowing reassembly without the introduction of nucleotide changes.
ูˆููŠ ุนุงู… 2003 ูƒุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ:
ู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุŒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฒุงุช ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ูุฆุฉ IIS ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ู‚ุทุนู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ูˆุชุฑูƒ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ุฉ. ุชูˆู„ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุฑุงูƒู…ู‹ุง ูุฑูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ุญุฏุฏู‹ุง ูŠูˆูุฑ ุฑุจุทู‹ุง ุณู„ุณู‹ุง ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† cDNA ู…ุน ูู‚ุฏุงู† ู„ุงุญู‚ ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ .
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
To rapidly assemble consensus clones, we used class IIS restriction endonucleases that cut at asymmetric sites and leave asymmetric ends. These enzymes generate strand-specific unique overhangs that allow the seamless ligation of two cDNAs with the concomitant loss of the restriction site.
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฐุฉ ุจุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุคุชู…ุชุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆุชู… ุจุซู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุตูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2019 ุญูˆู„ ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูุฑูŠู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏุฌุงุฌ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุงู† ู„ูˆุตูู‡:
2.2. ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ุคุชู„ู ุชู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู„ู rYN-S2 / RRKR ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุณุจุงูŠูƒ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin S2 'ุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ู‚ูŠุญ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง [20 ุŒ 28]. ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉ ุŒ ุชู… ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฏ S-furin ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุณู„ุณ (Invitrogen ุŒ Carlsbad ุŒ CA ุŒ USA) ูˆุชู… ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง CV-1 ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจููŠุฑูˆุณ ู„ู‚ุงุญ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† YN- S-GPT. ุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin-S2 ููŠ YN cDNA ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู† ู…ุคู‚ุช [25].
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
2.2. Generation of Recombinant Virus
Recombinant rYN-S2/RRKR virus containing an S protein with the furin-S2? site was generated by vaccinia recombination, as described previously [20,28]. Briefly, plasmid with the furin-S2? site was generated using the Seamless Assembly kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transfected into CV-1 cells infected by vaccinia virus containing the genome of YN-?S-GPT. Furin-S2โ€™ site was introduced into the YN cDNA by homologous recombination using the transient dominant selection system [25].
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฅุนุฌุงุจ ุจุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฒ! ููŠู…ุง ูŠู„ูŠ ูˆุตู ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุณู„ุณ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ :
GeneArt 1 4 , , 30- . E.coli .
โ€ข โ€” 4 ( 13 ); ,
โ€ข โ€” , , , 90% .
โ€ข โ€”
โ€ข โ€” - -,
โ€ข โ€” , , .
The GeneArt Seamless Cloning and Assembly Kit enables the simultaneous and directional cloning of 1 to 4 PCR fragments, consisting of any sequence, into any linearized vector, in a single 30-minute room temperature reaction. The kit contains everything required for the assembly of DNA fragments, and their transformation into E. coli for selection and growth of recombinant vectors.
โ€ข Speed and Ease?โ€”?Clone up to 4 DNA fragments, with sequence of your choice, simultaneously in a single vector (up to 13 Kb); no restriction digestion, ligation or recombination sites required
โ€ข Precision and Efficiency โ€” Designed to let you clone what you want, where you want, in the orientation you want, and achieve up to 90% correct clones with no extra sequences left behind
โ€ข Vector Flexibility โ€” Use our linear vector or a vector of your choice
โ€ข Free Tools โ€” Design DNA oligos and more with our free web-based interface that walks you step-by-step through your project
โ€ข Diverse Applications โ€” Streamline many synthetic biology and molecular biology techniques through the rapid combination, addition, deletion, or exchange of DNA segments
ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุตู‚ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 4 ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ููŠ ู†ุตู ุณุงุนุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ ุฏูˆู† ุตุฏุงุน ู…ุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุท. ูˆุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุฅุจุฏุงุนูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ E. coli ู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ.

ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎู„ุงุต ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุชุงุฆุฌู‡ุง. ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† CoV2 ู„ูŠุณ ูุฑูŠุฏู‹ุง ูุญุณุจ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† RaTG13 ู†ูุณู‡ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุณูŠุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ.

ุชูุถูŠู„ุงุช Codon


ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบุฑุงุถ ุŒ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญูŠุฒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูˆู† ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„ CoV2 ูˆ RaTG13. ู„ูŠุณ ุณุฑุงู‹ ุฃู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ููŠ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูˆู† ู…ุน ุชูุถูŠู„ุงุช ู…ุถูŠููŠู‡ุง ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชูˆู‚ุนุช ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ู†ู…ุทู‹ุง ู…ุดุงุจู‡ู‹ุง ู…ุน ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ RaTG13 ุŒ ูˆุขู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูู‹ุง ุนู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู†.

ู‡ู†ุง SARS-CoV ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ Rs3367 ูˆ RsSCH014 ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุชูˆู‚ุน:


ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ูˆ MERS ูˆ CoV2:


RaTG13 ูŠุดุจู‡ CoV2 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง:


ู„ูƒู† RaTG13 ู„ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ:


ุนู„ู‰ ZXC21 ูˆ ZC45 ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง:


ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุŒ RaTG13 ู…ู† Rs3367 ูˆ RsSCH014 ุจุนูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ LYRa11 ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ:


ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ูŠุชู… ูุตู„ RaTG13 ูˆ CoV2 ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฃุฎุฑู‰. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ู…ูุชูˆู†ู‹ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฑู…ุฒ AAA - ูู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุจุงุฆู„:


ุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุตุงุฏูุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆุญุธุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ุจูŠู† AAA ูˆ AAG ููŠ E. coli . ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุน [ูƒุฏู†ุง] ู…ู† ูƒุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฒุฑุน ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃุญูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุนู…ู‚ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.

ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒุดู ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูˆู† ุนู† ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชูุฑุฏ CoV2 ูˆ RaTG13. ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌุงูุฉุŸ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุฏูุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุฉ ุŒ ุฃูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุŒ ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ุจุฌุฏ. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจุฑูุถ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ CoV2 ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.

ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุชูู†ูŠุฏ ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŸ


ูƒูŠู ู„ุง ุชุณู…ุญุŸ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ูƒุงุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ NatureุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุญุถ ู„ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ. ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ "ู„ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ" ุจุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ู ุŒ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ุงุญูƒู… ุจู†ูุณูƒ - ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฌุฒุฉ:
, SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 , , , RBD SARS-CoV [ SARS โ€” ..] . , SARS-CoV-2 ACE2, , ACE2, . , SARS-CoV-2 .
While the analyses above suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may bind human ACE2 with high affinity, computational analyses predict that the interaction is not ideal and that the RBD sequence is different from those shown in SARS-CoV to be optimal for receptor binding. Thus, the high-affinity binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human ACE2 is most likely the result of natural selection on a human or human-like ACE2 that permits another optimal binding solution to arise. This is strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is not the product of purposeful manipulation.
ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุทูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆุถุญ RBMs ุงู„ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู€ CoV2 ูˆ pangolin-19. ุงู†ุชุธุฑ ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ "ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ" ุจู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ุงุฑูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุง ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ RBM ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุขุฎุฑ - ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุชุตุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุฏ: "ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู…ูŠู… ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุฏุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† CoV2 ู‡ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† CoV2 ู„ุง ูŠุตู†ุน ุจุงู„ูŠุฏ! " ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุณูŠุก. ุชุคูƒุฏ ุฃุทุฑูˆุญุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง:
, , , , -. , , SARS-CoV-2 - .
Furthermore, if genetic manipulation had been performed, one of the several reverse-genetic systems available for betacoronaviruses would probably have been used. However, the genetic data irrefutably show that SARS-CoV-2 is not derived from any previously used virus backbone.
ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุฌูˆุจ ุจู…ู†ุนุทูุงุช ุตุงุฎุจุฉ: "ูŠุซุจุช ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฏุญุถู‡ ุฃู† CoV2 ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุฅู†ุดุงุคู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง!" ุญุณู†ุง ุดูƒุฑุง ุงู„ูƒุงุจุชู† ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„. ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ู…ุจุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ู…ุงุฏุฉ cDNA ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ - ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ RaTG13ุŸ ู†ุนู… ุณู‡ู„. ุฃูŠุถุง ุŒ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ RBM pangolinium ูˆู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู†ุฐ 20 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุชุฌุนู„ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจุงุช ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ.

ุฃู…ุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฃุตู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ููŠ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ูŠุนุจุฑูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู† ุฃุทุฑูˆุญุงุช ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ:
, O- . in vitro in vivo. , SARS-CoV-2 - , . ACE2, , .
The acquisition of both the polybasic cleavage site and predicted O-linked glycans also argues against culture-based scenarios. New polybasic cleavage sites have been observed only after prolonged passage of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, a hypothetical generation of SARS-CoV-2 by cell culture or animal passage would have required prior isolation of a progenitor virus with very high genetic similarity, which has not been described. Subsequent generation of a polybasic cleavage site would have then required repeated passage in cell culture or animals with ACE2 receptors similar to those of humans, but such work has also not previously been described.
ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุญูŠุซ ู†ุดุฃ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ููŠุฑูŠู† ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง. ูˆุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ูˆุตู ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ - ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† RaTG13ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ RBM ุตู†ุงุนูŠู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ููŠู‡ ุŒ ุซู… ุชู… ุงุณุชุฒุฑุงุน ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฎูŠู…ุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู† ุชูƒุชุณุจ ุทูุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู…ูŠุฒ CoV2 ุนู† RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-19 .

ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูุฑูˆ ุŒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู…ุน ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ู…ุณุชู‡ุฏู - ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ุตูŠู†ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชูˆุจุฑ 2019 ู…ุน ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูƒูˆุฑูˆู†ุง. ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒุชุณุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุฅู†ุดุงุคู‡ุง ุทูุฑุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฒุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ู…ู† MA15 ููŠ ุนุงู… 2007ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„.

ุดูŠ Zhengli 2020


ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุŒ ุธู‡ุฑ ุนู…ู„ ูุฑูŠู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุŒ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงุฎุชุจุฑูˆุง ููŠ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ ุถุฏ CoV2 ุณู†ูˆุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ - ุงู„ุจุจุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ุน ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุŒ ู…ูˆู‚ุน Furin ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู€ CoV2 ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุชุฑุญูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ู„ู€ CoV2 ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ:
, SARS-CoV-2 , SARS-CoV, , SARS-CoV-2 .
โ€ฆ
, ฮฒ- S1/S2, . , SARS-CoV , L . S1/S2 SARS-CoV .
In this study, we have shown that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits much higher capacity of membrane fusion than SARS-CoV, suggesting that the fusion machinery of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for development of coronavirus fusion inhibitors.
โ€ฆ
Generally, ฮฒ-B coronaviruses lack the S1/S2 furin-recognition site, and their S proteins are uncleaved in the native state. For example, SARS-CoV enters into the cell mainly via the endosomal membrane fusion pathway where its S protein is cleaved by endosomal cathepsin L and activated. Inducing the S1/S2 furin-recognition site could significantly increase the capacity of SARS-CoV S protein to mediate cellular membrane surface infection.
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุŒ ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุฃุฌุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุจุชูŠุฏุŸ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ุจู†ูŠ ุชุฎู…ูŠู†ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฏุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุถุน ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู‚ุฑุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุŒ ู…ูˆุงูƒุจุฉ ุดูŠ Zhengli ุŒ ูˆุงู†ุถู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ู„ู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ู…ู† CoV2. ูƒู…ุง ุฃูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆุฒูŠุฏ (ฮฒ-D-N4-hydroxycytidineุŒ NHC) ุถุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ COV ูˆMERS ูˆุฃุถุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ CoV2ุŒ ูˆุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุทุจุงุนุฉ. ู†ุธุงุฆุฑู‡ุง Nucleoside (ู…ุซู„ remdesivir ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ) ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠู‹ุง ุนู† ู†ู‡ุฌ ุดูŠ ุฒู†ุบู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู†: ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู "ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุจุฉ" ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุฒูŠู†ุบู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคู„ููˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ.

ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„


ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ุขู…ู„ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง. ุขุณู ุฅุฐุง ูˆู„ุฏุช ู„ูƒ. ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุตุฏู…ุฉ: ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑู†ุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ. ุขู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุบูˆุต ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆุฃู† ุชููƒุฑ ุจุนู‚ู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† CoV2. ููŠ ุฑุฃูŠูŠ ุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุฑูุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ.

ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ ุณุฃุดุฑุญ: ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† CoV2 ุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ. ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุชุฉ ุŒ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฃู† ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ. ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ. ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฎุฏู… ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒุฏู„ูŠู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ.

ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฃุฏู„ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ. ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ุงู ูˆุณูŠุทุฉ ุจูŠู† RaTG13 ูˆ pangolin-19 ูˆ CoV2 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุจุน ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ููŠ CoV2 ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ู‡ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ. ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุฑุงู„ู ุจุงุฑูŠูƒ ู†ูุณู‡ :
ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV-2ุŸ
ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุถูŠูู‹ุง ูˆุณูŠุทู‹ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุบูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุง ุชุชุทุงุจู‚ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุน 88-98 ูช ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV-2. ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 99.8ูช ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช 2003 ู…ู† ุณุงุฑุณ - CoV. ูˆุจุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุนุฏุฉ ุทูุฑุงุช ุจูŠู† ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงูƒูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2003. ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† [ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช CoV2] ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 3000 ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช. ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ูุฑุตุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ
What is the reservoir species of SARS-CoV-2?
They have not identified the actual reservoir species. Reports show that pangolins are potentially the intermediate host, but pangolin viruses are 88โ€“98% identical to SARS-CoV-2. In comparison, civet and racoon dog strains of SARS coronaviruses were 99.8% identical to SARS-CoV from 2003. In other words, we are talking about a handful of mutations between civet strains, racoon dog strains and human strains in 2003. Pangolin [strains of CoV2] have over 3000 nucleotide changes, no way they are the reservoir species. Absolutely no chance.
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ.

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UPD: ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4ูช ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุงุช RaTG13 ูˆ Cov2


ุฌุงุฏู„ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ุชู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑูŠุฉ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธ ~ 4ูช ุจูŠู† RaTG13 ูˆ CoV2 ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… RaTG13 ู†ูุณู‡ ูƒุฃุณุงุณ. ุชุชุจุงูŠู† ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช RNA ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ - ู…ู† 10 -6 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 -4 ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† CoV2 ูŠุชุญูˆุฑ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 25 ุทูุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุŒ ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุฏ ุŒ ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุŒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู‚ูˆุฏู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุชุจุงุนุฏ ู‡ุงุชุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุชุงู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 4ูช. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุนุชุฑุงุถ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุนู‡.

ุฃูˆู„ุง ุŒ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุญูŠ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณุงุฑุณ ูˆ MERS ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุทูุฑุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู…ุฑุงุช. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฃููŠุฏ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุนุงู… 2004 ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ 600 ู…ู‚ุทุน ุŒ ู„ูˆุญุธ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 2.1 ูช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุณู„ู‡ุง:



ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู†ูุณ ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณูŠุฏ (ุงู„ุฑูŠุจุงููŠุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ูŠุณูŠููŠุฏูŠุฑ) ) ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช RNA ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู:
. 10-4 , -. , 6 . in vitro , , , .
We obtained an estimate of the spontaneous mutation rate of ca. 10-4 substitutions per site or lower, a value within the typically accepted range for RNA viruses. A roughly threefold increase in mutation rate and a significant shift in mutation spectrum were observed in samples from patients undergoing 6 months of interferon plus ribavirin treatment. This result is consistent with the known in vitro mutagenic effect of ribavirin and suggests that the antiviral effect of ribavirin plus interferon treatment is at least partly exerted through lethal mutagenesis.
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุณู„ู ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู„ู€ CoV2 ู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุทูุฑุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ุชุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุถุฏู‡ุง ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.

ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุญุฌุฉ ูุฑู‚ 4 ูช ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชู†ุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ RaTG13 ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ุฃุนู„ู†ุชู‡ WIV ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ุง. ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุนู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุนุชุฑู ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุซูˆู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุจู‡ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุชุณุฑุจ. ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุชุณุฑุจ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู† WIV ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฅุฎูุงุกู‡ ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู.

, 100%- , . , , , , , , , . โ€” โ€” CoV2 , , , , , . , , , . , , , , .

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ุงุฏุนุงุกุงุช WIV ุญูˆู„ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ RaTG13 - ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงูู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู… ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2013 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุดูŠ Zhengli RaTG13 ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ. ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุชุณู„ุณู„ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… RaTG13 ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2020.

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UPD2: RaTG13 - ู†ูุณ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ RaBtCoV / 4991ุŸ


ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุดุฑุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุŒ ุชู…ุช ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุทุจุงุนุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† RaTG13 ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† RaBtCoV / 4991 ( KP876546 ) ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูุงุฏ ุดูŠ Zhengli ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุงู… 2013 ููŠ ู…ู†ุฌู… ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ู…ู‡ุฌูˆุฑ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2016 . ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู„ู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุจุฐู„ูƒ. ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุก ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ู…ู† RaBtCoV / 4991 ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช RaTG13 ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ 370 ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† RdRp:


ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง ุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุนุฒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง: ุชู… ุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆ 2013 ู…ู† ู…ุณุญุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงููŠุด ู…ู† R. affinis :


ุชู… ุฌู…ุน ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† RaBtCoV / 4991 ููŠ ู…ู†ุฌู… ูŠู‚ุน ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ Mujiang ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุน ุชุญุช ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ Puer:
ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ Mujiang ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญูƒู… ุฐุงุชูŠ ุชุญุช ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ Puer ุŒ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ุŒ ุงู„ุตูŠู†. ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง
ูŠุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจูˆูŠุฑ ูƒู…ูƒุงู† ุชุฌู…ุน RaTG13 ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช GISAID ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุคุดุฑุงู‹ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠู‹ุง ู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌู… ููŠ Mujiang.

ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฃู† ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ 2020 ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ RaTG13ุŒ ุดูŠ Zhengli ู„ุง ูŠุฐูƒุฑ RaBtCoV / 4991 ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู„ู‡ 2016 ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงุณู… "ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ". ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ู†ุณูŠุงู† RaBtCoV / 4991 ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ู†ุธุฑู‹ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2019 ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุชุถู…ูŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰:


ุฃุดูƒ ููŠ ุฃู† ู…ูƒุงู† RaBtCoV / 4991 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุชู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† 370 ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุฏุงุช ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู… 2019 ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Shi Zhengli ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุชุณู„ุณู„ ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ู‡ุง.

ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู† ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุงุช pangolin-2017 ูˆ pangolin-2019 ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† RaTG13 ูˆ CoV2 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† RdRp ุŒ ูˆ CoV2 ูˆ pangolin-2019 ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุชู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุง ููŠ RaTG13:

ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู„ู ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูˆู† ุจูŠู† RaTG13 ูˆุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† R. affinis ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฌูˆุฑ. ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ ุŒ ุชู… ู†ุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน 816-nucleotide ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† RdRp ( RaBtCoV / 3750 ูˆ RaBtCoV / 4307โ€“2 ) ู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช Ra ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุ› ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุชูุถูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูˆู† ุŒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ู…ู‚ุทุน 816-nucleotide ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ู† RaTG13. ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุชุฎุชู„ู RaTG13 ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠูŠู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุชุงู† ุฌุฏู‹ุง:


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